Abstract: A powered ankle-foot prosthesis, capable of providing human-like power at terminal stance that increase amputees metabolic walking economy compared to a conventional passive-elastic prosthesis. The powered prosthesis comprises a unidirectional spring, configured in parallel with a force-controllable actuator with series elasticity. The prosthesis is controlled to deliver the high mechanical power and net positive work observed in normal human walking.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel boranophosphate analogues of cyclic nucleotides. The invention further relates to the use of such compounds as reagents for signal transduction research or as modulators of cyclic nucleotide-regulated binding proteins and isoenzymes thereof, and/or as hydrolysis- and oxidation-resistant ligands for affinity chromatography, for antibody production or for diagnostic applications e.g. on chip surfaces and/or as additive for organ transplantation storage solutions.

Abstract: This invention is intended to allow accumulation of large quantities of soluble sugars in tissue other than plant seeds. A plant is modified so as to suppress a gene encoding a subunit exhibiting the highest sequence similarity with the subunit encoded by the AGPL1 gene of rice among subunits constituting.

Abstract: Provided is a link adaptation transmission and reception method in device-to-device (D2D) communication based on cellular mobile communication. An operation method of a terminal in the link adaptation method according to the present invention includes receiving information related to a first transmission through a D2D link, performing transmission for an opposite terminal using the information related to the first transmission, and determining information related to a second transmission after the transmission based on reception from the opposite terminal. Using the link adaptation method according to the present invention, an adaptive modulation and coding scheme may be provided at the time of data transmission on a D2D link while minimizing control of a base station, thereby reducing the complexity of a cellular network due to the D2D communication.

Abstract: Provided is a low density parity check (LDPC) encoding apparatus and method that may store M registers each including N bits, obtain N×M parity bits by performing a partial parallel operation an N×M number of times with respect to the M registers, and mutually invert subsequent N parity bits periodically, based on previous parity bits for each Nth parity bit of the N×M parity bits, respectively.

Abstract: Turbocharged or supercharged spark ignition engine. The engine includes a source of methanol for direct injection of methanol into the engine and for delivering a portion of the methanol to a reformer for generating a hydrogen-rich gas.

Abstract: A two-beam interference lithography system offers large-area nanopatterning with tunability of pattern periodicities. The tunable feature is achieved by placing two rotatable mirrors in the two expanded beam paths which can conveniently be regulated for the designed pattern periodicities. While the effective interference pattern coverage is mainly determined by the optical coherence length and mirror size, the minimum pattern coverage area is as large as the effective coherence length of the laser and the selected mirror size over a wide range of periodicities.

Abstract: A halogen-free and phosphorus-free resin formulation, prepared by the following method, is provided. The method includes mixing a carboxy anhydride derivative, diisocyanate, a styrene maleic anhydride (SMA) copolymer derivative and a solvent to form a mixture, and heating the mixture to form a resin formulation. The disclosure also provides a halogen-free and phosphorus-free composite material with a low dielectric constant and flame resistance prepared from the resin formulation.

Abstract: A signal amplifying apparatus, a wireless transmitting apparatus, and a signal amplifying method are provided. The signal amplifying apparatus modulates an envelope signal using a multi-bit quantizer, thereby increasing coding efficiency and tracking optimal supply voltage with respect to envelope variation due to the use of the multi-bit quantizer.

Abstract: A masking operation method for a symmetric key encryption system includes, when at least two Substitution-boxes (S-boxes) are input, generating a masking S-box table for one S-box which was input; and performing an operation on one masking S-box by referring to the generated masking S-box table. Further, the masking operation method for the symmetric key encryption system includes performing an operation on a remaining masking S-box for a remaining S-box, which was input, by referring to the masking S-box table.

