Abstract: An inter-cell interference mitigation method in an orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDM)-based cellular system includes: dividing wireless resources into a resource group for fractional frequency reuse and a resource group for removing inter-cell interference; and re-dividing the resource group for fractional frequency reuse into particular resource groups numbering the same as a number of cell types of fractional frequency reuse, and applying a maximum transmission power to a particular resource group according to a cell type for fractional frequency reuse.

Abstract: The present invention provides a semiconductor device. The semiconductor device comprises contact plugs that comprise a first contact plug formed by a first barrier layer arranged on the source and drain regions and a tungsten layer arranged on the first barrier layer; and second contact plugs comprising a second barrier layer arranged on both of the metal gate and the first contact plug and a conductive layer arranged on the second barrier layer. The conductivity of the conductive layer is higher than that of the tungsten layer. A method for forming the semiconductor device is also provided. The present invention provides the advantage of enhancing the reliability of the device when using the copper contact technique.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods comprising reacting a first carboxylic acid or ester with a second carboxylic acid or ester in the presence of a metal oxide comprising Zr, Ce, Mn and O to produce at least one ketone.

Abstract: The present invention provides systems for identifying genes and gene products associated with nitrogenous bisphosphonate treatment (NBP) treatment of calcium disorders. The invention also provides systems for identify and/or characterizing agents in treating calcium disorders. The invention further provides systems for diagnosing a calcium disorder and monitoring treatment of a subject.

Abstract: A method selectively recovers a useful substance from waste including a chlorine-containing synthetic resin and metal copper in a mixed state. Metal copper is recovered from coated copper-wire waste. The method includes the steps of heat-treating the waste in form of coated copper wires, each having a coating material made of a chlorine-containing synthetic resin, in oil or under a non-oxygen condition. Here, the coating material is carbonized and a chlorine content of the coating material is reduced. Then the coating material and the copper wire are separated from each other the copper wire is recovered. The chlorine-containing synthetic resin can be treated without generating dioxin.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are an apparatus and method for providing a contactless Graphical User Interface (GUI). The apparatus for providing a contactless GUI includes a basic information management unit, a pointer tracking unit, and a mouse event management unit. The basic information management unit receives finger image information, and generates basic pointer information for a mouse pointer service. The pointer tracking unit analyzes the finger image information based on the basic pointer information, and generates a mouse operation event by tracking a mouse operation in order to control a mouse pointer based on results of the analysis. The mouse event management unit analyzes the mouse operation event, and generates an operation message corresponding to the mouse operation. The pointer tracking unit tracks the mouse operation by calculating the movement distance of the tips of a thumb and an index finger based on the finger image information.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing a multi-metals/activated carbon composite, more particularly to a method for preparing a multi-metals/activated carbon composite, which is prepared by electrochemical electroplating of an alloy plate comprising at least two metals and activated carbons fixed on a conductive support under a predetermined condition. The multi-metals/activated carbon composite prepared in accordance with the present invention has improved adhesion force and specific surface area than those of a conventional composite obtained by continuously plating activated carbons, in which metal salts are impregnated, or metals and good reactivity due to the introduction of pure metals. Since the composition and content of metals can be controlled accurately, the multi-metals/activated carbon composite is useful as an active material for filters for removing gaseous or liquid pollutants, secondary cells, fuel cells, capacitors, hydrogen storage electrodes, etc.

Abstract: A method of performing a handover process in a wireless multi-hop communication network, the method comprising requesting neighborhood communication information regarding channel condition among access stations in the neighborhood of a mobile station, the neighborhood communication information including communication information related to a link between a first station and a second station in the wireless multi-hop communication network, obtaining the communication information related to the link between the first station and the second station, sending the communication information from the first station to a mobile station in the wireless multi-hop communication network, and configuring the mobile station based on the communication information so as to switch the mobile station to the second station.

Abstract: Described is a simultaneous transmit and receive antenna system having a ring array of transmit antenna elements and a receive antenna element disposed on an axis that is perpendicular to and passing through the center of the ring array. Alternatively, the ring array includes receive elements and a transmit antenna element is disposed on the axis perpendicular to the ring array. Opposite antenna elements in the ring array differ in phase by 180° so that a radiation pattern null occurs at the antenna element at the center of the ring array. Also included are at least one ground plane and an electrically-conductive cylinder disposed on the perpendicular axis inside the ring array to provide a high degree of isolation between the transmit and receive antenna elements. The system may be configured for wireless communications, for example, according to WIFI IEEE standard 802.11 or WIMAX IEEE standard 802.16.

