Abstract: A diamond crystal according to the present invention has an NV region containing a complex (NV center) of nitrogen substituted with a carbon atom and a vacancy located adjacent to the nitrogen, on a surface or in the vicinity of the surface, wherein the NV region has a donor concentration equal to or higher than the concentration of the NV centers, or a crystal of the NV region is a {111} face or a face having an off-angle that is ±10 degrees or less against the {111} face, and a principal axis of the NV center is a <111> axis that is perpendicular to the {111} face. Such a diamond crystal enables almost 100% of the NV center to be a state (NV?) of having a negative electric charge, and spin states of the NV? centers to be aligned in one direction.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method and apparatus for injecting a fault and analyzing fault tolerance. The fault tolerance analysis apparatus extracts design information from a design. The fault tolerance analysis apparatus may inject a fault into a simulation of the design based on the extracted design information and parameters, and analyzes an influence of the fault on the simulation. Accordingly, in accordance with the fault tolerance analysis apparatus, fault tolerance for the fault injected into the simulation is analyzed, and the effect of the fault tolerance mechanism provided in the design is analyzed.

Abstract: The size-dependent band-gap tunability and solution processability of nanocrystals (NCs) make them attractive candidates for optoelectronic applications. One factor that presently limits the device performance of NC thin films is sub-bandgap states, also referred to as trap states. Trap states can be controlled by surface treatment of the nanocrystals.

Abstract: A metal powder contains not less than 0.10 mass % and not more than 1.00 mass % of at least one of chromium and silicon, and a balance of copper. The total content of the chromium and the silicon is not more than 1.00 mass %. In accordance with an additive manufacturing method for this metal powder, an additively-manufactured article made from a copper alloy is provided. The additively-manufactured article has both an adequate mechanical strength and an adequate electrical conductivity.

Abstract: This invention includes a sacrificial thin film formation step for chemical-mechanical polishing a temporary substrate made of a readily polishable material and sputtering a metal thin film along the smoothly polished surface, and a first bonding step for forming a sealing frame obtained by bringing at least a noble metal on the metal thin film and bonding a substrate on the sealing frame. This invention also includes a temporary substrate removal step for then removing the metal thin film along with the temporary substrate and exposing a new surface at the tip of the sealing frame; and a second bonding step for sputtering a noble metal thin film around a precision machine element on the machine substrate, bringing the new surface of the sealing frame into contact onto the noble metal thin film and bonding the new surface of the sealing frame onto the noble metal thin film at room temperature.

Abstract: The invention is related to a method for forming dendritic silver with periodic structure as light-trapping layer, includes these steps: form a photoresist layer on a conductive substrate, and at least two coherent light beams is provided in using a laser interference lithography apparatus, to form a plurality of particular patterns respectively on the setting-exposure positions of the conductive substrate in sequence till the particular periods pattern formed. Thereafter, form the dendritic silver nanostructure with period pattern on the conductive substrate via electrochemical process, wherein operating voltage is 2V or higher, and electrochemical reaction time is 10 sec or higher.

Abstract: Provided is a hydrogen storage alloy which is characterized in that two or more crystal phases having different crystal structures are layered in a c-axis direction of the crystal structures. The hydrogen storage alloy is further characterized in that a difference between a maximum value and a minimum value of a lattice constant a in the crystal structures of the laminated two or more crystal phases is 0.03 ? or less.

Abstract: The refrigerator includes: a cooling-water line having a cooling-water pump to thereby send water for cooling a refrigerant inside of a condenser; a lubricating-water supply line connecting the part downstream from the cooling-water pump on the cooling-water line and a compressor 4 and supplying water flowing through the cooling-water line as a lubricant to the compressor 4; and a backup portion supplying water to the lubricating-water supply line instead of supplying water from the cooling-water line when the cooling-water pump is not driven.

Abstract: Skeleton nanoparticles and method of forming the same. The skeleton nanoparticles comprise silica shells. Each of the silica shells has a shape of a cubic frame formed of six faces as a whole. The cubic frame is hollow inside and pores are formed between quadrilateral silica frames on respective faces of the cubic frame. The method comprising: coating an organic acid on surfaces of calcium carbonate particles; dispersing the organic acid-coated calcium carbonate particles in an organic solvent that dissolves a part of the organic acid in the organic acid-coated calcium carbonate particles, and further mixing a silicon alkoxide and a base catalyst to form silica-forming particles by forming the silica shell along an edge of the calcium carbonate particles; and dissolving the calcium carbonate at an inside of the silica-forming particles by an acid treatment.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and reactor for the quasi-continuous performance of a chemical reaction on the surface of a fixed reactant in a gas/solid phase reaction. In particular, the invention relates to a thermal process and a reactor for the continuous preparation of hydrogen from water vapor on the surface of a metal oxide in a gas/solid phase reaction.

