Abstract: The operation of a hydrocarbon synthesis reactor and catalyst distributed in the reaction slurry therein are improved by the presence in said reactor of one or more vertical downcomers open at both ends with gas disengaging areas located at their top end. The downcomer which circulates catalyst from the top of the reaction slurry to the bottom of said slurry is fully immersed in the reaction slurry and preferably extends from just above the bottom of the reaction zone of the reaction vessel to just below the top surface of the reaction slurry. The bottom end of said downcomer is shielded from intrusion of rising synthesis gas by the placement of a baffle which blocks rising gas entry but facilitates the exit of catalyst and liquid from the bottom of said downcomer and distributes them radially throughout the adjacent reactor slurry.

Abstract: The present invention is a rare-earth exchanged form of zeolite Q, which shows high thermal stability, and properties characteristic of a 12-ring zeolite structure.

Abstract: The present invention provides a cylindrical reactor vessel having a top end with an inlet and a bottom end with an outlet end. A refractory insulating lining is applied on the interior of the wall of the vessel. A cylindrical vertically disposed first inner basket having a generally closed top first end and an open second end in communication with the outlet conduit and having fluid pervious sidewalls surrounded by a vertically disposed outer cylindrical second basket defining a space therebetween for containment of subdivided contact material. The cylindrical second basket also has a top end, which is closed, and fluid pervious sidewalls. The cylindrical second basket is spaced away from the refractory lining of the vessel at a sufficient distance, to provide an annular space for fluid, admitted through the inlet, to progress downwardly through the annular space and then radially inwardly through the contact material contained in the space between the first and second basket.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system for fluid catalytic cracking. The system includes a method and means for decreasing and increasing the slip velocity of a hydrocarbon reaction stream to further enhance catalytic cracking of the hydrocarbon within the reaction stream. The system also allows for control of residence time within both a riser and a collection and velocity reducing means to provide for more complete cracking of the hydrocarbon without leading to additional coking of the catalytic cracking catalyst.

Abstract: A two stage process for reforming a naphtha feed at low severities with tin modified platinum-iridium catalysts. In particular, both high selectivity, and high activity are manifested by such catalysts in reforming a naphtha feed at low severities in a first fixed-bed reforming stage which is comprised of a series of reforming zones, or reactors; i.e., within the dehydrogenation and ring isomerization zones of a reforming unit. The first stage zones are charged with a tin-containing platinum-iridium catalyst, and the naphtha feed reformed to produce an intermediate RON clear C.sub.5 + liquid reformate. The intermediate octane product of the first reforming stage is passed to a second stage which is comprised of one or more moving-bed reforming zones, or reactors, which are operated in a continuous catalyst regeneration mode with platinum containing catalyst.

Abstract: A method for preparing unsymmetrical dialkyl ethers and derivatives thereof. The ethers are prepared by reacting a C.sub.1 to C.sub.3 aliphatic alcohol with a tertiary alcohol in the presence of a novel catalyst comprised of a transition metal pillared interlayered clay having generally separated layers wherein the interlayer distances are substantially greater than a precursor of the same but non-separated clay and wherein the product includes multimetallic pillars comprised of a cationic polymeric complex of the formula:Al.sup.iv (Al.sub.12-x M.sub.x).sup.vi O.sub.4 (OH).sub.24.sup.a+where x is a number from 1 to 6; a depends on the selection of M and N; N is selected from Al.sup.3+, Si.sup.4+, Ga.sup.3+, Ge.sup.4+, As.sup.5+, P.sup.5+, Cr.sup.3+, Fe.sup.3+, V.sup.5+, Ru.sup.3+, Ru.sup.4+, N.sup.3+ ; and M is selected from a metal from Groups 5B, 6B, 7B and 8 of the 4th, 5th and 6th Periods of the Periodic Table of the Elements.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for preparing novel hydrophobically associating polymers containing cationic functionality which are useful for clean-up of waste waters containing organic contaminants. These water soluble polymers contain both water soluble and water insoluble monomers. The water soluble monomers are acrylamide (AM) and a salt of an unsaturated amine base (C), and the water insoluble monomer is a higher alkyl(meth)acrylamide or alkyl(meth)acrylate (R). These polymers are referred to as CRAM. The process relies on the dissolution of the water insoluble monomer(s) into an aqueous solution of water soluble monomers by means of a water miscible mutual cosolvent.

