Abstract: A communication method of a source device according to an embodiment includes detecting a status of a first link directly connected from the source device to a destination device or a status of a second link connected from the source device to the destination device via a relay device, selecting any one of the first link and the second link based on a result of the detection, and transmitting data using the selected link.

Abstract: A method of forming graphene includes placing a substrate in a processing chamber and introducing a cleaning gas including hydrogen and nitrogen into the processing chamber. The method also includes introducing a carbon source into the processing chamber and initiating a microwave plasma in the processing chamber. The method further includes subjecting the substrate to a flow of the cleaning gas and the carbon source for a predetermined period of time to form the graphene.

Abstract: A beamforming apparatus and method for expanding coverage of a control channel are provided, by which neighboring communication devices are classified according to the number of beams that they can receive, and therefore the frequency or period of beam transmission is adjusted to transmit a control channel by a beamforming method. Hence, an overhead reduction and an increase in transmission rate can be achieved, and coverage holes can be prevented.

Abstract: An opto-electrical oscillator includes, in part, first and second optical phase modulators, a coupler, an optical-to-electrical signal conversion circuit, and a control circuit. The first optical phase modulator modulates the phase of a first optical signal in response to a first feedback signal to generate a first phase modulated signal. The second optical phase modulator modulates the phase of a second optical signal in response to a second feedback signal to generate a second phase modulated signal. The first and second optical signals travel through first and second optical paths respectively and are generated from the same optical source. The optical-to-electrical signal conversion circuit receives an optical signal from the coupler and in response generates an electrical signal applied to the control circuit. The output signals of the control circuit cause the first and second feedback signals to be out of phase.

Abstract: Methods are provided for treating invasion of a tumor or metastasis of a tumor in a subject comprising administering to the subject an agent which inhibits the interaction of Mena with an alpha5 integrin. Assays for identifying agents that inhibit interaction of Mena with an alpha5 integrin are also provided.

Abstract: One aspect of the invention relates to a linker-free, one-step method of grafting polymer films onto organic substrates, and the films obtained by such a method. In certain embodiments, the grafted polymer films are conductive. In certain embodiments, said grafting method utilizes the ability for Friedel-Crafts catalyst to form radical cations from organic substrates. In one embodiment, the method provides poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT) thin films grafted to organic substrates. In other embodiments, the method is applicable to the polymerization of other monomers to yield conducting polymers, such as polyanilines, polypyrroles, polyfurans, polythiophenes and their derivatives. Remarkably, the polymer films grafted by the inventive methods show enormous increases in adhesion strength. Further, in certain embodiments, polymer patterns were easily obtained using the inventive methods and soft lithography techniques.

Abstract: Described herein are methods and materials useful for improving root growth and nutrient uptake in cereal grasses. In particular, present disclosure provides methods for increasing root growth and nutrient uptake in a cereal grass involving marker assisted selection and backcrossing. The present disclosure also provides recombinant DNA for the generation of transgenic plants, transgenic plant cells, and methods of producing the same. The present disclosure also provides materials and methods useful for improving the tolerance of a cereal grass to phosphorus-deficiency The present disclosure further provides methods for generating transgenic seed that can be used to produce a transgenic plant having increased root growth, nutrient uptake, and phosphorus-deficiency tolerance.

Abstract: Various embodiments are generally directed to techniques for increasing the amount of information conveyed per graphical object in graphical presentations of data. A non-transitory machine-readable storage medium includes instructions, that when executed, cause a computing device to determine a major range of values occurring during a major period, the major period including a shorter minor period; and generate a vector graph including a graphical object and an axis indicating a scale. The graphical object may include a major period line parallel to the axis and indicating the major range; and a minor period arrow overlying and pointing in a direction parallel to the length of the major period line, the point and base of the minor period arrow overlying the major period line at locations indicating values at an end and at a start, respectively, of the minor period. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Abstract: An optical inspection system suitable for inspecting a thin film is provided, in which a computer controls a controller to rotate angles of at least two of a polarization device, a phase compensation device and an analyzer at various incident wavelengths and incident angles of a light source, such that the intensities of a first image corresponding to the incident wavelengths and the incident angles of the light source are zero. The computer further records the rotated angles of at least two of the polarization device, the phase compensation device and the analyzer and intensities of a second image corresponding to the incident wavelengths and the incident angles when the intensities of the first image are zero, thereby obtaining a profiling diagram and a maximum intensity of the second images, in which the maximum intensity corresponds to a maximum grey level.

Abstract: The present invention provides a semiconductor structure comprising: a semiconductor base located on an insulating layer, wherein the insulating layer is located on a semiconductor substrate; source/drain regions, which are in contact with first sidewalls of the semiconductor base opposite to each other; gates located on second sidewalls of the semiconductor base opposite to each other; an insulating via located on the insulating layer and embedded into the semiconductor base; and an epitaxial layer sandwiched between the insulating via and the semiconductor base. The present invention further provides a method for manufacturing a semiconductor structure comprising: forming an insulating layer on a semiconductor substrate; forming a semiconductor base on the insulating layer; forming a void within the semiconductor base, wherein the void exposes the semiconductor substrate; forming an epitaxial layer in the void through selective epitaxy; and forming an insulating via within the void.

