Abstract: A compensating mechanism is provided on the leaf guide ring of a photographic objective for single-lens mirror reflex camera which opens to its largest value after a picture is taken in response to the hinge motion of the camera reflex mirror. The mechanism compensates for the advance of the diaphragm control lever on the camera side controlled by the reflex mirror.

Abstract: Device for the automatic transport of disk shaped objects from a discharge cassette adjustable in height through a position adjusting station to an inspection table and further into depository cassettes which are also adjustable in height in a step-wise manner. According to the invention, between the discharge cassette and the position adjusting station a linearly displaceable transport arm gripping the disk shaped objects eccentrically and between the position adjusting station and the inspection table a pivoting lever again gripping the disk shaped objects eccentrically, and within the working range of the pivoting lever additionally on a rotating plate a slide displaceable to and from in the radial direction and gripping the disk shaped objects eccentrically, are provided and the depository cassettes are arranged with their orifices at the circumference of the rotating disk.

Abstract: A device for checking the adjustment of the light source in an incident light microscope includes a centering cylinder having a configuration similar to an objective which is set into the revolving lens turret and can thus be moved into the path of the illuminating beam. The centering cylinder has a bottom plate with markings, for example, in the form of concentric rings and cross-hairs, located approximately in the rear focal plane of the lenses. The light source is thereby imaged on the markings. Observation is effected through an orifice in the jacket of the centering cylinder, which may be rotated around the optical axis. Focusing and adjustment may then be affected by adjusting the collecting lens and/or the lamp housing.

Abstract: The exposure meter is used in mirror reflex cameras wherein an image of an object projected by a picture taking lens onto an image plane is observed by means of a pentaprism through an ocular. For the purpose of the selective integral or spot exposure metering, a pentaprism (6) is provided at the lower edge of its exit surface with a partly transmitting concave mirror (16). The angles of the pentaprism (6) are selected so that a portion of the light flux leaving the exit pupil (EP) of the picture-taking lens (2) is incident on this concave mirror (16). A first photoelectric detector system is associated with the concave mirror (16) and a second detector system is associated with the prism surface (6c) following the concave mirror in the direction of the beam path, and the output signals from these detectors control a display and/or an exposure control. An additional optical component (13,14a,15b,15) is provided to implement a desired beam path in the pentaprism (6).

Abstract: An automatic focusing device for slide projectors in which at least one photo-electric receiver of the secondary projection device which determines the position of the slide generates, from a beam of light impinging upon the receiver, the error voltage controlling the focusing of the slide. The error voltage is fed into an electronic amplifier circuit of the focusing device, which contains manual facilities for refocusing the slide comprising primary switching elements which automatically apply the error voltage produced by the photoelectric receiver to the positioning motor for the focusing device, but only when this error voltage reaches a predetermined level.

Abstract: Device for the corrective compensation of the altering aperture error formed by varying the aperture stop in reproducing systems of image recording apparatus, for instance photographic cameras.The reproducing system (2,3,4) comprises at least one optical member (3,22) affecting the aperture error and displaceably supported along the optical axis (23) of the reproducing system (2,3,4) for varying its relative position with respect to the other components (2,4) of the reproducing system. Setting means (17,28) are further provided which as a function of the variation in the aperture stop displace the optical member (3,22) by an extent corresponding to a corrective compensating nominal value along the optical axis (23) of the reproducing system (2,3,4).

Abstract: A microtome actuable both manually and by a motor, with a single coupling element, whereby rotation of the hand wheel when the motor drive is engaged and thus the risk of injury by the manual grip are excluded. The coupling element is located in the hand wheel and is capable of locking in two positions by means of pulling and rotating, the respective positions establishing the manual or motor drive mode. The drive mode is made readily apparent from the outside by means of symbols. In the hand wheel, an equalizing weight for the object carriage is provided.