Abstract: A method for recognizing markers printed on a learning material, includes sampling an image of the learning material; grouping the sampled image of pixels into a first image group and a second image group based on a threshold; and calculating medians of the first image group and the second image group to update the threshold with a first average value of the calculated medians. Further, the method for recognizing markers printed on the learning material includes repeating the above until a difference between a previous threshold and an updated threshold is equal to or smaller than a reference value; binarizing an image captured by a camera based on the updated threshold; and detecting the markers based on the binary image.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a modified yeast strain which is prepared by introducing a vector that expresses HMG-CoA reductase (hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA reductase) and farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase, and a method for producing squalene using the same. More particularly, the present invention relates to Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y2805 modified yeast strain that is transformed with a vector including the HMG1 gene, and ispA or Erg20 gene, and a method for producing squalene with high efficiency by culturing the modified yeast strain.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method for fabricating a quantum dot. The method includes the steps of (a) preparing a compound semiconductor layer including a quantum well structure formed by sequentially stacking a first barrier layer, a well layer and a second barrier layer; (b) forming a dielectric thin film pattern including a first dielectric thin film having a thermal expansion coefficient higher than a thermal expansion coefficient of the second barrier layer and a second dielectric thin film having a thermal expansion coefficient lower than the thermal expansion coefficient of the second barrier layer on the second barrier layer; and (c) heat-treating the compound semiconductor layer formed thereon with the dielectric thin film pattern to cause an intermixing between elements of the well layer and elements of the barrier layers at a region of the compound semiconductor layer under the second dielectric thin film.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a metamaterial for converging electromagnetic waves, which comprises a plurality of metamaterial sheet layers stacked integrally in an x direction. Each of the metamaterial sheet layers comprises a plurality of metamaterial units. Each of the metamaterial units has an identical substrate unit and a man-made microstructure attached on the substrate unit. The metamaterial units of each row have a same refractive index. Refractive indices of the metamaterial units of each column satisfy particular relationships. The man-made microstructure is a non-90° rotationally symmetrical structure, and an extraordinary optical axis of a refractive index ellipsoid thereof is non-perpendicular to and unparallel to the y direction. The thickness of the metamaterial can be considerably decreased while the function of converging electromagnetic waves is achieved in the present disclosure. This is favorable for making the metamaterial product miniaturized and lightweight.

Abstract: A method for preparing pimaric acid type resin acids includes the following steps: step (1) adding refined resin acid, turpentine, or rosin along with maleic anhydride at a mass ratio of 1:0.3-1.5 into a reaction bottle, dissolving the ingredients into a C1-C10 lower fatty acid solvent, the mass ratio of the C1-C10 low fatty acid to refined resin acid is 0.05-30:1, then carrying out additional reaction by heating directly or with assistance of a microwave, subsequently cooling, crystallizing, filtering, and washing; and step (2) combining the filtrates collected in step (1), stripping the solvent by vacuum distillation to obtain pimaric acid type resin acid coarse product, dissolving the resulting coarse product in NaOH aqueous solution to prepare aqueous solution of pimaric acid type resin acid salt, adjusting the pH level to 6-14 with a mineral acid or an organic acid while stirring, and either directly purifying or acidifying followed by purifying, the resulting precipitation to obtain the final product.

Abstract: A visible light communication apparatus for a vehicle is provided. The visible light communication apparatus for the vehicle includes a vehicle optical receiver for receiving a visible light signal including a tunnel light node ID, a front passing vehicle node ID, and tunnel environment data, from a tunnel light and converting the visible light signal to an electric signal; and a vehicular visible light emitting diode unit arranged to face the optical receiver for converting vehicle speed and location information calculated by counting tunnel light node IDs received over a certain time, to a visible light signal and sending the visible light signal to the tunnel light. Using the vehicular visible light communication apparatus and the tunnel light having the visible light communication function, an efficient vehicular communication system can be built in the tunnel.

Abstract: A method for measuring distortion is provided. In one embodiment, the method for measuring distortion of a current block, used to estimate motion by estimating high-frequency and low-frequency components of the current block, comprises: calculating the sum of distortion values of the high-frequency component of the current block; calculating the sum of first distortion values of the low-frequency component of the current block; calculating a second distortion value of the low-frequency component of the current block; and adding the sum of the distortion values of the high-frequency component and the second distortion value of the low-frequency component of the current block.

Abstract: Provided is a multi-route routing scheme that supports Quality of Service (QoS) in the wireless mesh network. A method of notifying about and avoiding congestion situation in data transmission in a wireless mesh network and a mesh node may also be provided. Data may be differentially transmitted to multiple routes by obtaining a route congestion level existing in a current multi-hop route and thus, data providing a real-time service, such as a video streaming service, may avoid congested routes and may be promptly transmitted. Multiple queues in a mesh node may be divided into divided queues based on a congestion situation of a transmission route in a network and the divided queues may be transmitted through multiple routes and thus, an efficiency of the overall network may increase.

Abstract: Provided is an identification signal analyzing apparatus and method for compensating power of a channel profile occurring at a conventional identification signal analyzing apparatus by using a power compensation. The identification signal analyzing apparatus includes: an identification signal generator for generating an identification signal identical to a known identification signal inserted by a transmission device; a partial correlator for calculating a correlation value between a received signal including the known identification signal inserted by the transmission device and the identification signal generated by the identification signal generator through a partial correlation; a power compensator for compensating power of the correlation value calculated by the partial correlator; and a channel profile extractor for extracting a channel profile from the correlation value compensated by the power compensator.

Abstract: An anchor gateway, a communication method and a tangible machine-readable medium are provided. The anchor gateway is for use in a WiMAX network comprising an authentication gateway and a serving base station (BS). After a mobile station (MS) enters the WiMAX network, the anchor gateway will request the authentication gateway and the serving BS according to an identification of the MS to respectively provide authentication key context and medium access control context. Thereby, the network latency, which is made by the MS in handover, will be reduced effectively.