Abstract: A method of reliable radio communication network duplication for a high speed train and a radio communication-based high speed train control system are provided. For the construction of radio communication network duplication of a high speed train control system, radio communication networks can be alternately disposed so that handover delay and disconnection at the interface between communication cells can be prevented during the handover at the same time.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for encoding and decoding audio signals using adaptive sinusoidal coding are provided. The audio signal encoding method includes the steps of dividing a synthesized audio signal into a plurality of sub-bands, calculating the energy of each sub-band, selecting a predetermined number of sub-bands having a relatively large amount of energy from the sub-bands, and performing sinusoidal coding with regard to the selected sub-bands. Application of sinusoidal coding based on consideration of the amount of energy of each sub-band of the synthesized signal improves the quality of the synthesized signal more efficiently.

Abstract: A video search method and an apparatus thereof are provided. In the video search method, the bit streams of a query video file and a plurality of video files to be searched are parsed to obtain a plurality of corresponding motion vectors (MVs). A plurality of corresponding MV maps is constructed in a time domain according to the MVs. Correlations are obtained according to the MV map corresponding to the query video file and the MV maps corresponding to the video files, and a video search result is obtained according to the correlations.

Abstract: Disclosed are a system and method for managing personalization information of a virtual machine based on cloud computing. An exemplary embodiment of the present invention provides a system for managing personalization information of a virtual machine, including: virtual desktops positioned in on-demand services zone, and created and driven on the basis of the virtual machine; zone servers transmitting the personalization information of the virtual machine on at least one virtual desktop positioned in the on-demand service zones, and local servers storing personalization information of virtual machine on at least one virtual desktop positioned in at least one on-demand service zone and synchronizing the personalization information of the virtual machine with another local server.

Abstract: A method for visually depicting complex events. Software agents are preferably employed to assist the human operator by collecting, enriching, selecting, aggregating, and analyzing data so that patterns of interest can be visually flagged or otherwise emphasized in the visual display. Events are depicted as an “event flow” from a source surface to a destination surface. Intervening surfaces may also be defined. The point of origin on the source surface reveals some information about the event flow, as does the point of impact on the destination surface. The event flow may be mapped to one or more intervening surfaces in order to visually depict other characteristics of the event. The entire depiction is rendered in a simulated three-dimensional view. The user is preferably given the ability to pan, zoom, and reorient the vantage point from which the user “views” the depiction on the computer display.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to engineered P450 polypeptides and use of such polypeptides in chemoenzymatic methods to construct selectively protected carbohydrates, which are useful as building blocks for preparation of carbohydrate derivatives and oligosaccharides

Abstract: A system for managing resources in a communication system including systems which do not have a permission for a first frequency band includes a coexistence manager configured to, when a frequency band available for the systems is searched from the first frequency band, manage the systems for coexistence and frequency sharing of the systems in the available frequency band; a coexistence enabler configured to transmit and receive information of the systems and information of the coexistence manager; and a coexistence discovery and information server configured to support control of the coexistence manager over the systems, wherein a plurality of coexistence managers are provided to respectively correspond to the plurality of systems, and wherein, among the plurality of coexistence managers, a first coexistence manager performs a negotiation procedure with coexistence managers neighboring to it, on the basis of one of an etiquette mode, a round-robin mode and a competition mode.

Abstract: A recovery method of nickel according to the present invention comprises pretreatment step to prepare a solution for electrolysis by adding hexanesulfonate salt to a treatment solution including nickel, and nickel recovery step to recover nickel in a metal form by electrolysis of the above solution for electrolysis. The present invention can produce nickel in high purity with simple process with low cost, and can recover and reproduce nickel in a metal form with at least 99.5% of high purity and at least 90% of recovery rate.

Abstract: In exemplary implementations, a bicycle has “power pedaling”, in which a rider's pedaling efforts are augmented by an electric motor. The rider can control the motor simply by pedaling. It is desirable that the motor torque not exceed the rider torque; otherwise the motor overpowers the rider. A radial flexure is part of the drivetrain that transmits torque from the rider to the back wheel. One part of the flexure is connected to the back wheel casing; another part of the flexure is connected to the freewheel. If motor velocity exceeds rider velocity, this causes the flexure to elastically deform. Two sensors measure the deformation, which is equal to the difference between the angular displacements of the casing and freewheel, respectively. A PD controller seeks to make this difference equal to zero, by controlling voltage levels in the motor (and thus controlling the torque contributed by the motor).

Abstract: A method for forming titanium nitride by PVD is disclosed, comprising: generating ions of a noble gas by glow discharge under a vacuum condition that a nitrogen gas and the noble gas are supplied; nitriding a surface of a wafer and a surface of a titanium target with the nitrogen gas; bombarding the surface of the titanium target with the ions of the noble gas after they are accelerated in an electric field so that titanium ions and titanium nitride are sputtered; and forming a titanium nitride layer by depositing titanium nitride on the surface of the wafer in a magnetic field, while titanium ions are injected into the surface of the wafer so that stress is introduced into the titanium nitride layer, wherein non-crystallization fraction of the titanium nitride layer and stress in the titanium nitride layer are increased by increasing kinetic energy of titanium ions which are injected into the surface of the wafer.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a valve comprising a valve body; an orifice disposed within the valve body; a fluid flow restraining member located at a first location of the orifice, the fluid flow restraining member pivotable between a closed position and an open position; an extending member connected to, and moveable in pivotable synchronization with, the fluid flow restraining member; and a shape memory alloy element attached to the extending member and the valve body, the shape memory alloy element causing a pivotal movement of the extending member between positions corresponding to the open and closed positions responsive to a change in temperature of the shape memory alloy element.