Abstract: Provided are a purification method and apparatus for radioactive wastewater. The purification method and apparatus for radioactive wastewater according to the present invention, which is a biological purification apparatus for radioactive wastewater containing radioactive iodine, includes: an anoxic tank into which wastewater containing radioactive iodine is introduced; and a microbial purification tank connected to the anoxic tank so as to allow wastewater in an anaerobic state to be introduced and supplied with a metal reducing bacteria source, an electron donor, and a copper ion source, wherein radioactive iodine and copper ions are bound to each other to form copper iodide by metal reducing bacteria, and the formed copper iodide is precipitated in the microbial purification tank, such that the radioactive iodide in the wastewater is removed as sludge.

Abstract: A particle processing device includes a fluid flow path, a multi-filtering portion and a fluid transferring portion. A fluid having particles flows through the fluid flow path. The multi-filtering portion is installed in the fluid flow path. The multi-filtering portion includes at least two membrane structures. The membrane structures have different shaped openings for passing the fluid therethrough respectively. The membrane structures are arranged alone or together in the fluid flow path. The fluid transferring portion transfers the fluid forwardly or backwardly through the fluid flow path such that the fluid passes through the multi-filtering portion.

Abstract: A functional electrical stimulation system having a boost module to raise an output voltage of a primary power to a first preset voltage, an energy storage module, connected to the boost module, configured to store electrical energy of the first preset voltage, a central control unit configured to generate data packets of electrical stimulation parameters, and an electrical stimulation output channel, connected to the energy storage module, configured to receive the data packets of electrical stimulation parameters, analyze the electrical stimulation parameters from the data packets, convert electrical energy stored in the energy storage module to an electrical stimulation pulse corresponding to the electrical stimulation parameters and apply the electrical stimulation pulse to a part of a user.

Abstract: Feedback loops can be used to shift and stabilize the carrier-envelope phase of a frequency comb from a mode-locked fibers laser or other optical source. Compared to other frequency shifting and stabilization techniques, feedback-based techniques provide a wideband closed-loop servo bandwidth without optical filtering, beam pointing errors, or group velocity dispersion. It also enables phase locking to a stable reference, such as a Ti:Sapphire laser, continuous-wave microwave or optical source, or self-referencing interferometer, e.g., to within 200 mrad rms from DC to 5 MHz. In addition, stabilized frequency combs can be coherently combined with other stable signals, including other stabilized frequency combs, to synthesize optical pulse trains with pulse durations of as little as a single optical cycle. Such a coherent combination can be achieved via orthogonal control, using balanced optical cross-correlation for timing stabilization and balanced homodyne detection for phase stabilization.

Abstract: Provided are a method of transmitting a dedicated reference signal (DRS), a method of receiving a DRS, and a feedback method of a terminal. The method of transmitting a DRS includes determining a DRS transmitting resource for at least one terminal which is a target of transmission, and transmitting the DRS using the determined transmission resource and notifying the terminal of information about layer used by the terminal. The method of receiving a DRS includes determining a DRS receiving resource, receiving information about layer used by a terminal from a serving cell base station, and receiving the DRS for the terminal using the determined reception resource and the information about layer. Accordingly, a terminal can find the position and sequence of its DRS. In particular, in the case of multi-user multiple input multiple output (MU-MIMO) or joint scheduling, it is possible to prevent or remove signal interference using the DRS of another terminal.

Abstract: Disclosed are apparatus and method for alternative aeration-effluent wastewater treatment using a ceramic membrane, which allows the biological treatment to be performed sufficiently in an intermittent aeration tank by combining an anaerobic tank with a plurality of intermittent aeration tanks and selectively changing an inflow path of influent water according to an operation status of the intermittent aeration tanks. The present disclosure is directed to providing an apparatus and method for alternative aeration-effluent wastewater treatment, which allows the aeration and treated water to continuously discharge through two intermittent aeration tanks by independently forming an air injection line and a treated water discharge line at a ceramic membrane provided in each intermittent aeration tank.

Abstract: Electrodeposition involving an electrolyte having a surface-smoothing additive can result in self-healing, instead of self-amplification, of initial protuberant tips that give rise to roughness and/or dendrite formation on the substrate and/or film surface. For electrodeposition of a first conductive material (C1) on a substrate from one or more reactants in an electrolyte solution, the electrolyte solution is characterized by a surface-smoothing additive containing cations of a second conductive material (C2), wherein cations of C2 have an effective electrochemical reduction potential in the solution lower than that of the reactants.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for transmitting an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal including converting a distribution of a signal in which inverse Fourier transform is performed in an OFDM system and a method of receiving an OFDM signal including expanding a received signal are provided, and by changing a magnitude distribution of a signal that is output from an OFDM modulator to a bimodal Gaussian distribution, an influence of noise in a receiving terminal can be reduced, and by limiting a signal that is output from an OFDM modulator to an appropriate magnitude, a phase in the receiving terminal can be prevented being wrongly demodulated.

Abstract: A calculation processing apparatus includes a monitor, a CPU, a memory and a hard disk. The hard disk stores an initial program input from outside, a network creation program, a network modifying program, network information, node operation definition, and learning variables. The CPU executes the network creation program, and creates network information related to a network representing an algorithm structure of the initial program. Further, the CPU executes the network modifying program and modifies the network information based on the result of calculation by the network, using a learning algorithm.

Abstract: An apparatus for executing components based on a thread pool includes a component executor configured to have a set priority and period, to register components having the set priority and period, and to execute the registered components. Further, the apparatus for executing the components based on the thread pool includes a thread pool configured to allocate a thread for executing the component executor; and an Operating System (OS) configured to create an event for allocating the thread to the component executor in each set period.