Abstract: An apparatus and methods for small-angle electron beam scattering measurements in a reflection or a backscattering mode are provided. The apparatus includes an electron source, electron collimation optics before a sample, electron projection optics after the sample, a sample stage capable of holding the sample, and a electron detector module. The electrons emitted from the source are collimated and positioned to impinge nanostructures on the sample. The signals resulting from the interactions between the impinging electrons and the nanostructures are further magnified by the electron projection optics to reach a sufficient angular resolution before recorded by the electron detector module.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a multiple-capacity centrifugal compressor, which includes a plurality of capacity-control mechanisms. Each of the capacity-control mechanisms includes an inlet guide vane and an outlet diffuser, so that the multiple-capacity centrifugal compressor provides a flexible control strategy. In addition, the present disclosure further provides a method for controlling the multiple-capacity centrifugal compressor that effectively adjusts and controls the capacity-control mechanisms by coarsely adjusting the inlet guide vanes and combined with subsequently adjusting the outlet diffusers.

Abstract: Disclosed is an energy storage system provided with a wired and wireless energy transfer function. The energy storage system includes: an energy input unit to which energy generated from a plurality of energy sources is input; an energy input control unit for selecting one energy source from among the plurality of energy sources, and transferring energy of the selected energy source through operation in a wired operation mode or a wireless operation mode; a wireless energy transmitting/receiving unit for wirelessly transmitting/receiving the energy of the selected energy source during the operation in the wireless operation mode of the energy input control unit; an energy storage/control unit for storing the energy of the selected energy source; an energy output unit for consuming the energy stored in the energy storage/control unit; and an energy output control unit for distributing the energy stored in the energy storage/control unit to the energy output unit.

Abstract: Liquefaction processes are provided that can include: providing a biomass slurry solution having a temperature of at least 300° C. at a pressure of at least 2000 psig; cooling the solution to a temperature of less than 150° C.; and depressurizing the solution to release carbon dioxide from the solution and form at least part of a bio-oil foam. Liquefaction processes are also provided that can include: filtering the biomass slurry to remove particulates; and cooling and depressurizing the filtered solution to form the bio-oil foam. Liquefaction systems are provided that can include: a heated biomass slurry reaction zone maintained above 300° C. and at least 2000 psig and in continuous fluid communication with a flash cooling/depressurization zone maintained below 150° C. and between about 125 psig and about atmospheric pressure. Liquefaction systems are also provided that can include a foam/liquid separation system.

Abstract: A glow plug control apparatus for an engine of a motor vehicle, comprising at least one glow plug; a power source to apply electric power to the at least one glow plug; and a control unit comprising a microprocessor configured and arranged to determine glow plug supply power to be applied from the power source to the at least one glow plug based on input from stored vehicle data and from a plurality of engine sensors, wherein the input includes data of engine operating parameters including fresh air intake mass airflow, intake manifold total mass airflow, intake manifold temperature, coolant temperature, glow plug temperature and total fuel injection quantity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing 5-acetoxymethylfurfural, comprising a step of synthesizing 5-acetoxymethylfurfural by reacting 5-halomethyl furfural with alkylammonium acetate. The present invention can provide a method for preparing 5-acetoxymethylfurfural which is economic and has high reaction efficiency even without using an additional base.

Abstract: Provided is a composite electrode including a metal layer and a composite dielectric layer. The composite dielectric layer includes a metal oxide dielectric layer and a polymer dielectric layer. The composite dielectric layer overlays the metal layer. The polymer dielectric layer includes a nitrogen-containing polymer and overlays the metal oxide dielectric layer. An electrolytic capacitor is also provided. The electrolytic capacitor has a polymer dielectric layer made of a nitrogen-containing polymer, and such polymer dielectric layer is beneficial to increase the insulating property of the metal oxide dielectric layer and the coverage property of the conductive polymer. Thereby, the conventional leakage current can be significantly reduced and the yield can be improved.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a plate-type heat exchange reactor and a method of manufacturing thereof, and there is provided a method of manufacturing a plate-type heat exchange reactor and a plate-type heat exchange reactor manufactured in the manufacturing method, the method including the steps of preparing side surface plates respectively provided with a plurality of slits formed in parallel along a longitudinal direction; arranging two side surface plates in a vertical direction to face each other with a space therebetween; forming a plurality of fluid passage channels by inserting a plurality of fluid passage partition walls into the slits provided on the two side surface plates in parallel in a horizontal direction; and bonding the side surface plates and the fluid passage partition walls.

