Abstract: Process for the running of a reactor in which reactions take place in multiphase systems, wherein a gaseous phase prevalently consisting of CO and H2 is bubbled into a suspension of a solid in the form of particles (catalyst) in a liquid (prevalently reaction product), according to the Fischer-Tropsch technology.

Abstract: A porous bed centrifuge for continuous separation of immiscible liquids, for example water and mineral oil/petroleum, obtained by a modification to conventional disk centrifuges for increasing their efficiency, wherein the disks have been substituted by a filling of solid particles that act as a filtrating and coalescent bed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalytic partial oxidation process for the production of synthesis gas starting from oxygenated compounds deriving from biomasses, comprising at least the following operative phase: reacting, in a suitable reactor, a reaction mixture comprising: a) one or more oxygenated compounds selected from glycerine, ethanol, triglycerides of fatty acids, carbohydrates having the general formula Cn(H2O)nH2 and/or mixtures thereof, b) an oxidant selected from oxygen, air or air enriched with oxygen, c) optionally a hydrocarbon propellant or vapour, said reaction being carried out at a temperature ranging from 450 to 1,100° C., at a pressure ranging from 1 to 50 ATM, with a GHSV (gas hourly space velocity) ranging from 10,000 to 1,000,000 Nl/(kg·h), in the presence of a catalyst comprising one or more transition metals on a solid carrier.

Abstract: Process for the contemporaneous production of fuels and lubricating bases from synthetic paraffinic mixtures, which includes a hydrocracking step in the presence of a solid bi-functional catalyst comprising: (A) a support of an acidic nature consisting of a catalytically active porous solid, including silicon, aluminum, phosphorus and oxygen bonded to one another in such a way as to form a mixed amorphous solid characterized by an Si/Al atomic ratio of between 15 and 250, a P/Al ratio of at least 0.1, but lower than 5, a total pore volume ranging from 0.5 to 2.0 ml/g, with an average pore diameter ranging from 3 nm. to 40 nm, and a specific surface area ranging from 200 to 1000 M2/g; (B) at least one metal with a hydro-dehydrogenating activity selected from groups 6 to 10 of the periodic table of elements, dispersed on said support (A) in an amount of between 0.05 and 5% by weight with respect to the total weight of the catalyst.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of a water-in-oil or oil-in-water nanoemulsion wherein the dispersed phase is distributed in the dispersing phase in the form of droplets having a diameter ranging from 1 to 500 nm, comprising: 1) the preparation of a homogeneous water/oil blend (I) characterized by an interface tension lower than 1 mN/m, comprising water in an amount of 30 to 70% by weight, at least two surface-active agents having a different HLB, selected from non-ionic, anionic, polymeric surface-active agents, said surface-active agents being present in such a quantity as to make the blend homogeneous; 2) the dilution of the blend (I) in a dispersing phase consisting of oil or water with the addition of a surface-active agent, selected from non-ionic, anionic, polymeric surface-active agents, the quantity of the dispersing phase and surface-active agent being such as to obtain a nanoemulsion having a HLB different from that of the blend (I).

Abstract: Testing process for testing zero emission hydrocarbon wells in order to obtain general information on a reservoir, comprising the following steps: injecting into the reservoir a suitable liquid or gaseous fluid, compatible with the hydrocarbons of the reservoir and with the formation rock, at a constant flow-rate or with constant flow rate steps, and substantially measuring, in continuous, the flow-rate and injection pressure at the well bottom; closing the well and measuring the pressure, during the fall-off period (pressure fall-off) and possibly the temperature; interpreting the fall-off data measured in order to evaluate the average static pressure of the fluids (Pav) and the reservoir properties: actual permeability (k), transmissivity (kh), areal heterogeneity or permeability barriers and real Skin factor (S); calculating the well productivity.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for the production of liquid hydrocarbons by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis on solid catalyst particles in a three-phase bed reactor, the apparatus being provided with at least one filter cartridge mounted in a filtration zone in the interior of said reactor, the filter cartridge comprising: a filter intended to separate the filtrate from the solid catalyst particles, a cylindrical casing, an internal element in the form of a hollow cylinder open at its ends and mounted in substantially coaxial relationship with the longitudinal axis of the casing, an annular chamber delimited by the casing and the walls of the internal element, said chamber being intended to collect the filtrate, and a conduit for discharge of said filtrate, wherein the walls of the internal element of the filter cartridge are at least in part formed by the filter of the cartridge.

