Abstract: A method is used for determining an operating point of a compressor that includes at least one impeller, compressor blades attached to the impeller, a housing and at least two sensors. The method includes calculating a deflection of the compressor blades. An operating point and spacing of the blades is determined with respect to a surge limit based on the calculating of the deflection by measuring passage times of the compressor blades at a sensor. A signal that is representative of a rotation speed is determined and is associated with the compressor impeller. In a learning or adaptation mode, compressor blade-specific, state-induced and position-induced deviations from an ideal state are determined using compressor blade-specific passage times that are measured and compared with ideal passage times. In a working mode, compressor blade-specific passage times are measured and the compressor blade-specific passage times are corrected using the determined state-induced and position-induced deviations.

Abstract: A method for determining the proportion of gaseous working medium in a cylinder of an internal combustion engine includes opening an injector so as to feed fuel directly into the cylinder. The injector is connected to a fuel line in which a pressure sensor is arranged. The pressure in the fuel line is measured when the injector is open. The proportion of gaseous working medium in the cylinder is determined in conjunction with an association between the measured pressure in the fuel line when the injector is open and the proportion of gaseous working medium in the cylinder.

Abstract: A valve drive device for switching the stroke of gas exchange valves of an internal combustion engine includes a camshaft configured, at least in part, as a hollow shaft. A cam unit includes at least two different cams disposed on the camshaft so as to be rotationally engaged and axially displaceable with respect thereto. An adjustment sleeve is disposed so as to be rotationally engaged on an adjustment shaft and rotatable and axially displaceable inside the camshaft. The adjustment sleeve includes thereon a closed adjustment contour extending about a circumference of the adjustment sleeve and is operatively connected to the cam unit through an adjustment clearance in the camshaft via a first coupling element configured to permanently engage in the adjustment contour. A further coupling element is configured to permanently engage in the adjustment contour and connect to the camshaft so as to be fixed in position.

Abstract: A device for varying charge-changing valve lift in an internal combustion engine includes a camshaft and a cam carrier disposed on the camshaft. A plurality of different cam profiles are disposed on the cam carrier. An adjusting shaft is disposed parallel to the camshaft. A first transmission element including a guide path is disposed non-rotatably and axially displaceably on the adjusting shaft. A first engagement element is connected in a stationary manner to a housing of the internal combustion engine and is configured to be guided along the guide path via rotation of the adjusting shaft. A second engagement element is disposed on a second transmission element and is configured to be guided along the guide path via rotation of the adjusting shaft. The second transmission element is connected to the cam carrier so as to axially displace the cam carrier along the camshaft.

Abstract: A valve train device for switching a lift of gas exchange valves of an internal combustion engine includes a camshaft. A cam group includes at least two cams disposed on the camshaft. At least one lever is mounted axially displaceably relative to the camshaft and is in contact with one of the at least two cams and includes an actuation region for a direct or indirect actuation of at least one gas exchange valve. An adjustment unit is operatively connected to the lever so as to displace the lever.

Abstract: A device for driving a vehicle includes a housing, an electric motor; a differential gear unit, and a planetary gear unit. The planetary gear unit includes a sun gear connected to the electric motor, a ring gear coupleable via a first coupling to the housing, a plurality of planetary gears disposed between the ring gear and the sun gear and mounted on a planet carrier coupled to the differential gear unit, the planet carrier coupleable to the ring gear by a second coupling, the second coupling being disposed in a plane with the first coupling parallel to the electric motor.

Abstract: A valve train device for switching lift of gas exchange valves of an internal combustion engine includes a camshaft including a carrier shaft and a cam assembly disposed non-rotatably and axially displaceably on the carrier shaft via a guide. The cam assembly includes a bearing region, at least one cam group having at least two cams and a first and a second axial contour. A bearing bush is mounted non-rotatably and axially displaceably in a camshaft bearing and radially supports the camshaft in the camshaft bearing. The cam assembly is mounted rotatably and axially displaceably in the bearing bush in the bearing region. The bearing bush includes a first axial reverse opposing contour that corresponds to, and is switchable into operative contact with, the first axial contour and a second axial reverse opposing contour that corresponds to, and is switchable into operative contact with, the second axial contour.

