Abstract: The present disclosure provides a roof for a vehicle upper body structure. The roof includes a body extending between a first side and a second side, and extending between a front end and a back end. The front end is configured to be coupled to a header. The body includes a polymer and a plurality of fibers. At least a portion of the body has a transparency of greater than or equal to about 4%.

Abstract: A method and system for a target vehicle that includes an extra-vehicle communication system, a passenger cabin including an interior audio system and a visual display, and a controller is described. The controller is in communication with the extra-vehicle communication system, and operably connected to the interior audio system and the visual display. The controller includes algorithmic code that is executable to receive a proximity alert from a second vehicle via the extra-vehicle communication system, determine a location vector between the second vehicle and the target vehicle based upon the proximity alert, and control the interior audio system and the visual display to generate an alarm in response to the proximity alert, wherein the alarm generated by the interior audio system and the visual display is directionally controlled based upon the location vector. The proximity alert may be generated by an operator, or by a spatial monitoring system.

Abstract: An electric machine includes: a first stator winding including first and second stator winding portions; a second stator winding including third and fourth stator winding portions; a third stator winding including fifth and sixth stator winding portions, where inputs of the stator windings are configured to be connected to phases, respectively, of an inverter; and switches connected between the stator winding portions and outputs of a power source.

Abstract: A tow configuration may include a tow vehicle and first and second trailers. The intermediate trailer hitch angle with the tow vehicle is controlled with one objective being to improve the off-tracking performance of the other trailer. The hitch angle may be controlled through steerable wheels at the intermediate trailer or through wheel differential steering at the intermediate trailer.

Abstract: A polyurethane foam and a method of forming a polyurethan foam. The polyurethane foam including the reaction product of polyethylene glycol and polypropylene copolymer polyol, a gelation catalyst, a blowing catalyst, lignin, a polymeric isocyanate, and a blowing agent. The method includes mixing polyethylene glycol and polypropylene copolymer polyol, a gelation catalyst, a blowing catalyst, lignin, a polymeric isocyanate, and a blowing agent. Vehicle components are formed from the polyurethane foam.

Abstract: A vehicle, and a system a method of navigating a vehicle. The system includes a trajectory planning module and a trajectory tracking module. The trajectory planning module operates at a processor of the vehicle to generate a trajectory for the vehicle. The trajectory tracking module operates at the processor to track the trajectory to navigate the vehicle. The trajectory planning module and the trajectory tracking module run asynchronously from each other.

Abstract: A method for determining a sampling rate of occupancy data for a vehicle includes determining a vehicle speed and detecting whether an interrupt condition is present. If the speed is within a first speed range and no interrupt condition is detected, then a first sampling rate is selected for sampling the occupancy data. If the speed is within a second speed range that is higher than the first speed range, and/or if the interrupt condition is detected, then a second sampling rate which is faster than the first sampling rate is selected for sampling the occupancy data. A primary electronic control unit (ECU) may be configured for sampling the occupancy data. If the second sampling rate is selected and a computational demand of the primary ECU exceeds a predetermined threshold, then a portion of the computational demand may be transferred to one or more secondary ECUs for sampling the data.

Abstract: An AV may determine a degradation score based on data indicating a condition of an environment where the AV operates to provide a service. The degradation score may indicate a degradation in a performance of the AV (e.g., one or more sensors of the AV) under the condition. After determining that the degradation score is higher than a threshold, the AV may pause the service, e.g., by moving out of the traffic lane or pulling over. The AV may re-check the condition later and determine a new degradation score. After determining that degradation score is lower than the threshold, the AV may resume the service, e.g., by moving back to the traffic lane. The AV may determine that the degradation score is higher than another threshold and in response to the determination, stops where it is, e.g., in a traffic lane. The AV may request remote assistance or retrieval.

Abstract: A method to create a battery cell is provided. The method includes, within a vacuum or an inert atmosphere, utilizing an etching process to remove a passivation layer from a primary surface of a solid electrolyte. The method further includes applying a surface coating to the primary surface. The method further includes, within the battery cell, disposing the solid electrolyte including the surface coating between an anode and a cathode.

