Abstract: An adaptive channel equalization technique and method for wideband passive receivers is disclosed that reduces and tends to minimize distortions caused by circuitry within passive digital receivers. This equalization architecture provides an adaptive equalization solution for a wideband passive channel that receives unknown signals from the RF environment both temporally and spectrally. A wideband chirp signal or calibration signal is periodically injected to capture the spectral response of the receiver channel as it varies from the distortions induced over time and temperature for synthesis of equalization filter coefficients. Thus, the channel equalization is performed independent of receiver signal source and is employed to minimize digital receiver signal measurement distortions across the passband by providing an equalization filter whose magnitude and phase response compensates for the channel distortions of the passive data collection system.

Abstract: A traffic sensor and a method of operating the traffic sensor to collect vehicular traffic data for a road is described. The traffic sensor has (a) a radar module for generating radar-based vehicle data regarding a plurality of vehicles passing the sensor field of view based on detection and measurement of traffic; (b) an image module for generating image data representing a plurality of images of the road and the traffic; and, (c) a traffic sensor enclosure for enclosing both the radar module and the image module.

Abstract: The method of the present invention for switching an output driver of the type comprising an n-mos transistor and a p-mos transistor configured in a push-pull arrangement operates by directly monitoring the level of the output signal OUT. The method comprises slowly switching off the input to the initially designated active transistor; monitoring the variation in output voltage level in response thereto; and when a desired change in output level is detected the switching the initially designated output transistor on completely and fast. Using this method the parasitic currents in the diodes are much smaller in time and amplitude.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a method and apparatus for signal tracking utilizing a universal algorithm. The method and apparatus generally include acquiring a signal measurement corresponding to a signal emitted from an emitter, forming a measurement matrix utilizing the acquired signal measurement, and applying the measurement matrix to a recursive filter to determine a velocity and/or geolocation of the signal emitter. Such a configuration enables velocities and geolocations to be determined utilizing any signal measurement or combination of signal measurements to eliminate the need to rely on a particular static combination of signal measurements.

Abstract: A heat exchange apparatus (10, 10, 10b) for selectively heating and/or cooling a process fluid (38). A process fluid tubing 14 is wrapped around a primary thermally conductive cylinder (12) having a spiral groove (24) therein adapted for closely accepting the process fluid tubing (14) and increasing the area in thermal contact therebetween. The process fluid tubing (14) is a generally chemically inert tubing. The spiral groove (24) supports the process fluid tubing (14) such that the process fluid tubing (14) can be bent in a radius smaller than the natural minimum bend radius of the process fluid tubing (14). Various embodiments have a cooling apparatus (26, 26a) for cooling the process fluid (38). The cooling apparatus (26, 26a) has a outer thermally conductive cylinder (16) or an outer thermal reservoir (50) cooled alternatively by coolant fluid (44) passing through cooling fluid tubing (18), by a plurality of thermoelectric modules (54), or by a combination thereof.

Abstract: In order to determine the orientation of the rotor of a brushless DC motor 100, a sequence of current pulses may be applied to the stator phases U, V, W by the respective drivers HS0, LS0, HS1, LS1 HS2, LS2. The current generated in the stator phases U, V, W in turn generates a current in a shunt resistor 110. The current in this shunt resistor 110 is monitored by use of a current voltage converter 120 and a comparator 130 to determine when it exceeds a predetermined threshold. The rise time until the threshold current is exceeded is recorded in capture unit 140. A processor unit 150 then calculates a scalar parameter SU, SV, SW for each respective stator phase U, V, W from the recorded rise times associated with each pulse.

Abstract: A method of determining the position of a probe relative to a scale wherein the probe contains a sensor of the type comprising one or more pairs of orthogonal sensing elements X, Y operable to measure properties varying locally with the position of the probe relative to the scale. In use, a sinusoidally varying bias Ix, Iy is applied to each of the elements X, Y. The resultant outputs of elements X and Y are fed to summing means 101 and difference means 102. The summing means 101 is operable to output a summed signal Vsum equal to the instantaneous sum of Vx and Vy. The difference means 102 is operable to output a difference signal Vdiff equal to the instantaneous difference between Vx and Vy. The outputs Vsum and Vdiff are fed into a phase comparator 103, which is operable to determine the phase difference between them. The phase angle between Vsum and Vdiff provides an indication of the position of the probe relative to the scale.

Abstract: In a three phase BLDC motor the rotor position is monitored by detecting the zero crossing points of the induced back EMF signals BEMF_U, BEMF_V, BEMF_W in the phase windings U, V, W. As they are illustrated, the back EMF signals are substantially sinusoidal but they may in other situations be substantially trapezoidal. The three back EMF signals are 120° out of phase with each other. In order to accurately monitor the back EMF in a phase winding, the driving waveform for each phase U, V, W includes an undriven period P close to the expected zero crossing point. The period P can be a preset part of the driving waveform or can be an interruption of the normal driving waveform in response to suitable interrupt signals. In order to determine the zero crossing points of each back EMF signal, two (or more) samples of the back EMF are taken during the undriven period P and used to interpolate the back EMF signal to determine the zero crossing point.

Abstract: An optical data transceiver is manufactured by forming an integrated control circuit (101) on a suitable substrate, such as a silicon wafer, and then mounting said integrated circuit (101) onto the lead frame (102). Electrical connections may then be made between said integrated circuit (101) and said lead frame (102). The combined assembly comprising the integrated circuit (101) and lead frame (102) is then inserted into the cavity of a mould tool (not shown). A suitable moulding compound is injected to encapsulate the combined assembly. The mould tool is provided with a projection (not shown) that is in contact with a portion of the surface of the integrated circuit (101) when the assembly is in the mould tool. As a result, the opening (106), exposing that portion of the surface of the integrated control circuit (101) that was in contact with the projection of the mould tool, is provided.