Abstract: A method is provided for equalizing the cylinders of a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine. The internal combustion engine is configured as a reciprocating engine having direct injection and spark ignition. A fuel mass is injected in a cylinder-specific manner, and a cylinder-specific air mass and a cylinder-specific ignition time are each adjustable. An injection amount is equalized, then a charge is equalized and then a mean combustion pressure is equalized.

Abstract: A valve train for an internal combustion engine for actuating gas exchange valves includes a camshaft in the form of a camshaft tube driven by a crankshaft of the internal combustion engine. A selector shaft is disposed in the camshaft tube. A surface of the selector shaft includes a shifting contour having an axial gradient. At least one cam carrier is disposed on the camshaft and axially displaceable but rotationally fixed with respect to the camshaft. Each cam carrier includes an identical base-circle portion and a plurality of cam profiles. A rotationally fixed but axially displaceable shifting sleeve is disposed between the camshaft tube and the rotatable selector shaft of each cam carrier. Each shifting sleeve includes a hole. A shilling ball is disposed in the hole of each shifting sleeve. The shifting ball is coupled with the shifting contour of the selector shaft so as to be guided by the selector shaft so as to axially displace the shifting sleeve by rotation of the selector shaft.

Abstract: A valve drive for activation of gas exchange valves of internal combustion engines, with which valve stroke switching is accomplished with little effort, a low construction height, and at low switching forces. Incorrect switching and damage to the camshaft during valve stroke switching are avoided, even at high engine speeds of rotation. An adjustment shaft that is rotatable by the camshaft and parallel to the camshaft has two adjustment devices rotatably disposed on it, along with two tappets between the adjustment devices. The tappets are connected with a shift gate for valve switching between two different cam profiles of a cam package that is axially displaceable on the camshaft. The tappets each have a contour that contacts the adjustment devices via a guide pin. A gear wheel engages with a gear segment on the camshaft, via a drive on the adjustment shaft, to rotate the adjustment shaft.

Abstract: A variable valve train for actuating a plurality of gas exchange valves of an internal combustion engine includes a plurality of individual cam sleeves axially displaceable relative to one another and disposed so as to form the camshaft. Each of the plurality of individual cam sleeves include a plurality of different cam profiles. A switching shaft is disposed inside the plurality of cam sleeves and is configured to rotate together with the plurality of cam sleeves. A switching ball operatively connects one of the plurality of cam sleeves to a switching contour disposed on the switching shaft. A displacement piece is disposed so as to be rotationally engaged but axially displaceable on one of the plurality of cam sleeves and connected to the switching shaft. An actuator is operatively connectable to the displacement piece by the switching ball so as to displace the one of the plurality of cam sleeves.

Abstract: A valve train includes a a plurality of individual cam sleeves axially displaceable, relative to one another and disposed so as to form the camshaft, each of the plurality of individual cam sleeves including a plurality of different cam profiles each having a same base circle portion and being configured to engage, by switching, one of a plurality of gas exchange valves. A switching shaft is disposed inside the plurality of cam sleeves and configured to rotate together with the plurality of cam sleeves. An encircling switching contour is disposed inside each of the plurality of cam sleeves. A switching pin operatively connects one of the plurality of cam sleeves to the switching shaft, the switching pin configured to slide in the encircling switching contour. An actuator is operatively connected to the switching shaft so as to rotate the switching shaft relative to the plurality of cam sleeves.

Abstract: A valve train for actuating a gas exchange valve of an internal combustion engine includes at least one camshaft configured to be driven by a crankshaft of the internal combustion engine and includes a camshaft tube. At least one cam support is disposed on the at least one camshaft so as to be rotationally engaged and axially displaceable, with respect to the at least one camshaft, the at least one cam support including an identical base circle portion and a plurality of cam profiles differing from one another. A switching shaft is disposed in the camshaft tube and is configured to rotate together with the camshaft tube. A dog operatively connects the at least one cam support to the switching shaft. A displacement piece is connected to the switching shaft and is configured to be rotationally engaged with and axially displaceable on the camshaft tube.

Abstract: A device for switching activation of a hydraulic valve play equalization element for setting of a maximal stroke or a zero stroke on a valve of an internal combustion engine, has a switching element for locking and unlocking the housing of the valve play equalization element relative to a guide that is axially displaceable therein. The switching element is a switching ring that surrounds the housing, on which a linkage for rotating the switching ring relative to the housing is disposed. The linkage of the switching ring is connected via a guide element with a groove on the circumference of a rotatable adjustment shaft. The groove has a groove section demonstrating an axial incline, and in which the switching ring is rotated, to implement a switching process via the guide element during rotation the adjustment shaft.