Abstract: A method that includes obtaining reflective radar signals regarding a scene monitored by a radar sensor system having an antenna array that is characterized by effecting a reflection-ghost offset in one or more domains, determining a reflective-intensity (RI) spectrum in three domains based on the reflective radar signals, producing a filtered RI spectrum by applying a trained convolutional neural network (CNN) to the RI spectrum by, at least in part, filtering the RI spectrum using one or more CNN kernels that incorporate the reflection-ghost offset; and detecting objects in the monitored scene based, at least in part, on the filtered RI spectrum.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell that cycles lithium ions includes a positive electrode that includes a positive electroactive material, a negative electrode that includes a silicon-containing negative electroactive material, a separating layer disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and an electrolyte that is in contact with at least one of the positive electroactive material, the negative electroactive material, and the separating layer. The electrolyte includes greater than or equal to about 0.1 wt. % to less than or equal to about 10 wt. % of a phosphite-type additive.

Abstract: A method and system for estimating state of health (SOH) of a battery configured for providing electrical power to a motor for driving a vehicle. The method and system configured for measuring an enhanced SOH for the battery according to an enhanced SOH process. The enhanced SOH process including maximizing a discharge depth of the battery to maximize accuracy of the enhanced SOH measurement.

Abstract: Disclosed are embodiments for a deep learning optimizer for fine-tuning while dynamically mitigating catastrophic forgetting. In some aspects, a method includes saving an original state of a model to a buffer, the original state comprising original weights of the model; apply new gradients to intermediate model states of the model during at least one intermediate training step of training of the model; calculate, at a final training step of the training, a displacement vector representing a difference between current weights of the model and the original weights of the model; responsive to the displacement vector and a final gradient of the final training step being inconsistent in terms of gradient direction, perform an orthogonal projection of the final gradient on the displacement vector to generate an orthogonal gradient; and applying the orthogonal gradient to the original state of the model at the final training step of the training.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for building a product by additive manufacturing and creating hollow volumes without including build supports in the hollow volume for the layers above the hollow volume. An additive manufacturing cell includes a material handling device, a printer a material delivery system and an energy source to feed the sheets, print on the sheets, apply a powder on the printed sheets, build a hollow volume into the sheets and consolidate the sheets into a product with a contiguous structure.

Abstract: A system for key absence management in a vehicle configured to be started by an electronic key fob includes a key absence management controller that implements a method configured to authorize starting of the vehicle by monitoring presence and absence of the electronic key fob in the vehicle. If the controller finds the electronic key fob to be present in the vehicle, then the controller authorizes starting of the vehicle. If the controller finds the electronic key fob to be absent from the vehicle, then the controller authorizes starting of the vehicle based on detection of a keyless authority indicator. A vehicle configured to be started by an electronic key fob includes the system with the controller that implements the method.

Abstract: A cell temperature measurement system for a battery includes a heat spreader and a temperature sensor. The heat spreader is configured to thermally conduct energy through a substrate from a cell contact to a sensor contact. The temperature sensor is configured to generate a measurement reflective of a cell or another component temperature of the battery. The temperature sensor may generate the temperature measurement according to readings taken with a probe positioned proximate the sensor contact.

Abstract: Systems and methods for a vehicle are provided. In one embodiment, a method includes: receiving image data defining a plurality of images associated with an environment of the vehicle; receiving vehicle data indicating a velocity of the vehicle, wherein the vehicle data is associated with the image data; determining, by a processor, feature points within at least one image based on the vehicle data and a three dimensional projection method; selecting, by the processor, a subset of the feature points as ground points; determining, by the processor, a ground plane based on the subset of feature points; determining, by the processor, a ground normal vector from the ground plane; determining, by the processor, a camera to ground alignment value based on the ground normal vector; and generating, by the processor, second image data based on the camera to ground alignment value.