Abstract: The present invention provides a substance which inhibits the binding between E2/NS1 protein of hepatitis C virus and a cell infectious with hepatitis C virus, a cell expressing CD81, or CD81. The present invention can provide a novel medicament which has an anti-viral effects such as an inhibitory action against HCV infection.

Abstract: Modifications to the 2-stage interconnection to allow flexible scalability. Different switching fabrics having a range of different sizes can be constructed out of the same set of I/O switching nodes through this modified 2-statge interconnection, which can further be recursively invoked to construct large switching fabrics with desirable sizes. The recursive construction incorporating the modified 2-stage interconnection can seamlessly be realized through the five hierarchical levels of physical implementation, including inside-chip implementation, PCB implementation, orthogonal packaging, interface-board packaging and fiber-array packaging. The routability of the resulting switching fabric is always guaranteed and self-routing mechanism is also pertained.

Abstract: A gemstone fluorescence measuring device according to the invention generally includes an ultraviolet (“UV”) emission chamber, a UV radiation source, and a light meter assembly. The UV radiation source includes an upper light emitting diode (“LED”) and a lower LED that radiate a gemstone under test from both above and below the gemstone. The UV radiation source provides both trans-radiation and direct radiation to the gemstone, and the UV radiation source has an adjustable intensity, thus facilitating calibration of the fluorescence measuring device. The light meter assembly includes a light detector that detects the visible light emitted from the gemstone under test in response to the UV radiation. The light detector is configured to simulate the spectral characteristics of the human eye. The fluorescence measuring device converts the measured visible light into a numerical lux reading, which can then be converted into a fluorescence grade for the gemstone under test.

Abstract: Ruthenium and osmium carbene compounds that are stable in the presence of a variety of functional groups and can be used to catalyze olefin metathesis reactions on unstrained cyclic and acyclic olefins are disclosed. Also disclosed are methods of making the carbene compounds. The carbene compounds are of the formula where M is Os or Ru; R1 is hydrogen; R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, and substituted or unsubstituted aryl; X and X1 are independently selected from any anionic ligand; and L and L1 are independently selected from any neutral electron donor. The ruthenium and osmium carbene compounds of the present invention may be synthesized using diazo compounds, by neutral electron donor ligand exchange, by cross metathesis, using acetylene, using cumulated olefins, and in a one-pot method using diazo compounds and neutral electron donors.

Abstract: The present invention provides lanthanide binding tags (LBT) that selectively complex trivalent lanthanide (Ln) ions and afford stable complexes with desirable physical properties, including at least one of fluorescence and anomalous x-ray scattering.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for compensating for the frequency offset of a received signal in a receiving apparatus of a mobile communication system. In the present invention, a sine component is calculated by adding I and Q channel signals resulting from downconverting a training sequence inserted between data symbols, and a cosine component is calculated by subtracting the Q channel signal from the I channel signal. Using the cosine and sine components at two time points, tangent components for the two time points are computed and thus first and second phase values are obtained. The frequency offset is estimated by determining the slope of a second-order line derived from the first and second phase values. The frequency offset of the received signal is compensated for based on the estimated frequency offset.

Abstract: A temperature compensated apparatus for filtering light is comprised of a holographically recorded grating defined in a photosensitive layer for providing optical filtration for light incident on the grating with a predetermined angle of incidence, and an angulation means responsive to temperature for tilting the grating relative to the angle of incidence of the light as a function of temperature of the grating so that changes in the filtration by the grating compensate for changes in temperature of the grating to maintain effective filtration of the light approximately constant.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention includes: a modulated laser light source to transmit an interrogation light beam to a region including a substance for spectroscopic evaluation, a detector responsive to modulated light from the region to provide a corresponding modulated signal, and a signal processing subsystem responsive to the modulated signal to generate a spectroscopic absorption peak representation. This subsystem also estimates absorbance based on a derivative form of an absorption peak and a residual amplitude modulation level corresponding to the absorption peak.

Abstract: A state modulation method and an apparatus for inserting state control codes are provided. To overcome the problems of inefficient control on direct current and low frequency component in conventional state modulation techniques, the disclosed method inserts state control codes in a state modulation method to increase the probability for selection. With multi-level characteristics, the inserted state control codes can provide a plurality of sets of different signals for selection during coding. Thereby, the direct current and low frequency components can be well controlled.

Abstract: A high density integrated optical chip. The optical chip features an optical function connected to a low minimum bending radius dielectric waveguide, and a large mode field size dielectric waveguide to interface with an external optical device, such as an optical fiber. The large mode field size dielectric waveguide is optically connected to the low minimum bending radius dielectric waveguide on the optical chip.

Abstract: An interleaving striped capacitor substrate structure for pressing-type print circuit boards is disclosed. To meet the high-frequency, high-speed, and high-density requirements in modern electronic systems, the interleaving striped capacitor substrate structure uses several dielectric materials of different dielectric coefficients to make a dielectric layer. One dielectric layer can be stacked on another to form a multi-layered capacitor substrate so that a single capacitor substrate can provide the highest capacitance required for the decoupling capacitor to suppress high-frequency noise signals, and the lower dielectric coefficient substrate required for high-speed signal transmission. This simultaneously achieves the effects of reducing high-frequency transmission time and suppressing high-frequency noise.

