Abstract: A semiconductor memory device includes ferroelectric memory cells, cell transistors connected between first nodes of the memory cells and data transfer lines, the memory cells and the cell transistors being grouped into units each corresponding to one or more column addresses, global word lines, one of which is activated in response to selection of a corresponding row address, global plate lines, one of which is activated in response to selection of the corresponding row address, local word lines, each of which is provided and dedicated for a corresponding one of the units, and is connected to gates of the cell transistors, local plate lines, each of which is provided and dedicated for a corresponding one of the units, and is connected to second nodes of the memory cells, and a unit switch circuit which electrically connects the activated one of the global word lines to one of the local word lines in a selected one of the units so as to achieve the same potential therebetween, and electrically connects the ac

Abstract: A communication device wherein path selection is performed taking account of the conditions of individual paths on a network. Storing means stores information relating to a plurality of paths, and selecting means selects the information relating to one of the paths stored in the storing means. Packet generating means generates a packet with a header matching the information relating to the path selected by the selecting means, and transmitting means transmits the packet generated by the packet generating means.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device of the present invention has a structure in which vertically aligned liquid crystal is sealed between a TFT substrate and a CF substrate. Pixel electrodes in which slits are provided are formed on the TFT substrate, while cell gap holding spacers and domain defining projections are formed on the CF substrate. For example, positive type photoresist is coated on a common electrode. Then, first exposure is executed by using a mask for light-shielding spacer forming regions and projection forming regions, and then second exposure is executed by using a mask for light-shielding the spacer forming regions. Then, the photoresist is developed. Accordingly, the spacers and the projections, each having a different height, can be formed simultaneously.

Abstract: It is an exemplified object of the present invention to provide an electronic apparatus that easily and inexpensively prevents electronic components from being destroyed by electrostatic discharge, and has high durability and reliability. The inventive electronic apparatus is an electronic apparatus which a storage medium is inserted into and ejected from through an opening, and includes a conductive member disposed around the storage medium that is inserted, and an insulating member provided at least near the opening on a surface of the conductive member facing the storage medium.

Abstract: A speech recognition system recognizes voices from sequence data which is expected to be input in a regular, predetermined order. The speech recognition system includes a unit generating a recognition reference word by adding items of dummy data to each item of the sequence data, and a unit recognizing and outputting from among a set of recognition reference words that recognition reference word which is the most similar to an externally input voice. The recognition reference word is output as a recognized result on the basis of a feature of the input voice. Moreover, the dummy data are neighboring data which lie in a neighborhood of all items of the sequence data, thus forming the set of recognition reference words available for speech recognition.

Abstract: A display control system for a videoconference terminal capable of displaying proper images of participants. A video camera captures wide-angle source pictures including the images of participants. The source pictures are sent to a participant position detector and image clipping unit. The participant position detector detects a participant position by examining the source pictures. Depending on the on-screen movement observed in the participant position detected by the participant position detector, the image clipping unit determines an appropriate clipping window. It clips the desired image out of the source pictures as defined by the clipping window. A screen adjustment unit adjusts the image size so that it will fit to the actual screen size.

Abstract: A communication management apparatus and recording medium which manages positions in the real world in connection with virtual spaces in a virtual world that correspond to these positions; which makes, while maintaining a substitute join either of the virtual spaces of the virtual world, the substitute in the virtual world move to follow the physical movement of a communicating person who moved to another place; and which displays the destination of the substitute of the communicating person in the virtual world or the destination of the communicating person in the real world, whereby a communicating person who wishes to communicate with another person physically moved, is able to know the destination of the substitute which moved in the virtual world to follow the physical movement of the other person, or the physical movement destination of the other person and is also able to communicate with the other person through designating the substitute of the other person who physically moved as the partner for com

Abstract: A contour emphasizing circuit is provided with a Y-signal generating circuit (36) which generates luminance signals from digital R, G, and B signals, a contour extracting circuit (38) which extracts contour components from the generated Y-signal, a coefficient multiplying circuit (42) which outputs contour components for R, G, and B by multiplying the extracted contour components by coefficients Kr, Kg, and Kb, addition circuits (34r, 34g, and 34b), and a contour emphasis enabling circuit (39) which controls the period for which contour components extracted by the extracting circuit (38) arc supplied. Therefore, the contour emphasizing circuit prevents process errors in the peripheral portion of the screen of a display.

Abstract: A local region image tracking apparatus continuously tracks an arbitrary local region within a search image which is described by search image data by comparing the search image data and reference image data related to the arbitrary local region having a size of am pixels by bn pixels with respect to input image data, where the search image has a size larger than am pixels by bn pixels, and a, b, m and n are natural numbers.

Abstract: An IC card-type radio communication device includes a main body of equipment, a storage unit, a sound input unit, a sound output unit and a modulation-demodulation unit. The main body of equipment has an interface which is in accordance with a predetermined standard and forms a physical shape which is in accordance with the standard. The main body of equipment is inserted into an entry installed on an external terminal unit. The storage unit is installed on the main body of equipment and stores an attribute information and an information necessary for data communication with the terminal unit. The sound input unit inputs a sound signal when a conversation is executed and the sound output unit outputs the sound signal.

