Abstract: A light-emitting device is an S-iPM laser of M-point oscillation including a phase modulation layer. Four-direction in-plane wavenumber vectors each including a wavenumber spread corresponding to an angular spread of light output from the light-emitting device are formed on a reciprocal lattice space of the phase modulation layer. The magnitude of at least one of the in-plane wavenumber vectors is smaller than 2?/?. A predetermined phase distribution included in the phase modulation layer includes an element for focusing the light output.

Abstract: A focal position estimation system is a system for estimating a focal position when in focus corresponding to an estimation target image, and includes: an estimation target image acquisition unit that acquires an estimation target image; and a focal position estimation unit that outputs a feature quantity of the estimation target image from the estimation target image by using a feature quantity output model and estimates a focal position when in focus corresponding to the estimation target image from the output feature quantity, wherein the feature quantity output model is generated by machine learning from a plurality of learning images associated with focal position information related to a focal position at the time of imaging, and feature quantities of two different learning images are compared with each other according to focal position information associated with the two different learning images, and machine learning is performed based on the comparison result.

Abstract: A light modulator of to this embodiment enables high-speed modulation to an SLM using a liquid crystal. The light modulator comprises refractive index regions arranged in a first direction on a reference plane, a region surrounding each refractive index regions and having a refractive index lower than that of each refractive index region, a first conductive film, and a second conductive film. The first conductive film is provided on any one of a pair of side surfaces arranged in the first direction in at least one refractive index region selected from the refractive index regions and belonging to a first group. The second conductive film is provided on any one of the pair of side surfaces so as not to overlap with the first conductive film in at least one refractive index region selected from the refractive index regions and belonging to a second group.

Abstract: A confocal microscope unit includes: a light source device which includes a light emitting element, a photodetector, a drive unit, and a control unit; and a scan mirror which scans excitation light, wherein, the control unit executes first control of adjusting and outputting a drive signal for driving the drive unit based on a control signal and a detection signal from the photodetector and executes the first control while changing a value of the control signal to generate and store a data table indicating a correspondence between a drive current and light intensity of excitation light, and wherein, the control unit executes second control of outputting the control signal as a drive signal, executes the second control by using the control signal corresponding to the drive current corresponding to the target light intensity based on the data table, and executes control of stopping the drive current.

Abstract: A smell sensor includes an ion sensor having a sensitive film, a substance adsorption film disposed on the sensitive film and configured to adsorb a smell substance to be detected, and an electrode configured to apply a reference voltage to the substance adsorption film. The substance adsorption film is in a state of releasing a proton in response to absorbing the smell substance.

Abstract: The light detector includes a light detection substrate having at least one light receiving region and a light incident surface on which a detection target light is incident, and a meta-lens including a plurality of unit structures arranged in a grid pattern and disposed on the light incident surface to focus the detection target light. When viewed in a thickness direction of the light detection substrate, an opening region in which no unit structure is formed is provided in a region including a center of the meta-lens.

Abstract: An optical unit includes: a base which includes a main surface; a mirror device which includes a movable mirror portion and is disposed on the base; a frame member that is provided on the main surface so as to surround the mirror device; and a window member that is bonded to the frame member and has a flat plate shape. The frame member includes a first wall portion which is provided on the main surface and includes a first top surface on the side opposite to the main surface, a second wall portion which is provided on the main surface so as to face the first wall portion and includes a second top surface on the side opposite to the main surface.

Abstract: A method for producing an optical element includes: disposing a joint layer on a substrate; forming a first portion and a second portion in a second surface of the joint layer; and forming a plurality of structural bodies, which are made of a dielectric, on the second surface of the joint layer. The joint layer has a first surface facing the substrate, and the second surface located on a side opposite the first surface. The first portion is covered with a resist layer, and the second portion is exposed from the resist layer. After the dielectric is laminated on at least the second portion, the resist layer is removed to form the plurality of structural bodies on the second surface.

Abstract: A light emitting element includes: a substrate; a mesa portion formed on the substrate and including an active layer, a first semiconductor layer, and a second semiconductor layer; a metal layer including a first metal part disposed on a top surface of the mesa portion and connected to the second semiconductor layer and a second metal part formed integrally with the first metal part and extending along a side surface of the mesa portion; an insulating layer formed on the side surface; and a resin layer formed on the insulating layer. The first metal part includes an opening region formed with a light passage opening and a connection region for external connection. The second metal part is formed on the side surface via the insulating layer and the resin layer and overlaps the active layer when viewed in a direction perpendicular to a thickness direction of the substrate.

Abstract: There is provided a photodetector including: a photodetecting element having a surface and including a plurality of light-receiving regions arranged along the surface; and a plurality of meta-lens portions arranged on the surface to correspond to the plurality of light-receiving regions, wherein, in one light-receiving region and one meta-lens portion corresponding to each other among the plurality of light-receiving regions and the plurality of meta-lens portions, the one meta-lens portion includes a plurality of meta-lenses arranged along the surface.