Abstract: A molding package assembly is provided, which includes a substrate and first and second molding packages stacked on the substrate. Each of the first and second molding packages has a semiconductor element, an anti-warping structure disposed around a periphery of the semiconductor element, a molding material encapsulating the semiconductor element and the anti-warping structure, and a protection layer formed on the semiconductor element, the molding material and the anti-warping structure. The anti-warping structure facilitates to prevent warping of the molding package assembly during a molding process.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for an oxy-fuel combustion power cycle are provided, including converting gaseous carbon dioxide to liquid and/or supercritical carbon dioxide which may include the use of a cryogenic pump, removing a portion of the liquid and/or supercritical carbon dioxide from the cycle, combusting oxygen and a combustion fuel with the remaining liquid and/or supercritical carbon dioxide in an oxy-fuel combustor to generate steam and additional liquid and/or supercritical carbon dioxide which replaces the portion of the liquid and/or supercritical carbon dioxide sequestered from the cycle.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are an electrolyte-membraneless microbial fuel cell, in-series stack thereof, and in-parallel combination thereof. According to various implementation examples, problems relating to scaling up and modularization are overcome, and problems relating to using an electrolyte membrane are solved.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an apparatus and method for extracting correspondences between aerial images. The apparatus includes a line extraction unit, a line direction determination unit, a building top area extraction unit, and a correspondence extraction unit. The line extraction unit extracts lines corresponding buildings from aerial images. The line direction determination unit defines the directions of the lines as x, y and z axis directions based on a two-dimensional (2D) coordinate system. The building top area extraction unit rotates lines in the x and y axis directions so that the lines are arranged in parallel with the horizontal and vertical directions of the 2D image, and then extracts building top areas from rectangles. The correspondence extraction unit extracts correspondences between the aerial images by comparing the locations of the building top areas extracted from the aerial images.

Abstract: Systems and methods for antenna pointing are disclosed. A transmit antenna system having an adjustable boresight transmits a signal exhibiting a far-field pattern including a feature (e.g. a V-Notch) in a polarization of the signal disposed at a fixed position off a beam peak of the far-field pattern of the signal. A receive antenna system scans across the far-field pattern of the signal in the polarization to locate the feature and determine a pointing error of the adjustable boresight therefrom. The system may be applied to a cross-polarization of the signal where a co-polarization of the signal is simultaneously used for telecommunication.

Abstract: The present invention provides an oxidative decontamination reagent for removal of the dense radioactive oxide layer on a metal surface, which comprises an oxidizing agent, a metal ion, and an inorganic acid. The oxidative decontamination reagent of the present invention is characteristically prepared by adding a metal ion to the conventional oxidative decontamination reagent containing an oxidizing agent and an inorganic acid. When the oxidative decontamination reagent of the present invention is used, electric potential of the metal parts of the primary system of the nuclear power plant can be regulated as passive potential owing to the added metal ion during the oxidative decontamination of the primary metal part of the nuclear power plant. Therefore, by maintaining electric potential of the metal part as passive potential, local corrosion can be inhibited and at the same time secondary waste can be significantly reduced.

Abstract: An electronic device including at least one electronic component and a method of manufacturing the same are provided. The electronic device may include a substrate, a semiconductor layer disposed on the substrate, an insulating layer disposed on the semiconductor layer, and a first metal layer disposed on the insulating layer. The insulating layer may have a pattern corresponding to a pattern of the semiconductor layer or the first metal layer. The flexible layer has a Young's modulus less than 40 GPa and is disposed on the substrate to encapsulate the semiconductor layer. At least one first opening penetrates the flexible layer. At least one second metal layer is disposed on the flexible layer and in the first opening and electrically connected to the semiconductor layer.

Abstract: A FinFET device and a method for manufacturing the same. The FinFET device includes a plurality of fins each extending in a first direction on a substrate; a plurality of gate stacks each being disposed astride the plurality of fins and extending in a second direction; a plurality of source/drain region pairs, respective source/drain regions of each source/drain region pair being disposed on opposite sides of the each gate stack in the second direction; and a plurality of channel regions each comprising a portion of a corresponding fin between the respective source/drain regions of a corresponding source/drain pair, wherein the each fin comprises a plurality of protruding cells on opposite side surfaces in the second direction.

Abstract: Provided is a method of driving multi electrical field emission devices. The method includes: respectively connecting first current control circuit devices for current path formation to a plurality of electric field emission devices; commonly connecting a second current control circuit device to the first current control circuit devices to commonly control the first current control circuit devices; and driving the first current control circuit devices at different timings when the second current control circuit device is driven.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel customized sRNA that reduces gene expression in prokaryotic cells, a preparation method thereof, and the use thereof, and more particularly to a synthetic sRNA comprising an Hfq binding site, derived from the sRNA of any one of MicC, SgrS and MicF, and a region that base-pairs with the target gene mRNA, and to a preparation method thereof and the use thereof. The synthetic sRNA according to the invention has an advantage in that the degree of inhibition of the target gene can be controlled by regulating the ability of the synthetic sRNA to bind to the mRNA of the target gene. The use of the synthetic sRNA that regulates the expression of the target gene makes it possible to effectively construct a recombinant microorganism without using a conventional gene deletion method and to reduce the expression of the target gene, and thus the synthetic sRNA is useful for the production of recombinant microorganisms.

Abstract: Technologies are generally described to determine a download throughput of a wireless connection in an environment hosting multiple wired and wireless connections. According to some examples, a compound probe may be transmitted from a source to a wireless destination. Another compound probe may also be transmitted from the source to the wireless destination. The compound probes may include multiple packets without any dispersion gap. Next, an average intra-packet gap (AIPG) and a minimum intra-packet gap (MIPG) may be determined from the first compound probe. Furthermore, another MIPG may be determined from the later compound probe. The download throughput from the source to the wireless destination may be computed from the AIPG and the MIPGs.

Abstract: Non-invasive THz spectroscopic apparatus and methods are provided for measuring the average diffusion coefficients for a structure such as cork. The methods may be used to image the localized presence of water in the structure to produce time-dependent images of liquid propagation in the structure.