Abstract: Disclosed is a method of resolving a heavy metal contamination source based on a sequential extraction scheme and an isotope analysis scheme. Pb isotopes are eluted at 5 types of “cation exchange fraction”, “carbonate fraction”, “iron-oxide and manganese hydroxide-fraction”, “organic matters and sulfide fraction”, and “residual fraction” existing at other types and separated from each other in each step. The Pb isotopes are analyzed and the origins of the Pb isotopes are specified in each step. The contamination source of the Pb isotope including 204Pb, 206Pb, and 207Pb is specified from a correlation between a ratio of 206Pb/204Pb obtained from a content of 206Pb and a content of 204Pb and a ratio of 206Pb/207Pb obtained from a content of 206Pb and a content of 207Pb in the Pb isotope.

Abstract: Ocular analgesics for topical administration are described. The topical ocular analgesic includes a neo-tryptophan-containing neurotensin analog. The topical ocular analgesic may alternatively include a buffered salt solution, a local anesthetic solution, a tissue penetrating agent, and/or an opiate. The neo-tryptophan-containing neurotensin analog may be present in a dose of about 0.0005 to about 1.2 mg.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for preparing a metal fluoride catalyst as a dehydrofluorination catalyst having high activity under a mild condition using a trifluoroacetic acid solution with no use of HF gas having fluidity and corrosive property. Disclosed also is a dehydrofluorination method for preparing HFO-1225ye from HFP-236ea by using the catalyst with high efficiency.

Abstract: In a fabrication method of a silicon carbide semiconductor element including a drift layer playing a role of retaining a high withstand voltage on a front side of a semiconductor substrate of silicon carbide and including an ohmic electrode on a backside, dicing is added to form at least one dicing line in an element active region on a surface of the semiconductor substrate on a side opposite of the drift layer before forming the ohmic electrode on the backside of the semiconductor substrate. Thus, a silicon carbide semiconductor element and fabrication method thereof is provided such that even if the semiconductor substrate is made thinner to reduce the on-resistance, the strength of the substrate can be maintained and cracking of the wafer during wafer processing can be reduced.

Abstract: A large capacity optical transceiver module includes: an optical transmitter configured to convert electric signals input from an external source into optical signals to transmit the converted signals, in which the electric signals are directly modulated into optical signals in a plurality of sub groups to be multiplexed; and an optical receiver configured to receive optical signals from the external source, and to convert the received optical signals into electric signals to output the converted signals, in which the optical signals are demultiplexed in a plurality of sub groups to be converted into electric signals.

Abstract: A compound represented by the formula (1): wherein Xa and Ya are each a single bond and the like, cancer antigen peptide A is an MHC class I-restricted WT1 peptide consisting of 7-30 amino acid residues, R1 is a hydrogen atom, a group represented by the formula (2): wherein Xb and Yb are each a single bond and the like, cancer antigen peptide B has a sequence different from that of the cancer antigen peptide A, and is an MHC class I-restricted WT1 peptide consisting of 7-30 amino acid residues, or cancer antigen peptide C, and cancer antigen peptide C has a sequence different from that of the cancer antigen peptide A, and is an MHC class I-restricted WT1 peptide or an MHC class II-restricted WT1 peptide, consisting of 7-30 amino acid residues containing one cysteine residue, or a salt thereof, and the like.

Abstract: Provided is a method and apparatus for providing search service based on a knowledge structure. The method includes; searching and providing a document corresponding to a query input by a user; generating a knowledge structure corresponding to the document and additionally providing the knowledge structure; when one of a plurality of keywords included in the knowledge structure is selected, additionally searching relevant documents including the keyword; calculating document similarity by comparing and analyzing the knowledge structure of the document and knowledge structures of the relevant documents; and performing a document recommending operation or a document providing operation based on the similarity calculation result.

Abstract: In a medium access control method of an access point for a wireless LAN, the access point is capable of full-duplex communication, and the medium access control method includes receiving a frame header of a first data frame from a first terminal, and transmitting a second data frame to a second terminal while the first data frame is received from the first terminal.

Abstract: Disclosed are an avalanche photodiode with a guard ring structure that relieves edge breakdown by an external voltage which is applied through a metal pad which is attached to the guard ring and a manufacturing method thereof. An avalanche photodiode with a guard ring structure includes a plurality of semiconductor layers laminated on a substrate; an active region partially formed above the semiconductor layers; a guard ring which is formed above the semiconductor layers and disposed so as to be spaced apart from the active region and have a ring shape that encloses the active region; and a connecting unit formed on the semiconductor layers to be electrically connected to the guard ring so as to apply an external voltage to the guard ring region. Therefore, the external voltage is applied to the guard ring of the avalanche diode through the connecting unit to relieve the edge breakdown.

