Abstract: Provided is a nucleic acid substrate which has nucleic acid substrate characteristics equivalent to those of dATP, has a low substrate specificity for luciferase, exerts no negative effect on enzymatic reactions such as a complementary-strand synthesis, and therefore is particularly suitable for the pyrosequencing method. As a nucleic acid substrate complementary to nucleotide T, a 7-substituted deoxyribonucleotide triphosphate whose 7-position of a purine group is modified by a substituent is used as a substitute for a nucleotide ?-thiotriphosphate analog.

Abstract: Provided are a support for supporting a metal, a metal-supported catalyst, a methanation reaction apparatus, and a method relating thereto that realize effective methanation of carbon monoxide. The support for supporting a metal includes a carbonized material obtained by carbonizing raw materials containing an organic substance and a metal, in which the support is used for supporting a metal that exhibits a catalytic activity for a methanation reaction of carbon monoxide. The metal-supported catalyst includes: a support formed of a carbonized material obtained by carbonizing raw materials containing an organic substance and a metal; and a metal that exhibits a catalytic activity for a methanation reaction of carbon monoxide, the metal being supported on the support.

Abstract: The present invention provides a qualitatively-stable functionally gradient material precursor having gradient material composition, as well as a production method of the functionally gradient material precursor, at low cost. Further, the present invention provides a functionally gradient material having gradient material composition, or having both gradient material composition and gradient porosity, so as to achieve high-functionality; as well as a production method of the functionally gradient material. A functionally gradient material precursor is formed by the steps of: forming plural kinds of metal foam precursors, each obtained by performing heat treatment on a metal member so that a plurality of pores are generated within the metal member, by making the material composition of the metal member different; and friction stir welding the plural kinds of metal foam precursors. Further, a functionally gradient material is formed by performing heat treatment on the functionally gradient material.

Abstract: The invention provides a cancer chemotherapeutic agent which has fewer side effects and excellent efficacy. The cancer chemotherapeutic agent of the invention includes a cholestanol derivative represented by formula (1): (wherein G represents GlcNAc-Gal-, GlcNAc-Gal-Glc-, Fuc-Gal-, Gal-Glc-, Gal-, or GlcNAc-) or a cyclodextrin inclusion compound thereof, and an anti-cancer agent.

Abstract: Plural camera heads are each placed in a position capable of detection of radiation emitted from a radiation source. Compton cones obtained from the detection data output from each of the plural camera heads are projected onto three-dimensional space and an image based on the radiation source is reconstructed. In addition, projected images from projecting Compton cones obtained from the detection data output from each camera head onto two-dimensional planes are also employed for determining a three-dimensional space excluding regions where the radiation source is not present. Reconstruction of images based on the radiation source is then performed within the determined three-dimensional space.

Abstract: The beam irradiation apparatus is featured by including a transport pipe which is vacuum-evacuated to be used as a transport channel of a beam taken out from an accelerator, a quadrupole magnet which modulates the beam diameter of the beam so that the beam is incident on an irradiation target existing in the atmosphere while maintaining the focusing angle of the beam, and one or more longitudinally movable range shifters which are provided to be capable of changing the distance to the irradiation target of the beam, and which modulate the beam range by reducing the energy of the beam by allowing the beam to pass through the movable range shifter, and is featured in that the beam is irradiated onto the irradiation target by modulating the beam diameter and the beam range.

Abstract: Provided is a negative-electrode active material, which is capable of constituting a lithium ion secondary cell exhibiting excellent cell characteristics. The negative-electrode active material for a lithium ion secondary cell of the invention includes a mixed material of silicon oxide particles composed of silicon oxide and rod-shaped iron oxide particles composed of iron oxide. It is preferable to use iron oxide particles having a plurality of pores in a surface, and an electrode reaction is effectively carried out.

Abstract: A concrete pit containing radioactive waste is surrounded by a low diffusion layer of cement-based material, which in turn, is surrounded by a low water permeability layer of sodium-type bentonite and the leaching out of calcium ions from the low water permeability layer is inhibited by mixing sodium bicarbonate or sodium carbonate with the sodium-type bentonite/sand mixture of the low water-permeability layer so that leached calcium ions form a barrier layer having calcium carbonate as the main component in the vicinity of the interface between the layers.

Abstract: Provided are a water-blocking filler, the swelling properties of which do not decrease easily even when in contact with water containing calcium ions, and a filler for engineered multi-barriers with said water-blocking filler as the engineered multi-barrier filler. A water-blocking filler mainly comprising sodium bentonite obtained by mixing 30 weight % or less, in terms of inner percentage, of a pozzolan substance such as fly ash or silica fume with said bentonite, and a filler using said water-blocking filler that is used for engineered multi-barriers in radioactive waste disposal facilities.