Abstract: A plasmonic device having a transparent conducting oxide (TCO) waveguide and a tunable voltage applied across the TCO and a metal layer for modulating an input optical signal.

Abstract: Organic compounds and organic electroluminescence devices employing the same are provided. The organic compound has a chemical structure as represented as follows: wherein, R1 is independently the same or different C1-6 alkyl, and R2 is independently the same or different hydrogen, halogen, cyano, hydroxy, C1-8 alkyl group, C1-8 alkoxy group, C5-10 aryl, or C2-8 heteroaryl group.

Abstract: A composition includes a quantum cluster of Agm or Aun, one or more protector molecules; and a molecular cavity partially or wholly surrounding the quantum cluster. A method for preparing the quantum clusters includes adding a first amount of glutathione to a gold salt, a silver salt, or a mixture thereof to form a mixture; adding a reducing agent to the mixture to form a precipitate; and mixing the precipitate with a second amount of glutathione and a cyclodextrin to form a composition. Devices are prepared from the quantum clusters, and the devices may be used in methods of authentication of articles.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and an apparatus for an intact evaluation of the unit cells in a fuel cell stack. Since the degradation of the unit cells can be detected intactly, i.e. without disassembly of the stack, the time required for the detection and analysis thereof can be greatly reduced.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for catalyzing the conversion of an olefin to any compound containing one or more cyclopropane functional groups using heme enzymes. In certain aspects, the present invention provides a method for producing a cyclopropanation product comprising providing an olefinic substrate, a diazo reagent, and a heme enzyme; and admixing the components in a reaction for a time sufficient to produce a cyclopropanation product. In other aspects, the present invention provides heme enzymes including variants and fragments thereof that are capable of carrying out in vivo and in vitro olefin cyclopropanation reactions. Expression vectors and host cells expressing the heme enzymes are also provided by the present invention.

Abstract: An operation verifying apparatus of a first embodiment acquires a log indicating the content of a sequence of operations performed on a predetermined device, identifies corresponding functions from the log, and automatically generates a program based on the identified functions. Input data, which is to serve as an argument of each of these functions, is set. Execution sets as well as test scenarios are each structured by combining a program and input data. Then each execution set is continuously executed. As a result, an operation test using a test program is executed.

Abstract: A resistance switching device having a high resistance variation ratio, an excellent response characteristic, an excellent resistance memory characteristic (retention characteristics) and an excellent repeat resistance. The resistance switching device comprises an n-type oxide semiconductor and first and second electrodes which are disposed so as to interpose at least a part of the n-type oxide semiconductor therebetween wherein a Schottky junction which provides resistance variation/memory characteristics by the application of voltage having different polarities between the first and second electrodes is formed at an interface between the n-type oxide semiconductor and the first electrode; and the first electrode is positioned such that it is in contact with the n-type oxide semiconductor, and has a lower layer which is formed from Au oxide or a Pt oxide or Au or Pt containing oxygen having the thickness of 1-50 nm.

Abstract: A pose detecting system includes: a marker using a microlens array; a camera; and a computer receiving a marker image. The marker includes: a lens area constituted of the microlens array and a mark array having a plurality of marks arrayed with a pitch similar to that between a plurality of lenses constituting the microlens array so as to produce a moiré pattern; and four reference points. The computer performs: determining the pose of the marker based on the four reference points; analyzing the moiré pattern so as to calculate an angle formed by the marker and a straight line connecting the center of an integrated mark that emerges at the lens area as the moiré pattern and is similar in shape to each of the plurality of marks to a viewpoint at the marker; and correcting the pose of the marker by using the angle.

Abstract: This power converter (1) is provided with: unit cells (11-M) having a semiconductor switch, a DC capacitor (C) and a charge/discharge current I/O terminal; a first arm (12-P) and a second arm (12-N) comprising multiple unit cells (11-M) connected to each other in cascade; an arm connecting unit (13) which has a first terminal to which the first arm (12-P) is connected, a second terminal to which the second arm (12-N) is connected, and a third terminal to which a DC power source is connected; and a transformer (14) which has an AC I/O terminal on the primary side and an intermediate terminal on the secondary side winding, and in which the terminal of the first arm (12-P) and the terminal of the second arm (12-N) are connected to the two end terminals on the secondary winding, and the DC power source (Vdc) is connected to the intermediate terminal.

Abstract: A polymeric film composition and a non-enzymatic glucose sensor including the functional polymeric film are provided. The polymeric film composition includes polyurethane and perfluorosulfonic acid polymer.