Abstract: A valve train for an internal combustion engine for actuating gas exchange valves includes a camshaft in the form of a camshaft tube driven by a crankshaft of the internal combustion engine. A selector shaft is disposed in the camshaft tube. A surface of the selector shaft includes a shifting contour having an axial gradient. At least one cam carrier is disposed on the crankshaft and axially displaceable but rotationally fixed with respect to the camshaft. Each cam carrier includes an identical base-circle portion and a plurality of cam profiles. A rotationally fixed but axially displaceable shifting sleeve is disposed between the camshaft tube and the rotatable selector shaft of each cam carrier. Each shifting sleeve includes a hole. A shilling ball is disposed in the hole of each shifting sleeve. The shifting ball ois coupled with the shifting contour of the selector shaft so as to be guided by the selector shaft so as to axially displace the shifting sleeve by rotation of the selector shaft.

Abstract: A static mixer for an exhaust gas system of an internal combustion engine with which at least two different fluid streams are mixed almost homogeneously after a short mixing distance, and with which back-flow effects and pressure losses are avoided, to the greatest possible extent. Due to the placement of flow guide devices, the inclined front sections of which are disposed alternately facing in different directions, and by the configuration and placement of the fluid passage spaces, which are delimited by guide elements, intensive and homogeneous mixing of two different fluid streams is achieved, while avoiding turbulent flows and pressure losses. Mixing of the fluid streams is supported by guide vanes that are disposed on the flow guide elements in the front region of the central center element, and on a frame that delimits the inclined sections of the flow guide elements.

Abstract: A variable valve drive for internal combustion engines is used for activation of gas exchange valves, in which the gas exchange valves engage different cam profiles of a camshaft driven by the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine. The camshaft has at least one displaceable cam segment that carries multiple different cam profiles having the same base circle section. Each one of the cam profiles is switched to be active for the related gas exchange valve, in accordance with the axial position of the cam segment relative to at least one related gas exchange valve. The axial positioning of the cam segment takes place by a setting shaft that can be rotated and is disposed parallel and next to the camshaft. The setting shaft has a guide track in which a tappet is guided, which acts on a transfer element that determines the axial position of the cam segment.

Abstract: A method for estimating the cylinder interior pressure of an internal combustion engine from a cylinder pressure model having at least the input variables load, speed of rotation, and crank angle (Ppressure model), which forms the cylinder interior pressure (Pgas) to be determined, corrected by a pressure correction value (?Pgas). The pressure correction value (?Pgas) is determined from an observation of the alternating moments at the crankshaft. The modeled value of the cylinder interior pressure from the pressure model is obtained as a pre-control value, and corrected with a correction value formed from the measured value of the non-uniformity of rotation.

Abstract: A method for operating an internal combustion engine having a combustion method with homogeneous auto ignition. A driver's demand, predetermined by the gas pedal, is converted into a desired torque to be given off by the engine. A reference charge value for the air charge is determined by a working-point-dependent lambda value (?opt) that can be predetermined. Based on this, a throttle valve position is set. Parallel to this, a desired torque is calculated for the fuel path with a reference lambda value, and an actual charge is calculated to yield a fuel amount to be injected. The reference lambda value results from an optimal lambda value for the mode of operation of homogeneous compression ignition, as long as the lambda value is within the rich and lean limits, respectively, of the combustion method of homogeneous compression ignition. The fuel mass is varied within the rich and lean limits to compensate dynamic processes.

Abstract: The invention relates to a valve train for internal combustion engines, comprising a camshaft and valve actuation elements for one or more valves, the elements being located in the cylinder head. The aim of the invention is to provide a valve train for an internal combustion engine, with which a reliable stroke adjustment of the valves can be made, without the need for complex technical resources, while at the same time allowing a forward or rear displacement of the valve orifice region. To achieve this, in order to modify the valve stroke curve, the contact point between the transfer member and the cam can be displaced along the periphery of the cam and the contact point between the transfer member and a control curve of the support body can be displaced, forcing the part of the transfer member that interacts with the cam to be guided, by shifting the transfer member in relation to the camshaft.