Abstract: To provide an injection system for an internal combustion engine operating on self-igniting liquefied gas as a fuel, and to minimize cavitation and related problems of fuel delivery as well as wear, the fuel tank is configured as a low-pressure storage tank which is connected to a pressure control unit that includes a fuel pumping unit for drawing fuel from the storage tank and delivering the fuel to the suction line of the fuel delivery device and a pressure release line which branches off the suction line and leads back to the storage tank, the pressure release line including a release valve for maintaining a constant interior pressure in the suction line above the vapor pressure of the liquefied gas. The injection system is configured as a leakage-free system.

Abstract: A spark plug with an insulating body held in a casing and containing an inner electrode is provided with a force-measuring element for measuring the pressure acting on the spark plug, the insulating body resting against the casing via the force-measuring element when pressure is applied in an axial direction. To prevent the entrance of noise signals an axially-elastic sealing element is provided on a side adjacent to the combustion space, the sealing element additionally lending radial support to the insulating body resting against the casing of the spark plug.

Abstract: A fuel injection system which includes an injection valve for a self-igniting internal combustion engine with direct fuel injection, in particular for liquefied gas fuels, and which is configured as a pintle-type nozzle opening against the force of at least one spring, has the opening force of its fuel needle directly provided by the magnetic force of a solenoid so as to create simplified rate shaping. The magnetic force increases quadratically with the needle lift vis-a-vis the force of the spring increasing linearly with the needle lift, resulting in an opening velocity of the needle increasing approximately quadratically, at least in certain regions, thus permitting small pintle lifts, and the needle has a maximum needle lift of smaller than 1 mm, i.e., preferably smaller than 0.5 mm.

Abstract: A device for detachably fastening lines and conduits, in particular, flexible tubes, pipes and cables, to a support, which includes a mounting element surrounding and holding the lines, the mounting element including at least one stackable holding module whose plane front face is approximately parallel to the surface of the support. The front face is held at a distance from the surface of the support by spacer elements provided integral with the holding module, the wall area of the latter including guiding strips projecting from the front face towards the surface of the support, as well as apertures for the lines. By way of a fastening bolt going through a center bore on the front face, the mounting element is detachably fastened to the support. In plan view the exterior edges of the holding module define a shape of at least threefold symmetry. In this manner it will be possible to obtain a precise, predefined, secure, space-saving and well-ordered layout for lines of different orientation.

Abstract: In order to increase the safety of an injection system in an internal combustion engine operating on self-igniting liquefied gas as a fuel, especially after the engine has been switched off, the proposal is put forward that at least one pressurized part of the injection system be depressurized by means of a shut-down device, the latter including at least one pressure relief line which is controlled by at least one valve and opens into a tank with a low pressure level.

Abstract: An injection system for an internal combustion engine, in particular an engine operating on liquid gas as fuel or fuel component, includes an injection unit for each cylinder for direct fuel injection into the combustion chamber, and a fuel supply system with at least one fuel tank and an oscillating pump element configured as a displacer for delivery of the fuel. The pump element is provided with an elastic sealing element fitted in a housing and which divides a pump chamber into two subchambers sealed tightly against each other, the first subchamber being supplied with fuel via a fuel feed line of the fuel supply system, and the second subchamber being supplied with a secondary medium. The dead volumes of the pump element may be reduced by configuring the pump chamber as an annular chamber at least partially surrounding a shaft moving axially in a cylinder, which shaft is mechanically linked with the sealing element.

Abstract: Fuel injection system for an internal combustion engine with direct fuel injection, with an electromagnetic control valve for pressurization of a medium-pressure space, and a hydraulic amplification plunger comprising a medium-pressure plunger adjacent to the medium-pressure space and a high-pressure plunger adjacent to a high-pressure space, which latter is connected to a fuel delivery line on the one side and a nozzle space surrounding the fuel needle on the other side, the high-pressure space connecting to a fuel bypass line in at least one intermediate position of the high-pressure plunger. To improve rate shaping, especially at the beginning and end of injection, the proposal is put forward that in addition to the high-pressure plunger a pressure-dependent bypass valve be located in the flow path between the high-pressure space and the fuel bypass line, which bypass valve opens the flow connection between high-pressure space and fuel bypass line for a narrow range of pressures in the high-pressure space.

Abstract: For largely automatic determination of the moment of inertia of, in particular, an internal combustion engine on a testing stand, speed n and indicated torque M.sub.M are measured under controlled operating conditions in both a run-up phase as well as in a coasting phase. In order to eliminate the loss moment in the determination of the moment of inertia, the measuring points of the respectively same speed from the run-up phase and the coasting phase are interpreted in combination, this enabling an exact determination of the moment of inertia in a very simple way with the devices that are usually already present at a testing stand.

Abstract: A device for introducing fuel into the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, includes a unit for fuel delivery and an injection valve for withdrawing compressed gas from the cylinder and injecting the gas together with the delivered fuel into the cylinder, and a mixing space in the front part of the valve for the purpose of gas storage, the injection valve being provided with a valve for control of the gas exchange between the combustion chamber and the mixing space in the front part of the valve. To obtain reproducible operating conditions and an optimum closing time (E.sub.0) for the injection valve, the mixing space is connected to one or more sensor elements for measuring the pressure and/or temperature of the mixing space, and that the valve is closed in dependence on the physical quantity measured by the at least one sensor element.