Abstract: A system that determines promotional pricing for a product and for an objective function receives a non-linear time-dependent optimization problem for the product, where the non-linear problem includes a demand model and a plurality of constraints, and the constraints include a price ladder that includes a plurality of time periods and a non-promotional price for the product at each time period. For each of the time periods, the system determines a change in the objective function when the price at that time period includes a promotional price and all other prices on the price ladder are set to the non-promotional price to generate coefficients. The system determines a maximum value of the coefficients at each time period, and generates an approximate Mixed Integer Programming (“MIP”) problem based on the coefficients. The system determines a Linear Programming (“LP”) relaxation of the MIP problem, and solves the LP relaxation.

Abstract: Provided is an image encoding/decoding apparatus and method.

Abstract: Disclosed are a magnetic resonance (MR) image generating method and apparatus that perform imaging on an MR image by using a radio frequency (RF) multi-coil which includes a plurality of channel coils. The MR image generating method includes generating a plurality of pieces of K-space completion data which respectively correspond to the plurality of channel coils and converting the plurality of pieces of K-space completion data to a frequency domain in order to generate a plurality of pieces of image data, combining the plurality of pieces of image data in order to acquire an MR image, and acquiring phase information which relates to the MR image based on the plurality of pieces of image data and the plurality of pieces of K-space completion data.

Abstract: A communication method of a source device according to an embodiment includes detecting a status of a first link directly connected from the source device to a destination device or a status of a second link connected from the source device to the destination device via a relay device, selecting any one of the first link and the second link based on a result of the detection, and transmitting data using the selected link.

Abstract: A method of forming graphene includes placing a substrate in a processing chamber and introducing a cleaning gas including hydrogen and nitrogen into the processing chamber. The method also includes introducing a carbon source into the processing chamber and initiating a microwave plasma in the processing chamber. The method further includes subjecting the substrate to a flow of the cleaning gas and the carbon source for a predetermined period of time to form the graphene.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a medium access control method in a single channel wireless network environment, which is a medium access control method of a receiving side terminal capable of communicating in a full-duplex communication scheme. The medium access control method includes: receiving a frame header of a data frame; and transmitting an ACK frame in response to the frame header.

Abstract: Provided is a flexible device, which includes a flexible substrate, a plurality of electrode lines provided on the flexible substrate and configured to contact the following anisotropic conductive film and then extend to a side of the flexible substrate, an anisotropic conductive film configured to contact the electrode line and laminated on the flexible substrate, a plurality of bumps provided on the anisotropic conductive film, and a circuit board having an electronic device provided at one side thereof and configured to contact the plurality of bumps.

Abstract: Provided are a purification method and apparatus for radioactive wastewater. The purification method and apparatus for radioactive wastewater according to the present invention, which is a biological purification apparatus for radioactive wastewater containing radioactive iodine, includes: an anoxic tank into which wastewater containing radioactive iodine is introduced; and a microbial purification tank connected to the anoxic tank so as to allow wastewater in an anaerobic state to be introduced and supplied with a metal reducing bacteria source, an electron donor, and a copper ion source, wherein radioactive iodine and copper ions are bound to each other to form copper iodide by metal reducing bacteria, and the formed copper iodide is precipitated in the microbial purification tank, such that the radioactive iodide in the wastewater is removed as sludge.

Abstract: Provided is a method of preparing cellulose fiber and carbon fiber by recycling industrial wood waste, wherein the carbon fiber is prepared by preparing high purity cellulose pulp by using, as a raw material, wood waste generated by manufacturers of pulp, furniture and other industrial products from wood and by eliminating resin and lignin impregnated in the wood waste through pulping and bleaching of the raw material, by preparing cellulose fiber by directly dissolving the prepared pulp in a cellulose solvent, and then by performing stabilizing and carbonizing with the cellulose fiber as a precursor.

Abstract: An ion manipulation method and device to prevent loss of ions is disclosed. The device includes a pair of surfaces. An inner array of electrodes is coupled to the surfaces. A RF voltage and a DC voltage are alternately applied to the inner array of electrodes. The applied RF voltage is alternately positive and negative so that immediately adjacent or nearest neighbor RF applied electrodes are supplied with RF signals that are approximately 180 degrees out of phase.

Abstract: A cyber-physical system and a method of monitoring a virtual machine thereof are provided. The cyber-physical system includes a plurality of target controllers that includes middleware operating based on different operating systems and that control different targets, and a system monitor that includes integrated middleware of analyzing and synthesizing information collected from the middleware. First virtual machines corresponding to virtualization of the target controllers and a second virtual machine corresponding to virtualization of the system monitor are independently formed through a virtual machine monitor.