Abstract: A dispersion stability evaluation method is a method for evaluating a dispersion stability of dispersoid dispersed in a dispersion medium. The dispersion stability evaluation method includes a first step of holding a sample including the dispersion medium and the dispersoid on a reflective surface, and a second step of causing terahertz waves to be incident on the reflective surface from a side opposite to the sample and detecting the terahertz waves reflected by the reflective surface. In the second step, while a state where the dispersoid are allowed to move toward the reflective surface is maintained, a plurality of detection results respectively corresponding to a plurality of times apart from each other are acquired.

Abstract: A sample observation device includes a light source unit configured to output a pulse train in which multiple optical pulses with different center wavelengths are arranged at predetermined time intervals as excitation light; a measurement unit configured to perform time-resolved measurement on an optical response that is transmitted from the sample and corresponds to irradiation with the optical pulses included in the pulse train while scanning the sample with the excitation light, and to acquire measurement data with respect to the optical pulses; and a processing unit configured to perform linear unmixing processing on the measurement data with respect to the optical pulses on the basis of an excitation spectrum for every target included in the sample.

Abstract: A laser device includes a support, a first heat sink, a plurality of laser light sources attached to the support, and a plurality of electrodes bridged between the plurality of laser light sources and the first heat sink. Each of the plurality of laser light sources is movable with respect to the support. Each of the plurality of electrodes is electrically connected to one of the plurality of laser light sources at a first connection portion, and is thermally connected to the first heat sink at a second connection portion. In each of the plurality of electrodes, an extension part between the first connection portion and the second connection portion has flexibility, and a length of the extension part is larger than a linear distance between the first connection portion and the second connection portion.

Abstract: Provided is a nonhuman animal model that is obtained by modifying a gene encoding thioredoxin and useful as a disease model of aging, kidney diseases, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, aortic dissection, chronic obstructive lung disease, age-dependent epilepsy, abnormality of lipid metabolism, anemia, osteoporosis, abnormal immunity, etc. These variety of phenotypes are caused by the fact that a modification of a gene encoding thioredoxin induces hypofunction of thioredoxin expressed in multiple organs throughout the body. The gene encoding thioredoxin is a gene selected from among TXN, TRX, TRX1, RRDX, Txn1, Txn, Trx1 and ADF.

Abstract: A spectroscopic unit includes a housing, a light incident portion provided in the housing, a Fabry-Perot interference filter arranged in the housing and having a first mirror and a second mirror, a distance between the first mirror and the second mirror being variable. The light incident portion includes an aperture portion in which an aperture is formed and a band pass filter arranged between the aperture and the Fabry-Perot interference filter. The aperture portion is configured so that a value obtained by dividing a length of the aperture in a facing direction of the first mirror and the second mirror by a width of the aperture in a direction perpendicular to the facing direction is equal to or more than 0.5 and the entirety of light passing through the aperture is incident on the band pass filter.

Abstract: An actuator device includes a support portion; a first movable portion; a second movable portion; a first connection portion that connects the first and second movable portions such that the first movable portion is swingable around a first axis; a second connection portion that connects the second movable portion and the support portion such that the first movable portion is swingable around the first axis. Two natural angular frequencies ?1 and ?2 (where ?1<?2) for vibration of the first and second movable portions around the first axis satisfy one of the following equation (1) and equation (2) and do not satisfy the other, [ Equation ? 1 ] 0 < 1 - ( ? 1 ? ii ) 2 ? 0.2 ( 1 ) [ Equation ? 2 ] 0 < ( ? 2 ? ii ) 2 - 1 ? 0.

Abstract: A light emitting sealed body includes a housing which stores a discharge gas in an internal space and is provided with a first window portion to which first light is incident and a second window portion from which second light is emitted. The housing includes at least one flow path which is partitioned from the internal space and extends toward at least one of the first window portion and the second window portion.

Abstract: A reflective dynamic metasurface of an embodiment comprises a structure enabling phase modulation in each of pixels constituting at least a one-dimensional array. The metasurface includes: a laminated structure body having a transparent conductive layer and a dielectric layer; a first metal film on one surface of the laminated structure body; a second metal film on the other surface of the laminated structure body; and a drive circuit controlling voltage applied between the first and second metal films. The first and second metal films are arranged to sandwich the pixels. The first metal film is arranged to expose a pair of window regions in one pixel, and the second metal film includes partial metal films defining the shape of each pixel and separated from each other. The drive circuit individually controls the potential of each partial metal film, thereby modulating the phase of the input light for each pixel.

Abstract: A semiconductor device inspection method includes: performing a first inspection irradiation on at least one portion in an area to be inspected; outputting first information indicating presence or absence of a defective portion in an entire of the area to be inspected, based on the first inspection irradiation; when it is determined that a second inspection irradiation is to be performed, performing the inspection irradiation on at least one portion in the area to be inspected of the semiconductor device to which the test signal is being input, the portion of the second inspection irradiation is different from the portion of the first inspection irradiation; and outputting second information indicating presence or absence of a defective portion in the entire of the area to be inspected, based on the second inspection irradiation.