Abstract: A tool holder holding a tool according to the present invention includes: a tool mounting unit forming and penetrating a tool fixing hole having an interior diameter that is relatively smaller than an exterior diameter of a shank unit of the tool; and at least one shape memory alloy ring inserted and arranged to a ring fixing hole formed at the tool mounting unit to have an interior diameter that is relatively larger than the tool fixing hole, wherein an interior diameter size of the tool fixing hole is forcibly changed by deformation of a shape memory alloy ring by a heating source and a cooling source provided to the shape memory alloy ring for clamping or unclamping the tool.

Abstract: A current sensing circuit comprises a high frequency signal generator, an electromagnetic exchanger, and a demodulation circuit. The high frequency signal generator generates a high frequency signal. The electromagnetic exchanger couples to the high frequency signal generator, and receives the high frequency signal to generate a high frequency magnetic field. The high frequency magnetic field modulates the magnetic field induced by a current to generate a modulated magnetic field. The electromagnetic exchanger induces the modulated magnetic field to output a modulated signal. The demodulation circuit couples to the electromagnetic exchanger, and performs demodulation to output a sensing result according to the modulated signal.

Abstract: An injection device for injecting a product into an eye, said device comprising an injection needle and a support on which the injection needle is fixed, said device being characterized in that it comprises a locating mark disposed in such a way that the latter can be placed in contact with a defined bearing region of the surface of the eye, before any contact of the injection needle with said surface, and can then be kept in contact with said bearing region during a stage of penetration of said injection needle through said surface of the eye.

Abstract: An osteochondral scaffold has a chondrogenic spiral scaffold in one end of an outer shell made of sintered microspheres, and an osteogenic spiral scaffold in the other end of the outer shell. Each spiral scaffold has nanofibers of a composition selected to promote attachment and proliferation of the desired types of cells. The nanofibers for the chondrogenic spiral scaffold have a different composition than the nanofibers for the osteogenic spiral scaffold. The nanofibers of each spiral scaffold are aligned to orient the attached cells so as to recreate the structure of the native tissue.

Abstract: A server receives a first echo request message which complies with an Internet control message protocol, extracts filtering information from hear information of the received first echo request message, and when a second echo request message which complies with the Internet control message protocol is received, compares header information of the received second echo request message and the extracted filtering information so as to determine whether to block an attacking packet for the received second echo request message. According to the present invention, the server blocks the attacking packet using the Internet control message protocol, thereby blocking a denial-of-service attack.

Abstract: An aspect of the present disclosure relates to a fluid bearing having an adjustable effective surface area and a method of adjusting the load carrying capacity of a fluid bearing. The fluid bearing may include a bore defining a central longitudinal axis and lubricating fluid provided within the bore. The fluid bearing may also include a bearing including a bearing surface, wherein at least a portion of the bearing is positioned within the bore. An adjustable effective bearing surface area may also be provided. The method includes adjusting effective bearing surface area of the bearing.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for providing a driver-customized service. The present invention is configured to collect bio-signal information of a driver from a first sensor, collect current health condition information of the driver based on data stored in a health information DB, collect environmental condition information of an interior of a vehicle from a second sensor, collect environmental condition information of an exterior of the vehicle from a third sensor, generate a driving index based on the pieces of information collected from the first to third sensors and the health information DB, and perform a vehicle control operation corresponding to the driving index. Accordingly, the present invention not only enables the accident risk of drivers to be decreased, but also allows the drivers to drive their vehicles, which were considered to be only transportation means, in a safer and more comfortable environment.

Abstract: The invention relates to the production of flavonoids and flavonoid precursors in cells through recombinant expression of tyrosine ammonia lyase (TAL), 4-coumarate:CoA ligase (4CL), chalcone synthase (CHS), and chalcone isomerase (CHI).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for burying a conductive mesh in a transparent electrode, and more particularly, to a method which prevents a conductive mesh from protruding from a transparent electrode by burying the conductive mesh in the transparent electrode.

Abstract: An Alternate Current (AC) white Light-Emitting Diode (LED) device is provided, which belongs to the technical field of white LED manufacturing. The problem to be solved by the present invention is to low-costly overcome a series of deficiencies such as the stroboflash of an AC driven LED, and the heat dissipation difficulty caused by an integrated packaging of multiple LEDs. A white LED unit includes an LED chip and a light emitting material that can emit light when being excited by the LED chip. The luminous lifetime of the light emitting material is 1-100 ms. The LED chip only comprises one PN junction. The light emitted by the LED chip is mixed with the light emitted by the light emitting material to form white light. The white LED unit is driven by AC with a frequency not more than 100 Hz. The white LED device of prevent invention uses the single PN junction chip, rather than the prior integrated packaged AC multi-LED chip.

