Abstract: Concentrates containing specific functionalised diblock copolymers serve as effective additives for improving the cold flow behaviour of fuels and oils, the copolymers being derived from a terminally-unsaturated intermediate polymer obtained via a metallocene process involving hydrogen.

Abstract: A gas engine lubricating oil composition comprises an oil of lubricating viscosity including at least 90 mass % saturates and no more than 0.03 mass % to sulfur, a metal hydroxybenzoate detergent additive, a dispersant additive, and an aminic or phenolic antioxidant additive, and has a boron concentration, of zero or less than 90 ppm by mass, where boron, if present, is provided at least in part by a boron-containing dispersant additive. The composition exhibits improved lead corrosion properties and no adverse anti-wear properties.

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition which comprises a sulphur containing anti-oxidant and an alkene which exhibits improved nitrile elastomer seal compatibility.

Abstract: A method of reducing low-speed pre-ignition (LSPI) in a direct-injected spark-ignited internal combustion engine comprising lubricating the crankcase of the engine with a composition comprising a combination of a molybdenum-containing additive and a boron-containing additive. Preferably, the composition comprises a calcium detergent providing a calcium content of at least 0.08 wt %, based on the weight of the lubricating oil composition.

Abstract: Automotive transmission fluid compositions are provided having improved power transmission properties through the presence therein of certain defined additives, which increase the fuel efficiency of the vehicle during operation. The invention further provides a process for the manufacture of such transmission fluid compositions, a method of improving the energy efficiency of a transmission, and an additive concentrate for a transmission fluid.

Abstract: It has been found that the balance between friction reduction in the engine crankcase and the maintenance of sufficient friction in the clutch assembly of a 4T motorcycle, where the engine crankcase and the clutch assembly are lubricating by the same lubricating oil composition from a common sump, can be achieved by use of a lubricating oil composition comprising a combination of molybdenum containing additive and ashless organic friction modifier.

Abstract: An improved process for the preparation of polybutene having an exo-olefin content of at least 50 mol. % by the polymerization of iso-butene, or a C4 feed containing iso-butene and other C4 olefins using (i) a Lewis acid.Lewis base catalyst complex and an alkyl halide initiator, in a substantially or completely apolar polymerization medium, in the presence of a hindered alcohol or alkoxyaluminum dichloride. In the above polymerization reaction, it has been found that a hindered alcohol or hindered alkoxyaluminum dichloride will function as an “exo enhancer” resulting in high isobutene conversion and the production of a polybutene product having a high terminal vinylidene content, while maintaining a target molecular weight.

Abstract: Fouling in a hydrocarbon refining process is reduced by adding to a crude hydrocarbon for a refining process, an additive combination including: (A) a polyalkenyl-substituted carboxylic acid or anhydride, and (B) an overbased metal hydrocarbyl-substituted hydroxybenzoate detergent, where the mass:mass ratio of (A) to (B) is in the range of 10:1 to 1:10, and the treat rate of the additive combination is in the range of 5 to 1000 ppm by mass.

Abstract: Trunk piston marine engine crackcase lubrication is effected by a composition made by blending minor amounts of (A) a metal dithiophosphoric acid salt additive component comprising 50 mole % or more of a zinc di (C6 primary alkyl) dithiophosphate, and (B) an overbased metal detergent additive component, with (C) a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity.

Abstract: A method for producing highly reactive olefin polymers wherein at least 50 mol. % of the polymer chains have terminal double bonds, from an impurity-containing isobutylene or a mixed C4 hydrocarbyl feedstock containing isobutylene in which the water content of the feedstock is controlled to be at least equal to the content of polar impurities in the feedstock, and less than the concentration at which the water causes a decrease in vinylidene end-group selectivity.

Abstract: A low S marine fuel trunk piston diesel engine lubricant includes an overbased metal detergent; a zinc dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate; optionally an aminic antioxidant; and a borated ashless dispersant. The lubricant exhibits improved thermal and oxidative stability and improved high temperature detergency.