Abstract: A combustion chamber formed by a recess in the piston of an internal combustion engine is divided by restrictions into two or more partial chambers. The ratio between the minimum distance in the area of the restrictions and the maximum distance in concave areas of the wall of the combustion chamber, as measured from the axis of the combustion chamber, is between 0.2 and 0.5. In the area of the minimum distance downstream of the restriction, the wall of each partial chamber is inclined relative to the axis of the combustion chamber, the inclination decreasing continuously in downstream direction. To achieve extremely lean operation with low exhaust emissions, the fuel injection device is located in a position eccentric to the center of the combustion chamber, and the ignition device is located approximately in the center of the combustion chamber.

Abstract: The invention presented herein makes it possible to construct and operate an engine monitoring apparatus that calculates the engine speed, the engine load and/or engine monitoring quantities basically only from the measurement of an angular velocity curve at the gear rim of an internal combustion engine (optionally, from a plurality of angular velocity curves). The basis is thus simultaneously created for monitoring all other measured quantities within narrow limits that are dependent on load and speed. The invention can also be utilized for control purposes or for measuring power.

Abstract: In a method for introducing fuel into the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine wherein compressed gas is drawn from the combustion chamber during the compression phase of a working cycle, mixed with fuel, and injected into the combustion chamber together with the fuel during the subsequent working cycle, an ignitible mixture must be provided at the point where ignition is initiated.

Abstract: A device for introducing fuel into the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, includes an injection valve for withdrawing compressed gas from the cylinder and injecting the gas together with the fuel into the cylinder, a mixing chamber in the front part of the valve for the purpose of gas storage and into which mixing chamber fuel is introduced via one or more flow passages opening into the mixing chamber, the injection valve being provided with a lifting valve for control of the gas exchange between the combustion chamber and the mixing chamber in the front part of the valve, and an orifice where the flow passage opens into the mixing chamber located in the area of the seat of the lifting valve.

Abstract: In a pressure sensor with a housing containing a measuring device which is separated from the housing by a radial gap and comprises a pressure transmitting element, a measuring element, and, if required, a tubular spring for axially preloading the measuring element, and with a sealing membrane tightly and flexibly connecting housing and pressure transmitting element on the side of the medium, the proposal is put forward that at least one heat conducting element be provided between the pressure transmitting element and the housing, which element should be made from material of good thermal conductivity and have a large cross-section for heat conduction, such that most of the heat arising in the region of the pressure transmitting element is carried off to the housing via the heat conducting element, the latter acting as bending or rolling element in the instance of axial shifts between the pressure transmitting element and the housing, and being flexible in axial direction to minimize the transmission of force

Abstract: An electric braking device for measuring the torque of an engine includes a rotor rotating with a shaft and a stator which is tiltably supported in a housing by a bearing at either of its front ends, each end being provided with a disk-shaped bearing shield with a pivot journal. To prevent the measured results from being influenced by the stator bearings hydrostatic swivel bearings are used, one being axially movable and the other axially immovable. Each hydraulic swivel bearing includes a ring slipped over a pivot journal of the bearing shield the ring being supported by two bearing bodies secured against rotating, the latter being located one on either side of a longitudinal center plane containing the shaft axis and below a transverse plane containing the shaft axis and being normal to the center plane.

Abstract: To improve temperature compensation of a piezoelectric element measuring mechanical variables, such as pressure, force, and acceleration, with two or more piezoelectric crystal elements, at least one of the crystal elements differ from the other crystal element(s) either physically or chemically, the positive temperature coefficient of a piezo-coefficient of at least one piezoelectric crystal element compensating the negative temperature coefficient of the other crystal element(s), so that the overall piezoelectric sensitivity of the measuring element will remain essentially constant within a given temperature interval.

Abstract: A propulsion system includes an internal combustion engine predominantly operating in a steady-state mode and a driving engine operating in a transient mode, which act on the output shaft of a planetary gear train by first and second drive shafts. To obtain independent speed and torque values at the driven shaft, an additional transiently operating engine is provided which has a fixed r.p.m. ratio with the first drive shaft or the driven shaft of the planetary gear train. The two transient engines are configured as hydraulic engines or electric engines connected to a control device, a unit being provided for hydraulic or electric power flow between the two transient engines, which in turn is provided with an energy storage.

Abstract: A piezoelectric crystal element for surface acoustic wave applications with a quartz substrate with at least one substantially planar quartz surface, the planar quartz surface having an epitaxially grown layer of a quartz-isomorphous crystal with the total molecular formula ABO.sub.4, A standing for Al or Ga, and B for P or As, and the quartz surface and the epitaxial layer having approximately the same crystallographic orientation.

Abstract: An optoelectronic measuring device for the purpose of observing and recording combustion processes in the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine during operation, includes optical sensors directed at the combustion chamber and connected to an evaluation unit. The optical sensors are integrated in a sealing element positioned in a plane cutting the combustion chamber, which will permit the performance of measurements without any modifications of the engine or the geometry of the combustion chamber.

Abstract: For surface acoustic wave devices temperature-compensated piezoelectric crystal elements with one or more planar faces are used. An improvement in temperature stability may be expected if the crystal element is made from GaPO.sub.4 and the planar face is defined by Euler angles .lambda. in the range of 0.degree., .mu. in the range of 40.degree. to 75.degree., i.e. preferably 50.degree. to 60.degree., and .theta. in the range of 0.degree..