Abstract: A universal revolving stage for microscopes having glass segments mounted in an upper and a lower segment mountings serves in particular to conduct crystal-optical investigations. Because of the differential thickness of the specimens to be examined, there is provided a height adjustment of the segment mountings by means of adjusting means actuated from above, in the form of a pinion. The adjusting means is rotated by a knurled knob which can be inserted into it, and it engages the internal teeth of an adjusting ring which has an adjusting thread. Upon rotation of the pinion and thus of the adjusting ring, the lower segment mounting is screwed upwardly or downwardly, and it carries with it the upper segment mounting which is centered by guides in the lower mounting.

Abstract: A device for effecting exact scanning of an object along a path extending in a predetermined coordinate direction has two rigidly connected drivers acting in opposite directions with respect to each other. One of the drivers is operatively connected to impart oscillating motion to a scanner carrier suspended on springs, and the other driver is connected to impart oscillating motion to a counterweight suspended on springs, with the weight of the counterweight being substantially equal to the scanner carrier plus the scanner. The guiding device also has a control circuit for controlling the movements of the scanner carrier and counterweight to be in opposite directions so as to counterbalance dynamic movements in the scanning device. Linear guide elements are provided guiding the scanner carrier and means are provided for laterally displacing the scanning line of the scanner.

Abstract: An auditory ossicle prosthesis is described, comprising a plate (1), a shaft (2) applied eccentrically to the underside (3) of the plate and a groove (7) set into the top side (8) of the plate. The plate (1) has a mirror symmetric configuration with respect to at least one symmetry plane (5) perpendicular to the plane of the plate (8). The shaft (2) is applied so that its contact surface (4) is located on the trace (5) of the (principal) symmetry plane (5) of the plate (1), but at least removed from the boundary area of the plate (1) by one half of the shaft cross section. Preferably, the axis (9) of the shaft (2) includes with the normal (10) of the underside (3) of the plate an angle .alpha. of the order of magnitude of .alpha.=15.degree..+-.5.degree.. The groove (7) is arranged in the top side (8) of the plate, in its front half and aligned perpendicularly to the symmetry plane (5) of the prosthesis. The prosthesis may consist of a single piece or of two pieces. It consists of a bioactive material.

Abstract: A spherically concave frontal surface of an acoustic lens in an acoustic microscope is cleaned and wetted by directing a stream of a cleaning and wetting liquid, slightly larger in diameter than the concave surface, against the concave frontal surface of the lens.

Abstract: Disclosed is a device for the photoelectric determination of the position of a focal plane of an image with an optical correlator. The invention comprises an imaging system, a grating structure located in the focal plane of the imaging system to function as a spatial frequency filter and a photoelectric receiver system. Light fluxes originating from an unknown object pass through the imaging system, and are modulated by the spatial frequency filter with the resulting light fluxes being converted into a display or control signal. The device includes an optical sensor for responding to mechanical or thermal variations which could affect the light fluxes of the optical correlator and which produces a display or correction signal. The device may be equipped with photoelectric receiver means sensitive to light in different spectral ranges and have means to selectively insert one or the other of the photoelectric receiver means into the optical correlator system.

Abstract: Disclosed is a traversing microtome having a base (10) and a movable carriage (13). A blade holder (12) with a blade (16) is mounted on the base (10), and an object holder (14) is mounted on the carriage (13). To carry out the cutting process, the carriage (13), together with the object holder (14) and the object (15), is moved against the stationary blade (16). Between the guide rails (18,18') of the base (10) and the carriage (13) a bearing gap (30) with a width of a few microns is created by means of air bearing elements (21,21'), and consequently only a minimal force is required to move the slide (13). Between the air bearing elements (21,21'), magnets (22,22') are arranged so that their attracting forces act against the air pressure of the air bearing elements. In this manner, the force needed to arrest the motion of the carriage (13) at any given location of the guide rails (18,18') is extremely low. The carriage (13) cannot be moved when the supply of air is interrupted.