Abstract: Provided are a multi-layer interconnection structure and a manufacturing method thereof. The multi-layer interconnection structure includes a substrate; a first wiring on the substrate; an interlayer insulation layer on the first wiring; a second wiring on the interlayer insulation layer; and a via contact including at least one conductive filament penetrating through the interlayer insulation layer between the second wiring and the first wiring to be electrically connected to the first wiring and the second wiring.

Abstract: In a medium access control method of an access point for a wireless LAN, the access point is capable of full-duplex communication, and the medium access control method includes receiving a frame header of a first data frame from a first terminal, and transmitting a second data frame to a second terminal while the first data frame is received from the first terminal.

Abstract: The invention provides compounds, methods, pharmaceutical compositions, and kits for the treatment of proliferative disorders such as cancer. In one aspect, the methods comprise compounds that inhibit the activity of protein kinases, such as cell division cycle (Cdc) kinase. In another aspect, the methods comprise compounds that inhibit Cdc7 and/or Dbf4 activity. In another aspect, the methods comprise compounds that exhibit anti-proliferative properties useful in treating diseases such as cancer. Compounds useful for any of the methods include compounds of the Formula (A) or (B) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. Exemplary compounds of Formula (A) or (B) include granaticin A, granaticin B, dihydrogranaticin A, dihydrogranaticin B, medermycin, and actinorhodin.

Abstract: A system and methods for controlling pulse parameters during transcranial magnetic stimulation are provided. Multiple coils are placed on external body parts, and are controlled using an external control unit coupled to a stimulator having fast switches. The timing of the switches, as well as other parameters within the stimulator, determine the pulse parameters, such as pulse shape. The variety of pulse shapes obtainable using such a system and methods provides controlled physiologic effects within an internal body organ.

Abstract: Organo-metallic materials with reduced steric hindrance and the ability to aggregate are disclosed. The metal remains capable of binding additional molecules. As an example, Zn complexes that prove aggregation are provided. Such aggregation may help improve or trigger new surface properties of the materials, alone or in combination with others. In a further implementation of the present disclosure, a robust molecule that resists degradation via nucleophilic, electrophilic and radical attacks is provided. Coordinated O2 is reduced catalytically, producing efficiently thyil radicals in spite of the extreme electronic deficiency of the catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention addresses the problem of providing a method for synthesizing hexagonal tungsten nitride by synthesizing hexagonal tungsten nitride as a main product, and of providing the hexagonal tungsten nitride. The problem is solved through use of a method for synthesizing hexagonal tungsten nitride comprising synthesizing hexagonal tungsten nitride by heating a starting material powder containing a tungsten halide and an alkali metal nitride and/or an alkaline earth metal nitride.

Abstract: There is provided a method for transmitting and receiving data capable of effectively suppressing the consumption of power.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions and methods for detecting the presence of viable cells in a sample. Included are compositions and methods for increasing the sensitivity of a nucleic acid amplification test for determining the presence of at least one target microorganism in a sample. Also disclosed are compositions and methods for detecting ribosomal RNA precursors (pre-rRNA) as dynamic indicators of viable microorganisms in a sample.

Abstract: Disclosed are an electrode patch for measuring an electric signal of a body and a physiological signal measurement apparatus using the same. The electrode patch includes a support layer formed of a conductive elastic material and formed to measure an electrical signal from a body adhered thereto, a first adhesive part formed on one surface of the support layer and attached to or detached from the body, and a second adhesive part formed on the other surface of the support layer and attached to or detached from an electric circuit for transferring the electrical signal from the body. The first adhesive part and the second adhesive part are formed of the same conductive elastic material as the support layer.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus for fixing a solid immersion lens (SIL) in an optical system. The apparatus includes a first adapter; a second adapter screw-coupled to the inner surface of the first adapter and screw-coupled to the outer surface of a third adapter to pressurize a first O-ring; the third adapter screw-coupled to the inner surfaces of the second adapter and a fourth adapter; the fourth adapter screw-coupled to the outer surface of the third adapter to pressurize a second O-ring; the first and second O-rings elastically fixing an outer surface of a barrel of an infrared ray (IR) objective lens; and an SIL holder mounting the SIL onto the first adapter.