Abstract: Transmitted-light and/or reflected-light microscope in closed or open vertical-frame stand design (1; 2) having a vertical object stage plane (5) and a horizontal optical microscope axis (7) which is perpendicular to the object stage (5). An alternative embodiment of the microscope casing comprises at least two vertical stand parts (11; 12) which are connected together by a stand plate (13) and--as seen by the observer (47)--are arranged one behind the other. A vertical object stage (5), to which the horizontally-extending optical axis (7) is perpendicular, is located between the two stand parts (11; 12). The angular deflection .alpha. between the vertical plane (63) and the object stage plane, and thus the angular deflection between the horizontal and the optical axis (7), can be up to 30.degree. in both versions, according to the condition: 0.degree..ltoreq..alpha..ltoreq.30.degree..

Abstract: An acoustic lens arrangement having at least one transducer for the generation and/or for the reception of a plane acoustic wavefield. The arrangement includes a focusing surface for focusing the acoustic wavefield in an object region and at least one medium for the low-loss transmission of the acoustic wavefield between a transducer, the focusing surface and the object region to be investigated. The longitudinal axis of the focusing surface is inclined relative to the direction of the normal to the acoustic wavefield in such a manner that when the longitudinal axis is positioned normal to the surface of the object region, the acoustic beams incident thereon form a critical angle .theta..sub.R with the normal to the surface of the object.

Abstract: In a method and an arrangement for aligning, examining and/or measuring two-dimensional objects situated on a table of a measuring machine, which table is displaceable at least in two coordinate directions extending perpendicular to one another, light fluxes which are distinguishable according to the associated coordinate direction and which are combined in a beam path and which are imaged in a common intermediate image plane and which are deflected by an optical element according to the coordinate directions associated with them are projected by an imaging system onto the object to be measured in each instance. For the illumination of the respective object structures, an illuminating beam is generated for each coordinate direction, and the object structures illuminated by means of this beam are imaged, separately according to coordinate directions, on scanning means.

Abstract: A modular device (5) for an optical device, such as a microscope (1), is described. This device has adjacently disposed mountings (24a, 24b) for optical systems which can be introduced alternately into the illumination beam path (2) or optical axis (2a) of the microscope by use of a pull rod (11) provided on the modular device (5). At least one of the mountings (24a) is capable of being uncoupled from the pull rod (11), so that the relative spacing of two mountings (24a, 24b) can be altered. Additionally an optical element (17), for example, a compensating plate disposed in the microscope, can be pivoted into the optical axis (2a). By using the modular device (5), a rapid switch-over from traditional methods of microscopy to, for example, investigations utilizing fluorescence microscopy and vice versa, without any effect on the image section and the image sharpness, is possible without undertaking adapting operations or reconstructing the microscope.

Abstract: The clearance-free fit for cylindrical mountings, in particular photographic lenses, is produced by recesses in the inner wall of a main mounting and projections in the outer wall of an individual mounting, to be fastened in the main mounting by inserting and by a relative rotary movement between the two mountings. The recesses and the projections are of such a configuration that a sufficiently large clearance s is present when the individual mounting is inserted, and this clearance is removed by turning to produce a frictional connection.

Abstract: A mount on the probe head of a coordinate measuring machine is described. For rapid change of a probe pin carrier, accommodating at least one probe pin, which is drawn against a bearing which clearly determines the position of the probe pin carrier in the probe head, a mechanical clamp mechanism, which acts on the bearing part of the probe pin carrier, and compression-creating and tension-creating media, actuating the clamp mechanism, are provided in the probe head.

Abstract: A circuit arrangement for reducing the settling time of amplifiers to which photoelectronic components are connected. A control circuit is provided which, operating in conjunction with components of this circuit arrangement, prevents the parasitic capacitance of the photoelectronic component from being charged up when the circuit arrangement is connected to the operating voltage.

Abstract: A microscope support foot (10) includes a central portion (14) and two lateral portions (15, 16), which form receiving chambers (19, 20, 21) by means of separating walls (17, 18) extending as far as a base plate (23). The optical components for an illumination arrangement (28) are disposed in receiving chamber (20) so as to be protected from dust by a seal (25), and the electronic components are disposed in a heat-dissipating manner in the receiving chamber (21), so that the heat-emitting components are in contact with the base plate (23) which is made of heat-dissipating material. This base plate and the lateral portion (16) have ventilation slits (42, 42'). A drive unit (36) for the adjustment of the successviely arranged aperture stop and light field stop (30, 31) is secured in the receiving chamber (19) in such a manner that the adjusting arrangement is accessible from outside and is disposed at a convenient distance from a focussing arrangement (13).

Abstract: Composite materials for prosthesis purposes are indicated, which consist of a plastics matrix and an inorganic radiopaque filler which, as the essential components, contains a combination of compounds of the elements Gd, Sr and, if appropriate, La. The proportion of filler in the total composite material is between 20 and 90% by weight.The filler particles are in a silanized form of glass and/or glass ceramics and/or a sintered product and/or in the form of a mixture of their starting components and comprise (in % by weight): 1-31 of Gd.sub.2 O.sub.3, 7-32 of SrO, 0-18 of La.sub.2 O.sub.3, 14-62 of SiO.sub.2, 0-30 of B.sub.2 O.sub.3, 1-33 of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 and 0-16 of Na.sub.2. A partial replacement of one or more of the radiopacity-causing compounds (Gd.sub.2 O.sub.3 SrO, La.sub.2 O.sub.3) by oxides of the elements Ca, Mg, Y, Zr, Ti, Ta and/or Nb is possible.