Abstract: Apparatus for sensing test values at test samples which uses an elastically supported mechanical sensor (3) moving relative to test samples (4) and at least one test value transmitter (11) with counter (9) detecting the relative motion between the sensor (3) and the test samples. At the instant of impact between sensor (3) and the test samples (4), a signal is generated which is used to store the test value present at the test value transmitter (11) at the instant of impact between the sensor (3) and the test samples (4) into a memory (13a,13b). The sensor consists of one part (2') which is fixed to the housing and other part (2") which is movable with respect to the fixed one. An oscillation or acceleration pickup (10) is mounted externally to the moving part (3) and generates the signal required to store the test value.A circuit (14) is provided to the oscillation or acceleration pickup (10) to distinguish between actual sensing signals and spurious ones.

Abstract: Disclosed is a reflex camera having a range finder assembly consisting of a focussing disk, field lens, pentaprism and eyepiece and having an electronic range finder wherein the imaging lens of the reflex camera projects an image of the object to be photographed onto a grating which is arranged in an image plane of the imaging objective lens and which acts as a spatial frequency filter. This image is projected through the pentaprism by means of a fully reflecting concave mirror ground onto the lower edge of the exit surface of the pentaprism. A photoelectric receiver system is associated with the grating, and a reflecting grooved grating is provided as the spatial frequency filter. The groove plane is arranged parallel or obliquely with respect to the image plane, so that the partial beams created by the splitting of the principal beam on the reflecting grooved grating are reflected back in the direction of the top edge surfaces of the pentaprism.

Abstract: A device for focusing an optical system which consists essentially of a guide cylinder and a coaxial tube guided inside or onto the cylinder and containing at least a portion of an optical system. The guide cylinder and the tube are relatively displaced by a rotational motion converted into a linear motion for the purpose of focusing.The relative displacement between the guide cylinder and tube components (1,2) of the device are produced according to principles practised with ball thread spindles. For complying thereto each component is provided with a guide groove (3,4) helically winding around the axis of rotation (5) of each component (1,2). One of the components (1,2) is provided with a return channel (6) connecting at least two consecutive turns of the guide groove (3).

Abstract: A mirror relex camera having a single objective and a horizontal optical axis passing through the objective. A viewer system consisting of a focusing screen, a field lens, a pentaprism and an eyepiece is located sequentially along the optical axis. A fully specular concave mirror ground on the lower edge of the exit surface of the pentaprism projects an image of an object to be photographed from the picture-taking objective of the mirror reflex camera through the pentaprism onto a grating acting as a spatial frequency filter which is followed by a photoelectric detector system. The grating is located in the focal plane of the concave mirror. An optical wedge (13) defining a measuring spot of the viewer is provided in the plane of the focusing screen and deflects one part (14) of the viewer beam so that in the vicinity of the eyepiece (6) of the viewer (in the vicinity of the concave mirror (7c) two mutually vertically offset and overlapping pupil images (AP', AP") are generated.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for testing the correspondence of the line of sight of optical instruments with the target line of weapons. A predetermined measuring field and a photoelectric line-type sensor are used. The nominal positions of the lines of sight and of the target lines relative to each other are stored as coordinates in a long-time memory. Simultaneously a nominal reference point as the origin of the coordinate system stored in the long-time memory is determined.

Abstract: In a mirror reflex camera (1) having a viewer system consisting of a focusing screen (4), a field lens (5) a pentaprism (7) and an ocular (6) and with an electronic range finder (9, 10a10n), an optical means (11) defining a measuring spot is arranged in the plane of the focusing screen for the purpose of splitting the exit pupil (AP) of the picture-taking objective (2). This optical means is a clear-glass wedge and splits a partial beam (12) off the viewer beam (8). This partial beam serves to generate, upon its reflection from the surfaces 7b and 7a of the pentaprism (7) and from the concave mirror 7d ground on the lower edge of the exit side 7c, an image (B") of the object onto the lens elements 10a-10n of the array (9)of photoelectric detectors.