Abstract: An improved process is provided for the amidation of carboxylic acids. For the process a carboxylic acid is reacted with ammonia gas at an elevated temperature and at atmospheric pressure or above in the presence of an alkyltin catalyst, preferably an alkyltin compound containing both hydroxyl and halo groups. High conversions are achieved with the process and the resulting products have low nitrile contents.

Abstract: This invention provides a convenient and commercially adaptable process for the preparation of vinylcyclopropane derivatives in high yields. The process involves reacting an alkylating agent and an activated methylene compound in the presence of an onium compound, an alkali metal compound and water, which while only necessary in trace amounts can be present in substantial quantities.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel polyamides substantially based on polycarboxylic acids, in particular polymerized fatty acids, and polyalkylene polyamines in which the recurring alkylene groups are of different carbon chain lengths and two or more different alkylene imine groups occur. These polyamides show amine values from 5-600, acid values below 2 and viscosities of 0.05-25 Pa s and are useful as curing catalysts for epoxy resins.

Abstract: Improved supported thallium(III) reagents are provided which significantly improve reaction rates and product selectivity of oxythallation reactions. The present reagents have a thallium(III) salt of an acid on the surface and within montmorillonite clay minerals.

Abstract: Copolyamides derived from a mixture of short-chain and long-chain saturated aliphatic dicarboxylic acids, piperazine and a polyoxyalkylene diamine are excellent hot melt adhesives useful with a variety of substrates. These thermoplastic copolyamide resins are particularly useful adhesives for vinyl materials and are resistant to creep.

Abstract: A process is provided for the continuous or semi-continuous production of hetero-macrocyclic compounds including lactones and cyclic esters. The process involves the catalyzed depolymerization of linear polyesters at elevated temperature and under reduced pressure in the presence of a specified amount of monocarboxylate moieties while providing top-to-bottom mixing throughout essentially the total volume of the reaction mass.

Abstract: Polyamides having at least three different recurring polyamide repeating units are provided herein. These polyamides are useful hot melt adhesives for textiles and exhibit low softening point, high viscosity, high adhesive strength and good detergent and dry cleaning resistance.

Abstract: Polyamides suitable as hot-melt adhesives and containing groups derived from a polymeric fatty acid containing 70-90% by weight of dimer acid and from a triamine of the structure ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl group and R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are bivalent hydrocarbon radicals. Optionally the polyamide also contains groups derived from a C.sub.2-20 diamine, a dicarboxylic acid containing 6-12 carbon atoms, a monocarboxylic acid or a C.sub.5-12 lactam.

Abstract: Improved supported thallium(III) reagents are provided which significantly improve reaction rates and product selectivity of oxythallation reactions. The present reagents have a thallium(III) salt of an acid on the surface and within montmorillonite clay minerals.

Abstract: Polyamides and polyesters having greatly improved resistance to static electricity buildup are obtained by the incorporation of about 0.1 to 20 weight percent poly(alkylene ether) esters of polybasic acid. The antistatic properties of these polymers is significantly improved when poly(ethylene oxide) esters of dimer and trimer acids are employed.

Abstract: This invention relates to useful protective compositions, a method for protecting aluminum and aluminum alloy products against water staining, and a protected aluminum sheet. The method involves applying a continuous film of a protective composition to the surface of the aluminum product. The protective compositions useful for the invention are blends or reaction products of a polybasic acid and a partial ester of a polyol.

Abstract: This invention relates to useful protective compositions and a method for protecting aluminum and aluminum alloy products against water staining. The method involves applying a continuous film of a protective composition to the surface of the aluminum product. The protective compositions useful for the invention are blends or reaction products of a polybasic acid and a partial ester of a polyol.

Abstract: Copolyesters are provided which are derived from mixed dibasic acids and a branched-chain diol. These copolyesters possess a unique balance of physical and chemical characteristics which permits their use in small amounts in blood separation tubes to provide an effective barrier between the light and heavy phases of the blood after centrifuging.

Abstract: Soaps and ester-soaps of high molecular weight .alpha.-alkyl branched aliphatic monocarboxylic acids obtained from high molecular weight .alpha.-olefins are useful lubricants for structural resins. The high molecular weight acids useful for the preparation of the soaps and ester-soaps are obtained by the free radical addition of a short-chain monocarboxylic acid and .alpha.-olefins containing 22 or more carbon atoms. The soaps and ester-soaps of this invention provide excellent internal-external lubrication for PVC homopolymers and copolymers.

Abstract: Improved rolling oil compositions are obtained by blending a petroleum base oil with a polymeric fatty acid, a fatty alcohol and lower alkyl ester of a fatty acid. These formulations are extremely effective for use in the cold rolling of aluminum and aluminum alloys.

Abstract: Copolyamides derived from mixed acids (a polymeric fatty acid and short-chain dibasic acid) and mixed amines (a polyoxyalkylene diamine and a short-chain diamine) are provided. These thermoplastic resin compositions are excellent reinforcing adhesives for flexible substrates and are particularly useful as box-toe construction resins.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for protecting aluminum and aluminum alloy products against water staining. The method involves applying a continuous film of a protective composition to the surface of the aluminum product. The protective compositions useful for the invention are blends or reaction products of a polybasic acid and a partial ester of a polyol.

Abstract: Polyester plasticizers having improved low temperature properties are obtained by terminating the polyester with mixed chain-terminating agents. Mixtures of monobasic acids and monofunctional alcohols are employed for this purpose. The polyesters of this invention find particular utility as plasticizers for PVC homopolymers and copolymers.

Abstract: Mixed ester products obtained by treatment of a triglyceride under transesterification conditions with a polyoxyalkylene glycol and a high molecular weight dicarboxylic acid, such as polymer acids, are useful metal working fluids. The modified triglycerides exhibit enhanced thermal stability and can be used either in neat form or in solution, particularly with 40 SUS to 300 SUS mineral oils.

Abstract: Amino-amides obtained by the reaction of polymeric fatty acids with poly(oxyethylene) diamines are readily compatible with water in all proportions and form clear, aqueous solutions which have excellent lubricating properties.