Abstract: Provided is a method of producing a carbon catalyst having an improved activity. The method of producing carbon catalyst including a carbonization step of carbonizing raw materials containing an organic compound as a carbon source, a metal, and an electrically conductive carbon material to produce a carbonized material; a metal impregnation step of impregnating the carbonized material with a metal; and a heat treatment step of subjecting the carbonized material impregnated with the metal to a heat treatment.

Abstract: Disclosed is a compound characterized by comprising a linker, an oxygen-concentration-responsive phosphorophore which is linked to a first end of the linker, and a fluorophore which is lined to a second end of the linker. In the compound, it is preferred that the triplet level of the phosphorophore be lower than that of the fluorophore. The compound can be used as an oxygen-responsive luminescent probe.

Abstract: Provided is a carbon catalyst for a cathode of a direct fuel cell, which selectively promotes an oxygen reduction reaction even when crossover of a fuel compound occurs. The carbon catalyst for a cathode of a direct fuel cell exhibits an oxygen-reducing catalytic activity in an electrolytic solution containing a fuel compound for the direct fuel cell, and exhibits substantially no catalytic activity to oxidize the fuel compound in the electrolytic solution.

Abstract: A frictional-force variable compact of the invention includes: a first surface; a second surface; insulation portion; and an electroconductive portion electrically conducting the first surface to the second surface.

Abstract: A carbon catalyst which has high catalytic activity and can achieve high catalyst performance is provided. The carbon catalyst comprises nitrogen. The energy peak area ratio of the first nitrogen atom whose electron in the 1s orbital has a binding energy of 398.5±1.0 eV to the second nitrogen atom whose electron in the 1s orbital has a binding energy of 401±1.0 eV (i.e., the value of (the first nitrogen atom)/(the second nitrogen atom)) of the nitrogen introduced into the catalyst is 1.2 or less.

Abstract: Provided is a carbon catalyst having an improved activity. The carbon catalyst is obtained by: carbonizing raw materials containing an organic compound as a carbon source, a metal, and an electrically conductive carbon material to produce a carbonized material; impregnating the carbonized material with a metal; and subjecting the carbonized material with the metal to a heat treatment.

Abstract: Provided are a carbon catalyst for hydrogen production having an excellent catalytic activity, a production method therefor, and a method of producing hydrogen using the catalyst. The carbon catalyst for hydrogen production is a carbon catalyst, which is obtained by carbonizing a raw material including an organic substance and a transition metal, the catalyst being used for hydrogen production by thermal decomposition of a hydrocarbon compound and/or an oxygen-containing organic compound. Further, the carbon catalyst for hydrogen production may be obtained by loading an alkaline earth metal on a carbonized material produced by the carbonization.

Abstract: A charged particle beam extraction method according to the present invention is featured in that, in a circular accelerator which accelerates a charged particle beam, a pulse voltage is applied to a part of the accelerated charged particle beam to generate a momentum deviation only in the part of the charged particle beam, in that the charged particles of a part of the charged particle beam, the charged particles having a large momentum deviation, are located in a non-stable region and in an extraction region in a horizontal phase space with respect to the traveling direction of the charged particle beam, and in that a group of the charged particles located in the non-stable region and in the extraction region are largely deviated in the horizontal direction so as to be extracted.

Abstract: Provided is a carbon catalyst having an improved catalytic activity, a production method therefor, and an electrode and a battery which use the carbon catalyst. The carbon catalyst is obtained by carbonizing a raw material including an organic substance containing a nitrogen atom and metals, and includes iron and/or cobalt, and copper as the metals. Further, the carbon catalyst has a crystallinity of 41.0% or less, which is determined by X-ray diffractometry, a nitrogen atom-to-carbon atom ratio of 0.7 or more, which is determined by X-ray photoelectronic spectrometry, and an oxygen reduction-starting potential of 0.774 V (vs. NHE) or more.

Abstract: Provided is a hydrogen-storing carbon material with improved hydrogen storage capacity. The hydrogen-storing carbon material has a total pore volume of 0.5 cm3/g or more, and a ratio of a total mesoporous volume to a total microporous volume per unit weight of 5 or more. In addition, the hydrogen-storing carbon material may have a nitrogen content of 0.5 wt % or more and less than 20 wt %. In addition, the hydrogen-storing carbon material may have a stable potential of ?1.28 V or more when a cathode current with respect to the hydrogen-storing carbon material is held at 1,000 mA/g in electrochemical measurement by chronopotentiometry involving using the hydrogen-storing carbon material in a working electrode in a three-electrode method.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a PTFE stretched film that has higher tensile strength at its breaking point. In the method, a resin composition is obtained by mixing an emulsion of PTFE (A) with a number average molecular weight of 5×106 or more and an emulsion of PTFE (B) with a number average molecular weight of 1×106 to 4×106 so that the solid content ratio (A/B) of the PTFE (A) and the PTFE (B) is 99/1 to 10/90. The mixed emulsion is subjected to compression molding in a melted state under a reduced-pressure atmosphere to obtain a film.