Abstract: Novel 2-vinyl(or ethyl)-1-cyanocyclopropane-1-carboxylates and 2-vinyl(or ethyl)-1-arylcyclopropane-1-carboxylates useful as herbicides, pesticides and chemical intermediates are provided. The invention also relates to a method of modifying plant growth by the application of vinyl(or ethyl)cyclopropane derivatives wherein the carboxylate group contains an amine or quaternized amine moiety.

Abstract: A process is provided whereby significantly improved drying rates are obtained in the production of raisins. The process involves treating the grapes with a hot aqueous solution containing a lower alkyl ester of a fatty acid and alkali metal carbonate prior to the drying operation.

Abstract: Novel 2-vinyl(or ethyl)-1-cyanocyclopropane-1-carboxylates and 2-vinyl(or ethyl)-1-arylcyclopropane-1-carboxylates useful as herbicides, pesticides and chemical intermediates are provided. The invention also relates to a method of modifying plant growth by the application of vinyl(or ethyl)cyclopropane derivatives wherein the carboxylate group contains an amine or quaternized amine moiety.

Abstract: Ethylene glycol monoaryl ethers useful as fragrance chemicals and substantially free of undesirable metallic notes are obtained by treating the product with an alkali metal borohydride at a temperature from ambient up to about 100.degree. C.

Abstract: By the incorporation of small amounts of specific polyamides into polyalkenes, such as polypropylene and polyethylene, it is possible to significantly improve the dyeing properties, including color intensity, color homogeneity and color fastness, of the polyalkene. Polyamides useful for this purpose are derived from mixed dicarboxylic acids, diamine and triamine containing two primary and one tertiary amine groups.

Abstract: Mixed metal compounds comprised of aluminum alkoxides or aluminum carboxylates with an alkali metal or magnesium alkoxide or carboxylate are useful catalysts for the thermal depolymerization of polyesters to produce macrocyclic compounds. High yields and enhanced rates of reaction are possible utilizing these mixed metal catalysts in known depolymerization procedures.

Abstract: Novel 2-vinyl- and 2-ethylcyclopropane carboxylates useful as pesticides, herbicides and chemical intermediates are provided. The products of this invention contain two gem carboxylate ##STR1## groups, which can be the same or different. The carboxylate groups will contain an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic, heteroalkyl or heterocyclic moiety.

Abstract: Highly useful amidoamine oxides are provided which are derived from polymeric fatty acids, particularly, dimer and trimer acids obtained by the polymerization of C.sub.18 unsaturated monocarboxylic acids. Aqueous solutions and dispersions of the amidoamine oxides of this invention can be used in a variety of formulations to impart desirable properties. They are particularly advantageous for use in cleaning formulations and shampoo products and when included in anionic and cationic laundry detergents have been found to soften the laundered articles.

Abstract: Highly useful amidoamine oxides are provided which are derived from polymeric fatty acids, particularly, dimer and trimer acids obtained by the polymerization of C.sub.18 unsaturated monocarboxylic acids. Aqueous solutions and dispersions of the amidoamine oxides of this invention can be used in a variety of formulations to impart desirable properties. They are particularly advantageous for use in cleaning formulations and shampoo products and when included in anionic and cationic laundry detergents have been found to soften the laundered articles.

Abstract: Carboxyphenylalkanoic acids, and lower alkyl esters thereof, are described. These novel compounds are obtained by the non-classical oxidation of methylphenylalkanoic acids.

Abstract: By the incorporation of small amounts of specific polyamides into polyalkenes, such as polypropylene and polyethylene, it is possible to significantly improve the dyeing properties, including color intensity, color homogeneity and color fastness, of the polyalkene. Polyamides useful for this purpose are derived from mixed dicarboxylic acids, diamine and triamine containing two primary and one tertiary amine groups.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for effectively curing non-polar rubbers, and more particularly light-colored compositions of ethylene-propylene-diene rubbers, in an ultrahigh-frequency field by incorporating therein a specified amount of a low molecular weight organic nitrile compound.

Abstract: A process is provided whereby the malodorous and undesirable constituents present with macrocyclic fragrance compounds obtained by the thermal depolymerization of polyesters are removed. The process involves contacting the macrocyclic compound maintained in a liquid state with ozone or ozone and an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide.

Abstract: This invention provides a convenient and commercially adaptable process for the preparation of vinylcyclopropane derivatives in high yield. For the process an alkylating agent and activated methylene compound are reacted in the presence of an alkylene oxide derivative and alkali metal compound. Water can also be present and/or the reaction may be carried out in an inert organic diluent.

Abstract: This invention provides a convenient and commercially adaptable process for the preparation of vinylcyclopropane derivatives in high yield. For the process an alkylating agent and activated methylene compound are reacted in the presence of a cyclic polyether compound and alkali metal compound. Water can also be present and/or the reaction may be carried out in an inert organic diluent.

Abstract: A process for reducing the amount of polyunsaturated fatty acid and/or polyunsaturated fatty acid ester present in admixture with monounsaturated fatty acid and/or monounsaturated fatty acid ester is provided which comprises heating the admixture of fatty acids and/or fatty acid esters in the presence of a polymerization initiating amount of at least one organic peroxide at a temperature and for a period of time which is sufficient to effect the selective polymerization of a substantial amount of polyunsaturated fatty acid and/or polyunsaturated fatty acid ester present in said admixture, and thereafter separating the polymerized polyunsaturated fatty acid and/or polyunsaturated fatty acid ester from said admixture. The aforedescribed process is especially useful for reducing the amount of linoleic acid present in high oleic acid-content vegetable oils.

Abstract: Beta deuterated 2-ethylhexanol and derivatives thereof, particularly esters of 2-d-2-ethylhexanol and mono- or dicarboxylic acids which are useful as lubricants, are provided. Improved resistance to oxidation is obtained with the deuterated ester products.

Abstract: Vinylcyclopropane monomers and oligomers, obtained by the reaction of a diol or ether diol with 2-vinylcyclopropane-1,1-dicarboxylic acid or a lower alkyl ester thereof, are provided. These products are highly reactive and useful for the preparation of photocurable films, coatings and inks and in other related applications.

Abstract: Highly effective supported nickel catalysts having finely divided metallic nickel deposited thereon and high specific metal surface areas are obtained by a process wherein a support material is contacted with a nickel soap in an inert hydrocarbon and the resulting nickel-bearing support subsequently subjected to a sulfiding step followed by reductive treatment. The present catalyst compositions are useful as hydrogenation catalysts, particularly for the hydrogenation of fatty materials.

Abstract: Copolyamides derived from a mixture of short-chain and long-chain saturated aliphatic dicarboxylic acids, piperazine and a polyoxyalkylene diamine are excellent hot melt adhesives useful with a variety of substrates. These thermoplastic copolyamide resins are particularly useful adhesives for vinyl materials and are resistant to creep.