Abstract: A method of lubricating the contact between a first surface coated with a hydrogenous carbon film or coating of type a-C:H, ta-C:H, a-C:H:Me or a-C:H:X, as classified by VDI-Standard VDI 2840 and a second ferrous, preferably steel surface. The method comprises supplying to said contact a lubricating oil composition comprising a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity and (a) an oil-soluble or oil-dispersible molybdenum compound in an amount such as to provide between 150 and 1000 ppm by weight of molybdenum to the lubricating oil composition, and (b) between 0.1 and 5% by weight with respect to the weight of the lubricating oil composition of a polymeric organic friction modifier, the organic friction modifier being the reaction product of (i) a functionalised polyolefin, (ii) a polyether, (iii) a polyol and (iv) a monocarboxylic acid chain terminating group.

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition, a method of reducing low-speed pre-ignition (LSPI) in a direct-injected spark-ignited internal combustion engine, and a use of a lubricant composition to reduce UPI events in such an engine. Preferably, the composition comprises a detergent package comprising a borated calcium detergent, wherein the detergent package provides a calcium content in the composition of at least 0.12 mass %, based on the total mass of the composition, and wherein the borated calcium detergent provides a boron content in the composition of at least 100 ppmm, based on the total mass of the composition. Optionally, the composition comprises a first detergent comprising a calcium detergent, and a second detergent comprising a borated calcium detergent.

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition, a method of reducing low-speed pre-ignition (LSPI) in a direct-injected spark-ignited internal combustion engine, and a use of a lubricant composition to reduce LSPI events in such an engine. Preferably, the composition comprises a detergent comprising an overbased calcium detergent having a total base number (TBN) of at least 150, wherein the lubricating oil composition has a calcium content of at least 0.08 wt. %, based on the weight of the lubricating oil composition, and wherein the lubricating oil composition has a silicon content of at least 12 ppm by weight, based on the weight of the lubricating oil composition.

Abstract: A lubricating composition comprises an oil of lubricating viscosity, a metal-free pre-ceramic polymer and one or more co-additives. The metal-free pre-ceramic polymer comprises a plurality of repeat units which do not contain oxygen. The pre-ceramic polymers provide the lubricating oil composition with antiwear properties. Also described is a method of lubricating an internal combustion engine and the use of a lubricating oil composition containing a pre-ceramic polymers to inhibit wear in an internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A method for producing highly reactive olefin polymers wherein at least 50 mol. % of the polymer chains have terminal double bonds, from an isobutylene or a mixed C4 hydrocarbyl feedstock containing isobutylene. To achieve a viable process, water is added to the catalyst stream or the feedstock in the overall range of 0.05 mM to less than 5 mM per liter of feedstock.

Abstract: A viscosity index improver containing, in diluent oil, one or more optionally functionalized linear block copolymers having at least one block derived from alkenyl arene covalently linked to at least one block derived from diene in an amount that is greater than the critical overlap concentration (ch*), in mass %, for the linear block copolymers in the diluent oil; and ester base stock and/or at least one star (or radial) polymer, the star polymer being present in an amount such that the c/ch* value of the star polymer in the concentrate falls within the range of from 0.01 to about 1.6, wherein c is the concentration in mass % of star polymer in the concentrate and ch* is the critical overlap concentration in mass % for the star polymer in the diluent oil used to form the concentrate.

Abstract: An overbased magnesium sulfonate detergent is made by (A) preparing a mixture of a sulfonic acid or salt with a magnesium oxide, water, a C1-C5 alkanol, a hydrocarbon solvent, and a combination of a polyisobutene succinic anhydride of molecular weight (Mw) 500 to 1500 g mol?1 and a salicylic acid as first and second promoters; and (B) carbonating the mixture with an acidic gas to form the overbased magnesium sulfonate.

Abstract: An automotive lubricating oil composition for an internal combustion engine comprises (A) an oil of lubricating viscosity in a major amount; and (B) an oil-soluble zinc dithiocarbamate as an additive component in a minor amount in which each of the two amino groups is substituted with an aryl group and with either another aryl group, an aliphatic group or a hydrogen atom, the composition having not greater than 1600 ppm by mass of phosphorus, expressed as phosphorous atom.

Abstract: A metal-containing detergent, suitable for use as a lubricant additive, in the form of a concentrate in oil in which a basic metal-containing material is maintained in dispersion or solution in the oil by a gemini surfactant system comprising, or being derivable or derived from, a double bond-unsaturated carboxylic acid having 8 to 30 carbon atoms, the double bond or bonds of which being functionalized to carry polar groups across or on the double bond or bonds and the carboxylic acid group or groups thereof being functionalized to become an amide or ester group carrying at least one alkyl group having 4 to 20 carbon atoms.