Abstract: Process for the conversion of heavy charges such as heavy crude oils, tars from oil sands and distillation residues, by the combined use of the following three process units: hydroconversion with catalysts in slurry phase (HT), distillation or flash (D), deasphalting (SDA), characterized in that the three units operate on mixed streams consisting of fresh charge and recycled streams, by the use of the following steps: sending at least one fraction of the heavy charge to a deasphalting section (SDA) in the presence of hydrocarbon solvents obtaining two streams, one consisting of deasphalted oil (DAO), the other of asphalts; mixing the asphalt with a suitable hydrogenation catalyst and optionally with the remaining fraction of heavy charge not sent to the deasphalting section and sending the mixture obtained to a hydro-treatment reactor (HT) into which hydrogen or a mixture of hydrogen and H2S is charged; sending the stream containing the hydro-treatment reaction product and the catalyst in dispersed phase t

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for controlling a hybrid motor, and more particularly, to an apparatus and method for controlling a hybrid motor, which uses a permanent magnet instead of a field coil for a rotor, winds a coil round a stator in a multi-phase independent parallel manner, fixes a rectifying type encoder to the rotor and connects a sensor to a driving circuit to smoothly start and rotate the hybrid motor, simplifies the configuration of the hybrid motor and reduce the manufacturing cost of the hybrid motor The apparatus for controlling a hybrid motor having a multi-phase independent parallel stator coil comprises: an encoder attached to a rotor of the hybrid motor and operated in cooperation with a sensor in order to sense the pole of the rotor; the sensor for outputting a sensor signal indicating the polo of the rotor, sensed by the encoder; a speed input unit for generating a speed instruction signal for driving the motor; a power switching circuit for generating signal

Abstract: A process is described for the treatment of water contaminated by metals with a high oxidation degree, aliphatic compounds, aromatic compounds, halogen-aromatic compounds, chlorinated alkane and alkene compounds or mixtures thereof, which consists in circulating the contaminated water through a reactive system consisting of metallic iron and a zeolite having a silica/alumina ratio>50, placed in succession, wherein the first element through which the water passes is iron.

Abstract: A method is described for the identification of sulfooxidizing bacteria comprising the extraction of the DNA from environmental samples and the subsequent identification of at least one fragment of the Thio 16S gene or SoxB gene present in these bacteria. The method can be used for determining the level of elemental sulfur in samples of soil.

Abstract: Process for the removal in continuous of hydrogen sulfide from gaseous streams containing it, comprising: a) putting a gas containing H2S in contact with an oxidizing acid aqueous solution of ferric nitrate and containing a heteropolyacid having redox properties; b) filtrating and separating the sulfur produced by the redox reaction; c) oxidizing the ferrous nitrate to ferric nitrate with air; d) recycling the solution containing ferric nitrate and heteropolyacid to the oxidation step (a); e) subjecting the gaseous stream leaving the oxidation reactor (c) to washing with the reduced solution; and f) discharging the gaseous stream.

Abstract: The preparation is described of a Fischer-Tropsch catalytic precursor based on cobalt supported on alumina, optionally containing up to 10% by weight of silica, which comprises: a) treatment of the alumina with a silicon compound selected from those having general formula (I) Si(OR)4-nR?n (I) wherein n ranges from 1 to 3 wherein R? is selected from primary hydrocarbyl radicals having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms; wherein R is selected from primary hydrocarbyl radicals having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms; b) drying and subsequent calcination of the modified carrier obtained at the end of step (a) thus obtaining a silanized carrier; c) subsequent deposition of cobalt on the silanized carrier obtained at the end of step (b); d) drying and subsequent calcination of the supported cobalt obtained at the end of step (c) thus obtaining the final catalytic precursor; the above final catalytic precursor having a content of SiO2 deriving from the compound having general formula (I) ranging from 4.5 to 10% by weight.