Abstract: A method and a circuit arrangement for photographic cameras for automatic determination of the exposure value by means of electrical signals obtained from integrated and selective brightness measurements of the object to be exposed. A difference value is formed, for the exposure control, in a manner which is known per se, from the comparison of an electrical signal value derived from the selective metering with an electrical signal value generated from the integrated metering. A correction value is determined from the comparison of the difference value with a threshold value. The correction value is set off against the electrical signal value generated from the integrated metering, and the value resulting from the setoff is used for exposure control of the camera.

Abstract: The device according to the invention for adjustment of the viewfinder eyepiece of a camera incorporates a radial cam/lever mechanism which can be actuated manually. It acts on the eyepiece, which is mounted so that it can be moved in an axial direction.

Abstract: In a film advance mechanism for perforated film, locking elements are provided to guarantee the image position for each exposure. They block the film transport sprocket against further movement after completion of each full film advance carried out via the camera winding mechanism. In addition, the mechanism releases the film transport sprocket from the blocked condition on completion of the camera shutter cycle.

Abstract: Wide-band network for matching a signal-conducting line having a characteristic impedance of 50 ohms to a piezoelectric transmitter having a capacitance C.sub.o and a reactance X.sub.o for a center frequency f.sub.o of the frequency band to be transmitted. Various circuit arrangements and dimensioning rules for the circuit elements are specified as a function of the reactance X.sub.o. The transmitter is a part of an acoustic lens arrangement.

Abstract: Device for the automatic transport of disk shaped objects from a discharge cassette adjustable in height through a position adjusting station to an inspection table and further into depository cassettes which are also adjustable in height in a step-wise manner. According to the invention, between the discharge cassette and the position adjusting station a linearly displaceable transport arm gripping the disk shaped objects eccentrically and between the position adjusting station and the inspection table a pivoting lever again gripping the disk shaped objects eccentrically, and within the working range of the pivoting lever additionally on a rotating plate a slide displaceable to and from in the radial direction and gripping the disk shaped objects eccentrically, are provided and the depository cassettes are arranged with their orifices at the circumference of the rotating disk.

Abstract: A circuit containing a photodiode for determining when there is sufficient illumination for an optical device to operate having provision for compensating signal variations due to temperature-dependent operation of the photodiode by supplying logarithmic means with an input from a potentiometer connected to a temperature-dependent distributor circuit.

Abstract: A process for modifying structural profiles produced by polymerization or depolymerization in resist layers. As a function of the acoustic impedance of the substrate carrying the resist layer, the structures are irradiated with an ultrasonic beam. An ultrasonic beam for which the substrate represents a high impedance is used in order to enhance the contrast of the structures. An ultrasonic beam for which the substrate represents a low impedance is used to weaken the contrast. An acoustic microscope is especially suitable for carrying out the process.

Abstract: Polar structures in microscopic object areas, such as, for example, electric or magnetic dipoles, can be locally selectively detected with high resolution if either resonant ultrasonic waves are induced in the object area by a locally effective high-frequency field and are detected by means of a focused acoustic lens arrangement, or electric or magnetic high-frequency oscillations are induced in the object area by focused ultrasonic waves and are detected by an appropriate receiver. By comparing the phases and/or amplitudes of the induced and of the detected waves, these provide information on the existence and the direction of the dipoles. Existing dipole alignments can be made energetically unstable by a critical direct-current electric or magnetic field and locally selectively reversed by the focused ultrasonic beam.

Abstract: A circuit arrangement for separating high-frequency pulses produced successively in time at a piezoelectric transducer of an acoustic reflection lens arrangement. According to the invention, the transducer is preceded by a three-way pin switch, the common end of the wiper of which is connected to the acoustic lens, the other end of the wiper being alternately connected in a first position to the output of a transducer oscillator, in a second position to a 50-Ohm resistor, or in a third position to a measurement circuit.

Abstract: In a switching circuit for an electronic exposure meter in optical devices with a photoelectric converter at the input of an amplifier which logarithmizes the output current from said converter, with a temperature compensation circuit and a photoelectric current limit value circuit and with an indicator, a voltage supply source having a main switch, means are provided on the device for coupling to the main switch. These means effect automatic connection or disconnection of the switching circuit to or from the supply source.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for detecting the distance between an ultrasonic objective and an object to be imaged in order to prevent contact between the two. For this purpose, light rays, after entering into an immersion means (water) between the objective and the object, being reflected by the object, and emanating from the immersion means are fed through the ultrasonic objective to a photo-receiver and converted into electric signals. The front face of the lens body of the ultrasonic objective is provided with an opaque ring zone. This arrangement makes it possible simultaneously to illuminate the object.