Abstract: Disclosed is a fluid catalytic cracking system in which the catalytic cracking reaction takes place in a dilute phase, and the reaction product contains a reduced volume of off gas having a low concentration of SO.sub.x and NO.sub.x. The use of off gas, which is produced during a regeneration step, to strip entrained vapor from spent catalytic cracking catalyst acts to reduce SO.sub.x and NO.sub.x byproducts, and eliminates the need to separately recover and treat the off gas stream from the regenerator portion of the system. The entire process, including the reaction step, the stripping step and the regeneration step, can be performed in a single non-partitioned vessel.

Abstract: An improved lubricating oil composition having a low coefficient of friction and reduced copper corrosion comprising (a) lubricating oil basestock, (b) 0.01 to less than 0.2% by weight, based on the oil composition, of at least one organomolybdenum compound selected from the group consisting of sulfurized oxymolybdenum dithiocarbamate and sulfurized oxymolybdenum organophosphorodithioate; and (c) from 0.5 to 7% by weight, based on the oil composition, of at least one organozinc compound selected from the group consisting of zinc dithiophosphate and zinc dithiocarbamate.

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition having improved antiwear, antioxidancy and fuel economy properties which comprises a hydroisomerized wax basestock and an alkoxylated amine salt of a dihydrocarbyldithiophosphoric acid of the formula ##STR1## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently hydrocarbyl groups having from 3 to 30 carbon atoms, R.sup.3 is a hydrocarbyl group of 2 to 22 carbon atoms, x and y are each independently integers from 1 to 15 with the proviso that the sum of x+y is from 2 to 20.

Abstract: A catalytic cracking process and apparatus wherein particles of cracking catalyst circulate continuously between a reaction zone and a regeneration zone and hot regenerated catalyst from the regeneration zone contacts hydrocarbon feed in the reaction zone to produce cracked hydrocarbon products and spent catalyst. The spent catalyst is recovered and subjected to stripping in a stripping zone to remove strippable material therefrom. The stripped spent catalyst is circulated to the regeneration zone for oxidative exothermic regeneration. Some hot regenerated catalyst is passed directly from the regenerator to the stripping zone via a conduit provided for this purpose. Another hydrocarbon stream is passed into contact with the hot regenerated catalyst in this conduit. The said other hydrocarbon stream is converted to products of enhanced value (e.g., olefins) during contact with catalyst in the conduit, and the said products are recovered.

Abstract: Disclosed in this invention are novel road paving binder compositions and the method of making same. The compositions are made by combining an asphalt that contains sulfonate or sulfonic acid groups, a polymer preferably of butyl rubbers, styrene-butadiene linear diblock polymer, styrene-butadiene-styrene linear or radial triblock polymer and EPDM that has been sulfonated, and mixtures thereof, and a basic neutralizing agent that contains cations having a valence from +1 to +3. The amounts of each are effective to allow formation of one continuous phase or two interdispersed phases that do not segregate on standing at elevated temperatures associated with road paving. The amount of polymer is an amount less than 7 wt. % of total polymer-asphalt composition that is sufficient to produce an asphaltic composition having a viscosity at 135.degree. C. in the range of from about 150 cPs to about 2000 cPs or from about 3000 cPs to about 8000 cPs.

Abstract: The present invention is a method for optimally operating a three phase slurry bubble column. The constituents of the three phases, gas, liquid, and solids, are determined by the chemical reaction in the column. The method includes injecting the gas phase into the column with an appropriate velocity so that the solid phase is fluidized while still maintaining "plug flow" over the column length.