Abstract: A device is described for mixing two fluids, inserted in or combined with a reactor, which can also be used for catalytic partial oxidation, substantially consisting of the following zones:—a first feeding zone equipped with means for allowing a first fluid, possibly gaseous under the operating conditions, to enter in an axial direction;—an underlying distribution zone containing a bundle of pipes preferably parallel to the axis inside which said fluid is uniformly distributed;—a second feeding zone equipped with means for allowing a second fluid to enter the distribution zone containing the bundle of preferably parallel pipes and to be uniformly distributed outside said parallel pipes;—a mixing zone separated from the distribution zone by a pipe-plate supporting said parallel pipes, said pipe-plate having slits or openings in order to uniformly discharge the second fluid in an axial direction into the mixing area, and said parallel pipes extending beyond said pipe-plate into the mixing zone.

Abstract: A process with an increased efficiency for the preparation of middle distillates with excellent properties at low temperatures and substantially without oxygenated organic compounds, starting from a synthetic mixture of hydrocarbons at least partly waxy, containing a fraction of alcohols, comprising the separation of the mixture into a low-boiling fraction and a high-boiling fraction; the subsequent hydrogenation of the low-boiling fraction under such conditions as to avoid any substantial variation in its average molecular weight; the joining of at least a part of the hydrogenated fraction with said high-boiling fraction, and the subsequent catalytic hydrocracking treatment of the mixture of hydrocarbons thug formed, to obtain a substantial conversion of the waxy part into middle distillate.

Abstract: The present invention regards a catalytic composition comprising gallium, at least one element chosen in the group of the lanthanides, and a zeolite belonging to the MFI, MEL or MFI/MEL families, the crystal lattice of which is made up of silicon oxide and at least one metal oxide chosen from among aluminum oxide, boron oxide and gallium oxide. Preferably, in the catalytic compositions of the present invention a zeolite is used belonging to the MFI family characterized by crystallites which for at least 90% have diameters smaller than 500 ? and which can form agglomerates of submicron dimensions characterized by possessing at least 30% of the extrazeolitic porosity in the region of the mesopores. The catalytic compositions of the present invention can, in addition, contain rhenium. These catalytic compositions are useful in processes of aromatization of hydrocarbons containing from 3 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably, hydrocarbon mixtures containing olefins.

Abstract: The mercaptans R—SH contained in a hydrocarbon stream are oxidized to the corresponding (di)sulfides by means of a redox system which comprises trivalent iron and a heteropolyacid which allows the complete reoxidation of the reduced iron also with air.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for cooling a high temperature gas leaving a reaction unit/device, including a coupling element to the reaction unit/device, a gas transportation and cooling pipe, and a covering shell.

Abstract: A telemetry system for bi-directional communication of data between a well point and a terminal unit situated on a surface, which can be used inside drilling or production strings. The system includes data transmission and optional reception devices. An active vehicle, which can be equipped with plural automation levels, ranging from purely tele-operated to completely autonomous, is provided for unwinding and pulling a connection line, capable of moving inside a drilling or production string, or a passive vehicle, moved by a deploying cable and a suitable winding/unwinding device, in particular a winch. A connection line, containing electric conductors and/or one or more optical fibers of the transmission and optional reception devices is provided between a well point and its corresponding point situated inside the vehicle or on the surface.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process and apparatus wherein the paraffin effluent from the Fischer-Tropsch process is separated into a heavy fraction with an initial boiling point of 120-200° C., said heavy fraction then optionally being hydrotreated then brought into contact with an amorphous hydroisomerization/hydrocracking catalyst that converts at least 80% by weight of the 370° C.+ products into products with a boiling point of less than 370° C. After distilling the hydrocracked fraction obtained to separate middle distillates, the residual heavy fraction is recycled.