Abstract: A yield rate and a throughput of a semiconductor device can be increased when a large-diameter wafer having a reduced thickness is used. The semiconductor device is produced by using a wafer having a front surface on which circuits are formed and a back surface opposite to the front surface. A protective tape is applied to the front surface of the wafer. The wafer is mounted to a dicing tape via the protective tape, the dicing tape being spread on a wafer frame having a size larger than a diameter of the wafer. The back surface of the wafer is ground while the wafer is mounted on the dicing tape. The wafer is diced, after the wafer is ground, while the wafer is mounted on the dicing tape so as to form the semiconductor device by full-dicing.

Abstract: A transmission system for transmitting a data signal with an analog passband signal through a analog transmission line. The data signal is transformed to a signal representing a descrete data signal point in a vector signal space. The analog passband signal is transformed to a base band signal, and the base band signal is superimposed on the signal representing a descrete data signal point. A signal representing the superimposed data signal point is modulated and transmitted through the analog transmission line. In a receiver, the data signal point is decided from the signal representing the superimposed data signal point, and the superimposed bass band signal is extracted by subtracting the decided result from the signal representing the superimposed data signal point. The base band signal is transformed to the analog passband signal. A portion of information carried by the analog passband signal may be converted to a digital signal, and the digital signal is multiplexed with the data signal.

Abstract: A surface discharge type plasma display panel(PDP) includes a pair of front and rear substrates (11, 21) with a discharge space (30) therebetween and a plurality of pair display electrodes on internal surface of either the front or rear substrate. The display electrodes are extending along each display line L. The PDP further includes a light shielding film (45), having a belt shape extending along the display line direction, formed on either internal or outer surface of the front substrate (11) to overlap each area S2 between the adjacent display lines L and sandwiched between the display electrodes X and Y.

Abstract: The reduction of electrical noise in a high voltage distribution path of a high density flash memory device is disclosed. High voltage brought on-chip from an external power source is transmitted over separate isolated voltage distribution paths to a voltage generator circuit. The voltage generator pumps up the voltage of one of the voltage paths and uses the pumped up voltage to control the distribution of the voltage from the other voltage path, whereby electrical noise from the voltage pump is isolated from the distributed voltage.

Abstract: A high speed A/D converter includes a series of encoder sections for converting a thermometer code to a gray code and an error signal production section for detecting a babble error in the gray code and generating an error signal indicating such a babble error. An error correction section corrects babble errors in the gray code in response to the error signal. The corrected gray code is then converted to a binary code with a gray code to binary code converter. When the high speed A/D converter is incorporated in a semiconductor device, the A/D converter may be tested using a sampling clock having a phase which varies successively with respect to the input analog signal to sample the analog signal, and then evaluating the corresponding generated digital signal.

Abstract: The present invention provides a semiconductor memory device that performs a burn-in test. The device includes word lines, pairs of bit lines, memory cells, sense amplifiers connected to the pairs of bit lines for amplifying a potential difference between the associated pair of bit lines, and a burn-in test control circuit for providing a stress voltage to the plurality of word lines and the pairs of bit lines to perform a burn-in test based on the burn-in control signal The burn-in test control circuit includes a potential difference setting circuit for selecting one of the first word lines so to generate a potential difference between at least one of the pairs of bit lines. The sense amplifiers amplify the potential difference to provide the stress voltage between the word lines and the associated pair of bit lines and between the bit lines of that pair.

Abstract: In a flat display device having a pair of substrates for defining a gas discharge space in which a gas used to generate discharge luminance is sealed, means for absorbing or reflecting near infrared rays is included.

Abstract: A conductive film made of Al or alloy containing Al as a main component is formed on an underlying substrate. An upper conductive film is disposed on the conductive film. A first opening is formed through the upper conductive film. An insulating film is disposed on the upper conductive film. A second opening is formed through the insulating film. An inner wall of the second opening is retreated from an inner wall of the first opening. An ITO film is formed covering a partial upper surface of the insulating film and inner surfaces of the first and second openings, and contacting a partial upper surface of the upper conductive film at a region inside of the second opening. Good electrical contact between an Al or Al alloy film and an ITO film can be established and productivity can be improved.

Abstract: If all colors of a picture obtained by a first color picture device cannot be outputted from a second color picture device, a plurality of color data which are outside the gamut of the second color picture device and are inside the gamut of the first color picture device are converted so as to preserve correspondence regarding both the lightness value and the saturation value. Furthermore, if, since an equi-hue line has distortion, the tone of a color represented by color data is changed by conversion, the hue angle of the color data is rotated and converted. In picture data, color data for the color of paper or the color of a picture digitally generated have extreme values, and errors occur when the data are converted. In this case, data around the color data in a color conversion table are modified to obtain a desirable conversion result.

Abstract: A fault recovery system of a ring network based on a synchronous transport module transmission system, having a fault data writing unit for writing, when an input fault is detected by a node, fault data in a predetermined user byte in an overhead of a frame flowing through both a working line and a protection line running in opposite directions to each other. By detecting the fault data in a supervision node or a node just before the fault position, the supervision node or the node just before the fault position executes a loopback operation.