Abstract: A semiconductor memory device, which refreshes memory cells to retain data, has a first refresh mode and a second refresh mode. The first refresh mode is a mode for refreshing all of the memory cells, and the second refresh mode is a mode for refreshing a part of the memory cells. By refreshing only designated areas where data must be retained, power consumption in a refresh operation can be reduced, drastically cutting power consumption in a power-down mode.

Abstract: An optical transmitting apparatus used in an optical communicating system in an optical communication network using a broad-band characteristic of fibers, which can transmit wavelength division multiplexed optical signals over the optical communication network, has an optical signal generating unit for generating optical signals for the respective plural opposite apparatus by using a combination of p (p; an integer not less than 2) wavelengths set in advance for each of the plural opposite apparatus, and a wavelength division multiplexing transmitting unit for wavelength division multiplexing the optical signals generated by the optical signal generating unit and transmitting the optical signals, thereby accommodating subscriber terminals larger in number than the number of times of wavelength division multiplexing while realizing privacy protection.

Abstract: A library apparatus includes an accessor robot and a flat cable connected to the accessor robot. The flat cable has an outer check line and an inner check line each formed of a conductor. Breaks in each of the outer check line and the inner check line are detected to identify wear on the flat cable, and prevent sudden failure of the library apparatus.

Abstract: A divisible stocker capable of housing a plurality of CDs is arranged in an enclosure of an autochanger apparatus. A rack mounting a PU unit, which is a reproduction head of a CD is arranged between the stocker and an opening of the enclosure. Transfer means for transferring the CD between the opening and the stocker is also mounted on the rack. The rack is vertically movable. When reproducing a CD, selecting any of the CDs in the stocker at first, turning a feed screw in a state where a pawl of a dividing sliding member is positioned below any of dividing projections arranged at corresponding position on the both sides of the stocker, causing a PU unit to advance into a space formed by raising the stockers above the selected CD, dividing the same and causing an upward displacement thereof, attaching the CD on a turntable of the PU unit by lowering the divided stocker, and transferring the CD to the turntable by displacement means which causes the PU unit to return to the PLAY position.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device capable of conducting test operations includes a plurality of word drivers which keep word lines in an active state when the word drivers are selected until the word drivers are reset. The semiconductor memory device further includes a control circuit which successively selects more than one of the plurality of word drivers so as to achieve simultaneous activation of word lines corresponding to selected ones of the plurality of word drivers during the test operations.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus for retouching a digital image by replacing a pixel value in a retouching range by a pixel value of a partial image at an initial position of a cursor, for example, by moving the cursor, and drawing the partial image at the cursor portion repeatedly in other parts.

Abstract: For handling data having a fixed-order context, a data compression system uses a pipeline control unit to enable an occurrence frequency modeling unit and entropy coding unit to operate in pipelining. A data restoration system uses a pipeline control unit to enable an entropy decoding unit and occurrence frequency modeling unit to operate in pipelining. For handling data having a blend context, occurrence frequency modeling units associated with orders are operated in parallel for data compression or data restoration. Furthermore, word data is separated byte by byte, and byte data items are encoded or restored on the basis of the correlation thereof in a word-stream direction.

Abstract: An IC card is issued from a retail trade to a consumer. The consumer withdraws a necessary money amount from an own bank account and stores into the issued IC card. At the same time, the same money amount as the withdrawal money amount of the consumer is transferred to a bank account of the retail trade. Further, when the consumer buys goods from the retail trade or receives a presentation of a service, a requested money amount is paid by using the IC card.

Abstract: A semiconductor device of the present invention comprises a gate insulating layer made of a oxynitride formed on a semiconductor substrate, a gate electrode formed on the gate insulating layer, source/drain regions formed in the semiconductor substrate on both sides of the gate electrode and including impurity, and a oxynitride insulating layer covering the source/drain regions on a surface of the semiconductor substrate and having nitrogen concentration distribution which is different from that of the gate insulating layer along a film thickness direction.

Abstract: A computer-aided logic circuit designing apparatus in which data on a plurality of circuits is stored in a database, the data on a plurality of circuits is read out therefrom and combined by a net list-RTL description combining section, a clock system portion is analyzed based on the logic circuit obtained by combining the data by a clock system analyzing section, and a result of the analysis is displayed by an analysis result display section correlating each type of clock system to a corresponding clock input element.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes the first through third semiconductor devices which are stacked on a substrate and the first through third wires for connecting the semiconductor elements and the substrate. The first wires serve to connect electrodes of the first semiconductor element positioned uppermost and electrodes of the second semiconductor element. The second wires serve to connect the electrodes of the second semiconductor element and electrodes of the third semiconductor element. The third wires serve to connect the electrodes of the third semiconductor element and bonding pads of the substrate. Between the first wires and the electrodes of the second semiconductor element and between the second wires and the electrodes of the third semiconductor element, stud bumps are provided so as to form space therebetween, thereby avoiding short-circuits therebetween.