Abstract: A process for fabricating an ultra-low-resistance superconducting joint that has high shielding characteristics. The process includes: corroding copper on the outer surface at the end of a NbTi/Cu superconducting wire to form terminal NbTi superconducting filaments; inserting same number of NbTi superconducting filaments into each through hole of the niobium layer of a Nb/NbTi/Cu multilayer composite rod; pressing at the outside of the Nb/NbTi/Cu multilayer composite rod to combine the Nb/NbTi/Cu multilayer composite rod and NbTi superconducting filaments together to form a joint; and inserting the joint into a YBCO tube, and then filling the YBCO tube with molten bismuth-lead-tin-cadmium (BiPbSnCd) alloy solder to form a superconducting joint with high shielding and low resistance characteristics.

Abstract: An embodiment lithium-ion battery comprising a lithium-ion electrolyte of ethylene carbonate; ethyl methyl carbonate; and at least one solvent selected from the group consisting of trifluoroethyl butyrate, ethyl trifluoroacetate, trifluoroethyl acetate, methyl pentafluoropropionate, and 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl propionate. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a DC voltage conversion circuit of a liquid crystal display apparatus, including: a main pumping circuit including a plurality of thin film transistors and configured to output voltage for driving a liquid crystal display apparatus when the plurality of thin film transistors are alternately turned on or off; and a switch control signal generator configured to control voltages applied to gates of the plurality of thin film transistors by inversion of a clock signal, in which each thin film transistor is turned on when positive gate-source voltage is applied thereto, and turned off when negative gate-source voltage is applied thereto.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of introducing strain into a channel and a device manufactured by using the method, the method comprising: providing a semiconductor substrate; forming a channel in the semiconductor substrate; forming a first gate dielectric layer on the channel; forming a polysilicon gate layer on the first gate dielectric layer; doping or implanting a first element into the polysilicon gate layer; removing a part of the first gate dielectric layer and polysilicon gate layer to thereby form a first gate structure; forming a source/drain extension region in the channel; forming spacers on both sides of the first gate structure; forming a source/drain in the channel; and performing annealing such that lattice change occurs in the polysilicon that is doped or implanted with the first element in the high-temperature crystallization process, thereby producing a first strain in the polysilicon gate layer, and introducing the first strain through the gate dielectric layer to the channel.

Abstract: Provided is a sequential transmission multi-beamforming apparatus and method with a low complexity based on a Hadamard matrix. A simple codebook may be generated based on the Hadamard matrix and thus, a number of weighted-vectors is reduced and a complexity of hardware is decreased. A diversity gain may be maximized based on a spatial diversity processing apparatus and a beamforming weighted vector may be systematically generated.

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus and method for forensic marking of digital content. The apparatus includes a forensic marker configured to generate first content by inserting a first binary forensic mark in original content and second content by inserting a second binary forensic mark in the original content, and when a content service request is generated, combine the first content and the second content on the basis of information about a user who has requested the content service and thereby generate third content in which a forensic mark corresponding to the user information is inserted, a content database configured to store the first and second content, and a transceiver configured to transmit the third content.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an improved method to manufacture virus for use in vaccine by culturing infected cells that have been modified to overexpress miR-144. The invention is also directed to manipulating the activity or level of miR-144 in subjects in order to modulate the antiviral and immune response systems.

Abstract: A driving method for a panel structure including at least two liquid crystal layers is disclosed. The liquid crystal layers display different colors. When the panel structure includes a first liquid crystal layer and a second liquid crystal layer, the first and the second liquid crystal layers are initialized. A light source is utilized to emit the first and the second liquid crystal layers to write data to at least one of the first and the second liquid crystal layers. When the panel structure further includes a third liquid crystal layer, the first, the second and the third liquid crystal layers are first initialized. A light source is utilized to emit the first, the second and the third liquid crystal layers to write data to at least one of the first, the second and the third liquid crystal layers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an siRNA inhibiting expression of the OTUB1 protein and a composition for preventing or treating cancer containing same as an active ingredient. In accordance with the present invention, cancer cell growth can be remarkably inhibited by inhibiting OTUB1 expression using the siRNA of the present invention.

Abstract: A method for identifying persons with increased risk of developing type 1 diabetes mellitus, or having type I diabetes mellitus, utilizing selected biomarkers described herein either alone or in combination. The present disclosure allows for broad based, reliable, screening of large population bases. Also provided are arrays and kits that can be used to perform such methods.

Abstract: An optical device having a plasmonic waveguide, in which the plasmonic waveguide has a layered structure of at least three layers that a ferromagnetic metal layer, a first dielectric layer, and a second dielectric layer are layered in this order, in which the first and second dielectric layers are layers that allow light to be transmitted therethrough, and in which a refractive index of the second dielectric layer is higher than a refractive index of the first dielectric layer; and an optical isolator, having the optical device.