Abstract: A process utilizing a particulate catalyst, or particulate catalyst admixed with particulate heat transfer solids for conducting high temperature fluidized bed syn gas operations. Hydrogen and carbon monoxide are produced from a low molecular weight hydrocarbon by contact thereof, at high temperature in the presence of oxygen, or steam and oxygen, with a fluidized bed comprising said particulate solids. In one of its forms, barium hexaluminate is employed as a heat transfer solid, in concentrations ranging generally from about 10 wt. % to about 99.9 wt. %, in admixture with a particulate catalyst containing a metal, or metals, component catalytic for the production of hydrogen and carbon monoxide from low molecular weight hydrocarbons contacted with a fluidized bed of the catalyst at high temperature hydrothermal conditions. The catalyst, suitably one having a barium hexaluminate carrier component, is employed in concentration ranging generally from about 0.1 wt. % to about 90 wt. %.

Abstract: A process for producing zeolite aggregates involves providing a formable paste composed of zeolite, a binder composed of an organic/metal oxide containing aluminum, a peptizing agent and water; forming the paste into an aggregate, preferably by extruding into an extrudate; curing the aggregate; hydro-thermally calcining the aggregate; and washing the hydro-thermally calcined aggregate with a washing medium, preferably followed by rinsing with a rinsing medium to remove residual washing medium from the aggregate. The washed and rinsed aggregate may then be permitted to equilibrate or is subjected to a drying procedure. Preferably, the washed and rinsed aggregate is again subjected to curing/hydro-thermal calcining.

Abstract: The present invention provides an improvement in separating a mixture of two distinct fluid phases of the same or different materials, one dispersed in the other, by ejecting a flowing stream of the mixed fluid phases from a conduit and then deflecting the ejected stream radially outwardly whereby centrifugal and gravitational forces cause the flowing stream to separate with the less dense phase of the two phases forming a top layer and the more dense phase forming a bottom layer and thereafter directing the more dense phase to flow into a conduit leading to a separate chamber.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a novel catalyst composition and its use in the dehydrogenation of paraffins to olefins. The catalyst comprises an alloy of a Group VIII noble metal and a metal selected from the group consisting of zinc and gallium on a support selected from the group consisting of silica, zinc oxide modified silica and zinc oxide modified silica-pillared clays when said alloy is a zinc alloy, and silica, gallium oxide modified silica and gallium oxide modified silica-pillared clays when said alloy is a gallium alloy. The instant catalyst is an active and selective catalyst for the catalytic dehydrogenation of paraffins to olefins, especially gaseous paraffins, having the added benefit of retaining high activity and selectivity even following repeated regeneration by calcination in oxygen containing gas at temperatures of 450.degree. C. to 650.degree. C., preferably 450.degree. C. to 500.degree. C.

Abstract: The invention is a process for the aqueous conversion and upgrading of organic resource materials carried out by contacting organic resource materials selected from the group consisting of coal, shale, coal liquids, shale oil, and bitumen with liquid water in the absence of externally supplied hydrogen or reducing agents, controlling the temperature in the range from above about 200.degree. C. to below the critical temperature of water to maintain water in a liquid phase, wherein the pressure is the corresponding vapor pressure (autogenous pressure) of the system, for a time sufficient to effect the conversion and upgrading process. Additionally, the contacting may be conducted in the presence of a catalyst selected from the group consisting of a brine catalyst, clay catalyst and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A compacted, single phase or multiphase composite article. Particles for use in the compacted article are produced by providing a precursor compound containing at least one or at least two metals and a coordinating ligand. The compound is heated to remove the coordinating ligand therefrom and increase the surface area thereof. It may then be reacted so that at least one metal forms a metal-containing compound. The particles may be consolidated to form a compacted article, and for this purpose may be used in combination with graphite or diamonds. The metal-containing compound may be a nonmetallic compound including carbides, nitrides and carbonitrides of a refractory metal, such as tungsten. The metal-containing compound may be dispersed in a metal matrix, such as iron, nickel or cobalt. The dispersed nonmetallic compound particles are no larger than about 0.1 micron in particle size and have a volume fraction greater than about 0.15 within the metal matrix.

Abstract: The resistance of in-tank fuel pump copper commutators to become excessively worn by exposure to petroleum fuels containing at least 10 mg/liter of elemental sulfur is substantially increased by the addition of at least about 5 mg/liter of an organomercaptan, compound and at least about 25 mg/liter of a copper metal deactivator capable of forming a sulfur - resistant barrier coating on the copper commutator, to produce a novel fuel composition.