Abstract: An article retrieval support apparatus which is capable of limiting the number of identification data of articles among which retrieval is to be executed through displaying images of the identification data of the articles at varied transparency rates or miniaturizing rates corresponding to the novelty of the article or attribute data of the article such as repute of the article.

Abstract: An optical circuit system which takes out at least a portion of the light of a light power source corresponding to at least one type of output voltage of an IC, board, multichip module, electronic element, or opto-electronic element and produces an optical signal, wherein the light power source is an optical waveguide into which light has been introduced, a waveguide laser, or a waveguide optical amplifier, light reflecting portions are provided at its ends and/or middle, a signal transmission waveguide is formed in contact with the side surface and/or top or bottom surface of the optical waveguide or in proximity to the same at a certain distance, and the optical signal corresponding to at least one type of output voltage of the IC, board, multichip module, electronic element, or opto-electronic element is made to propagate to the signal transmission waveguide, which optical circuit system is rich in flexibility and enables complicated optical interconnections to be handled, and components of the same.

Abstract: An AC type plasma display panel having a first and a second electrode, each extending along a line direction and aligning along a row direction across a discharge gap therebetween, where is formed a display discharge cell. A third electrode extends along the row direction and intersects the first and second electrodes. Thus a display matrix is formed with the lines and the rows, and an address discharge cell is formed with the second electrode and the third electrode. Each of the first and second electrodes comprises a laminate of an electrically conductive transparent film stripe having a first side distant from the discharge gap and a second side near to the discharge gap with a metal film stripe thereon. A width of the metal film stripe is narrower than a width of the transparent film stripe. The metal film stripe has a third side distant from the discharge gap, and a fourth side near to the discharge gap.

Abstract: Disclosed is a database management control system based on the client/server architecture including a client process operating on a client machine and a server process operating on a server machine, which prevents resources from remaining allocated without being properly relinquished. When a client makes a request for connection to the server, a starting order identifier notifying device notifies the server process of a starting order identifier indicating the starting order of an operating system on which the client process operates. An executing entity search device of the server process searches for executing entities under control of an executing entity control device, which are correlated to the same network address as a network address of the client machine on which the client process operates.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a F-doped interlayer insulation film and a high-refractive index insulation film having a refractive index higher than a refractive index of the F-doped interlayer insulation film, such that the high-refractive index insulation film is disposed at least one of a top side and a bottom side of the F-doped interlayer insulation film.

Abstract: A magnetic head supporting mechanism includes a head positioning actuator having an arm, and a load beam connected to the arm. The load beam has a gimbal. The gimbal includes a magnetic head slider fixing portion on which a magnetic head slider having a magnetic head is mounted, a first pair of beams extending from opposite sides of the magnetic head slider fixing portion along a traverse direction of the load beam perpendicular to a longitudinal direction thereof, and a second pair of beams respectively connected to the first pair of beams and extending so as to face the opposite sides of the magnetic head slider fixing portion.

Abstract: A memory device (100) includes a core cell array (102), a sense amplifier circuit (110), data lines (120), each having a length. The memory device further includes bit lines (118) extending from the core cell array and a selection circuit (106) configured to selectively couple a bit line to a data line in response to an input address. Bias circuits (130) are distributed along the length of the data lines and are configured to apply an initial voltage to the data line, reducing the read access time of the memory device. The bias circuits 130 may be positioned to accommodate varying lengths of the data lines and varying capacitance of the data lines.

Abstract: A display device including liquid crystal display panels, arrays of convergently transmissive elements for forming an erect and real image, and fresnel lenses for magnifying the image. The configured surface of the fresnel lens is arranged on the light incident side. The configured surface includes periodic ridges with flat crests and inclined surfaces. Shading layers are provided on the flat crests to eliminate ghosts.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device has data bus lines which are connected to a memory cell array, and column selection lines, each of which is used to select a column of the memory cell array. The semiconductor memory device includes a shielding line placed between the column selection line and a data bus line adjacent to the column selection line. The shielding line electrically shields the data bus line from the column selection line. Therefore, the semiconductor memory device having the high speed data bus can be achieved because the coupling capacitance between the column selection line and the data bus line is reduced.