Abstract: An apparatus for transmitting data in a communication system includes: a receiver configured to receive signals from a plurality of terminals in a multiuser-multi-input multi-output (MU-MIMO) scheme; an assignor configured to assign group IDs to terminal groups, respectively after identifying the plurality of terminals and grouping the plurality of terminals into the terminal groups; a generator configured to define a load element which indicates a resource and load state of a basic service set (BSS) through the group IDs and to generate a beacon frame including the load element; and a transmitter configured to transmit the beacon frame to the plurality of terminals in the MU-MIMO scheme.

Abstract: A multimedia file sharing method and a system thereof are provided herein, which applies the virtual file technology to achieve near real time multimedia sharing and transparent receiving functions. In the method, an interface software system is established through a network to speed up playing of multimedia files by different multimedia players. The interface software provides a speeding up and near real time multimedia playing effect for sharing multimedia through the network, by which for different transmissions of multimedia files or for playing multimedia files with different formats, the multimedia player is not necessary to modify or add the software of the players to meet the streaming protocols or container. In addition, the interface software is capable of providing the effect of playing the multimedia files by the players with satisfied quality and near real time performance.

Abstract: Isotope identification imaging of nuclear fuel material or explosives concealed in a drum or container in which nuclear reactor fuel or radioactive waste are sealed is realized while ensuring high precision, high reliability, and safety. A sample 31 is irradiated with laser Compton photon beams 21 and 22 generated by a collision between an electron beam 12 and polarized laser light 16 and 20. An isotope in the sample is identified using nuclear resonance fluorescence, and the spatial distribution thereof is imaged. In so doing, a nuclear level of an isotope whose emission direction of nuclear resonance fluorescence is dependent on the planes of polarization of the incident LCS photon beams is used.

Abstract: A method for forming a micro bump includes forming a first nano-particle layer on a substrate and forming a second nano-particle layer on the first nano-particle layer. The first and second nano-particle layers include a plurality of first nano particles and a plurality of second nano particles, respectively. The method further includes irradiating a laser beam onto the second nano-particle layer, where the laser beam penetrates through the second nano-particle layer and is at least partially absorbed by at least some of the first nano particles to generate heat. The first nano particles and the second nano particles have different absorption rates with respect to the laser beam.

Abstract: The inventors demonstrate herein that various Zintl compounds can be useful as thermoelectric materials for a variety of applications. Specifically, the utility of Ca3AlSb3, Ca5Al2Sb6, Ca5In2Sb6, Ca5Ga2Sb6, is described herein. Carrier concentration control via doping has also been demonstrated, resulting in considerably improved thermoelectric performance in the various systems described herein.

Abstract: A coating method of the invention is characterized by using particles each being an aggregate comprising particles far smaller than that, and heating them at a temperature lower than the melting point and blowing and depositing the same to an object to be treated at a supersonic velocity. The warm spray of the invention is characterized in that standard particles and addition particles with a particle diameter larger than that are mixed so that the K-value determined by the following relation is 1 or more and 2 or less: K=A×(B/C)×D, A: mass % of the content of additive particles, B: center particle diameter of standard particle (?m), C: center particle diameter of additive particle (?m), D: (maximum particle diameter?minimum particle diameter) of additive particle/10 (?m). The invention intends to deposit micro oxide crystals without using an adhesive or the like, with no alteration to the function thereof, and also attain a dense layer with no substantial voids.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus and method for comparing a protein structure, which can search a protein similar to an inquiry protein in a 3D protein database in real time by describing a feature of a protein structure by using a three-dimensional (3D) relative directional angle (RDA) and a Fourier descriptor. The apparatus includes: a 3D RDA coder configured to code a 3D RDA of a target protein data or an inquiry protein data inputted from the outside; a Fourier transformer configured to obtain Fourier coefficients by Fourier transforming 3D RDA coding values coded by the 3D RDA coder; a comparator configured to compare the obtained Fourier coefficient of the target protein data with the obtained Fourier coefficient of the inquiry protein data; and a data generator configured to output protein data in order from high similarity to low similarity according to the comparison result of the comparator.

Abstract: Techniques for enabling an estimate of a transmittal signal vector, given a received signal vector and a channel matrix to be computed, are provided. An initial solution signal vector for the estimate is calculated, and based on the initial estimate, a pool of possible solutions is generated. Methods described herein may be iterative in nature, and may cycle through possible estimates of the transmitted signal vector so as to continually improve the estimates and the pool of possible estimates. The methods may terminate once stopping criteria are reached. In some example methods, solutions may be marked at taboo and a taboo period can be established that indicates a number of subsequent iterations for which the current solution signal vector cannot be considered.

Abstract: The present invention provides a hybrid composite sealant, as a sealing material for a planar type solid oxide fuel cell stack, having a matrix of a glass composition, wherein a surface layer reinforced with platelet reinforcement particles is laminated on either one or both surfaces of an inner layer reinforced with fibrous reinforcement particles. Accordingly, by applying the composite sealant of the present invention to the solid oxide fuel cell stack, excellent gas-tightness of the stack can be obtained even under low coupling pressure, thermal cycling durability can be enhanced due to low coupling strength with a contact surface of an object to be sealed, stack disassembly and maintenance can be facilitated when parts within the stack are disabled, and stack stability as well as stack performance can be maintained under a pressurized operation condition where pressure differentials between the inside and outside of the stack reach to 5 atmospheric pressures (0.5 MPa).