Abstract: A bias generator that automatically adjusts its slew rate is disclosed to generate an output bias current and adjust the output bias current according to the frequency of a clock signal. The slew rate of the amplifier is thus controlled to save power. It includes: a current mirror for receiving a feedback voltage and generating an output bias current; a storage capacitor with a first end and a second end and the latter being coupled to the ground; a charging switch coupled between the output of the current mirror and the first end of the storage capacitor; a discharging switch coupled between the first end of the storage capacitor and the ground; a comparator whose input is coupled to the first end of the storage capacitor and a reference voltage; and a feedback unit coupled to the output of the comparator for outputting a feedback voltage to the current mirror.

Abstract: A coater for dispersed slurry capable of coating coated dispersed slurry on a nonwoven cloth-like base material while bringing the slurry into contact with the material, comprising a net conveyor for transferring the nonwoven cloth-like base material, a supply means for supplying the dispersed slurry onto the net conveyor, and a coating roll for forming a coating layer of a specified thickness by pressing, from the upper side thereof, the dispersed slurry supplied onto the nonwoven cloth-like base material, wherein this coating roll is allowed to come into direct contact with the dispersed slurry on the peripheral surface of the nonwoven cloth-like base material or allowed to come into contact with the dispersed slurry through a film provided therethrough.

Abstract: The present invention relates to carbohydrate-specific peptides, which have a strong affinity and preparation method thereof. Particularly, the present invention relates to carbohydrate-specific peptides, which have been developed to have an increased strong affinity to carbohydrates by the multiple combinations of peptides having carbohydrates-specific amino acid sequences and preparation method thereof. Carbohydrate-specific peptides of the present invention have a very strong affinity under micromol, so that they can shut off recognition between cells transferred by specific carbohydrates, which means they can be used for the treatment of diseases mediated by recognition between cells and used as a diagnostic kit which diagnoses diseases by confirming the existence of any specific carbohydrate.

Abstract: One aspect of the present invention relates to optionally substituted halogenated benzyl halides and the like. These compounds are useful as halogenated benzyl ether-based protecting groups for a variety of functional groups. Another aspect of the present invention relates to use of said protecting groups in an orthogonal protecting group strategy for the synthesis of complex molecules that comprise a number of suitable functional groups. Another aspect of the present invention relates to saccharides bearing various arrays of protecting groups of the present invention. Another aspect of the present invention relates to a method of synthesizing an oligosaccharide or glycoconjugate, comprising the steps of: using a saccharide bearing at least one protecting group of the present invention to glycosylate a second molecule to give a product comprising said saccharide; and removing a protecting group of the present invention from said product.

Abstract: A semiconductor device capable of inhibiting a threshold voltage from increase also when employing a gate electrode consisting of a metal is provided. This semiconductor device comprises a pair of source/drain regions lifted up in an elevated structure, a gate insulator film, formed on a channel region, consisting of a high dielectric constant insulator film having a dielectric constant larger than 3.9 and a gate electrode including a first metal layer coming into contact with the gate insulator film and having a work function controlled to have a Fermi level around the energy level of a band gap end of silicon constituting the source/drain regions.

Abstract: The invention involves identification of a mechanism of ?-amyloid peptide cytotoxicity, which enables treatment of conditions caused by ?-amyloid peptide aggregates by administration of compounds which antagonize the mechanism of cytotoxicity. The invention includes the identification and isolation of compounds which can reduce the neurotoxic effects of such aggregates. Methods for treating conditions resulting from neurotoxic ?-amyloid peptide aggregates, such as Alzheimer's disease and pharmaceutical preparations are provided. Also provided are methods for selecting additional compounds which can reduce the neurotoxic effects of ?-amyloid aggregates.

Abstract: The invention identifies PD-1 as a receptor for B7-4. B7-4 can inhibit immune cell activation upon binding to an inhibitory receptor on an immune cell. Accordingly, the invention provides agents for modulating PD-1, B7-4, and the interaction between B7-4 and PD-1 in order to modulate a costimulatory or an inhibitory signal in a immune cell resulting in modulation of the immune response.

Abstract: The present invention provides glucan-based compositions and methods for stimulating an immune response against mutans streptococci components and vaccines and methods for the treatment and prevention of dental caries. In a preferred embodiment, a glucan polymer, preferably WSG, is covalently bound to one or more T cell-dependent antigens to form a conjugate vaccine. The T cell-dependent antigen preferably contains epitopes of one or more mutans streptococcal proteins, such as a glucosyltransferase. Moreover, one or more moieties, including haptens, may be conjugated to the glucan-T cell-dependent composition. In a preferred embodiment, these moieties are peptides which contain immunogenic epitopes corresponding to components of a mutans streptococcus.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of searching a preamble signal in a search window for reducing a chip size of a preamble searcher in a transceiver of a base station is enclosed. By using a plurality of small window preamble searchers searching the preamble signal in a small search window, which is a division of a large search windows of a conventional preamble searcher divided by search start times, the preamble searcher of the entire search window can be implemented and the size of semiconductor chip is reduced by implementing distributing small preamble searcher in a small semiconductor chips.