Abstract: The present invention discloses re-configurable data transmission ports with data-integrity transaction controlling unit in a computerized computer and the method for performing the same. The controlling unit further includes a port-configuration detecting mechanism and a buffer-configuration subunit. The port-configuration detecting mechanism can inspect configuration status of all of the first ports on variance of data transmission bandwidths, e.g. “merge” or “spilt” status. The buffer-configuration subunit upon different configuration status of each first port configures each retry buffer. When a specific first port is configured on “merge” status, the buffer-configuration subunit can follows up to configure the retry buffer owned by the specific first port and the retry buffers owned but disused by the other first ports to constitute a buffer group with merging of storing spaces of said configured retry buffers.

Abstract: A pixel processing system includes a register-collecting mechanism and a pixel shader. The register-collecting mechanism corrects a first program to a second program. The first program requires a number of first registers. The second program requires a portion of the first registers of the first program. The pixel shader executes the second program. A method for register-collecting mechanism comprises the steps of: scanning the first instructions of the first program; decoding the first instructions to obtaining a plurality of first register numbers of busy register group of the first program; correcting the first program to a second program which only occupies the busy register group. As a result, the idle register group of the first program is available to be reallocated to the additional piled in pixels. Thus the pixel processing system can process more pixels in a batch using a given number of registers, and longer texture load latency can be hidden.

Abstract: Systems and methods that may be implemented to determine the location of an emitter of electromagnetic radiation, such as an RF signal emitter having an unknown location, using at least two electromagnetic radiation sensor antennas that are co-located on a single sensing platform in combination with at least one other electromagnetic radiation sensor antenna located on another sensing platform.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an antenna diversity switch, used for receiving and transmitting RF signals for dual-mode co-existence wireless communication system. The antenna diversity switch comprises a first transmitting port; a second transmitting port; a receiving port; a first control unit, electrically connected between the first transmitting port and a first antenna; a second control unit, electrically connected between the first transmitting port and a second antenna; a third control unit, electrically connected between the second transmitting port and the first antenna; a forth control unit, electrically connected between the second transmitting port and the second antenna; a fifth control unit, electrically connected between the receiving port and the first antenna; a sixth control unit, electrically connected between the receiving port and the second antenna. The antenna diversity switch according to the present invention meets the requirement of IEEE 802.

Abstract: An instruction folding mechanism, a method for performing the instruction folding mechanism and a pixel processing system employing the instruction folding mechanism are described. The pixel processing system comprises an instruction folding mechanism and a pixel shader. The instruction folding mechanism folds a plurality of first instructions in a first program to generate a second program having at least one second instruction which is a combination of the first instructions. The pixel shader connected to the instruction folding mechanism fetches the second program to decode at least the second instruction having the combination of the first instructions to execute the second program. The instruction folding mechanism comprises an instruction scheduler, a folding rule checker, and an instruction combiner. The instruction scheduler connected to the folding rule checker is used to scan the first instructions according to static positions in order to schedule the first instructions in the first program.

Abstract: A method of balancing the path delay of a clock tree for minimizing clock skew of the clock tree in the IC layouts is described.

Abstract: A communication system may include an equalizing device for DC-offset mitigation. The system includes: an input analog-to-digital converter configured to receive an input signal and produce a digital signal from the input signal; and a DC-offset estimation device coupled with the input analog-to-digital converter. The DC-offset estimation device is configured to produce a quantized DC-offset estimate from the digital signal. And the input analog-to-digital converter is configured to receive the quantized DC-offset estimate and to adjust a DC offset of the digital signal.

Abstract: A swept bandpass filter for receiving frequency varying input signals is disclosed. More particularly, a swept bandpass filter frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) receiver and related method are disclosed that provide an efficient solution for FMCW signals. The swept bandpass architecture eliminates the need for front-end mixing circuitry and allows for sampling across one or more Nyquist zones within the swept frequency band.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for detecting emitter movement. The method and apparatus generally include acquiring a measured signal characteristic corresponding to a signal emitted from an emitter, estimating a signal characteristic corresponding to the signal, and comparing the measured and estimated signal characteristics to determine if the emitter is moving. Such a configuration enables a rapid and accurate detection of emitter movement without requiring multiple measurements, complex systems, or time-consuming calculations.

Abstract: Reconfigurable direct radio frequency (RF) bandpass sampling receivers are disclosed that provide direct RF sampling of an input signal spectrum passed through a bandpass filter that is tunable over a wide frequency range of interest and that is sampled based on the bandwidth of the filter rather than the bandwidth of the total frequency range of interest. The bandwidth of the filter may further be variable to provide for optimized search against a variety of signal bandwidths. The reconfigurable direct RF bandpass sampling receiver may be implemented with a single fixed clock for applications where the signals of interest lie in adjacent non-overlapping frequency channels. For applications requiring arbitrary tuning, the reconfigurable direct RF bandpass sampling receiver can also use a programmable or switched sampling clock to avoid the Nyquist sample boundaries that occur with bandpass sampling and thus provide sampling of arbitrary frequencies.

Abstract: Provided is a method and system for signal-driven recovery of a digital pulse stream. The method includes receiving initial parameters including the base characteristics of a pulse signal, the characteristics including the maximum pulse interval. An incoming analog signal is converted to a digital signal and sampled a predetermined number of times at intervals greater than the maximum pulse interval to record a set of minimum signal values and a set of maximum signal values. Each set is averaged to provide an average minimum value and an average maximum value. Based on these values at least one threshold value is then determined, and the digital pulse stream is identified based on the threshold values. The method is repetitive, continually re-determining the threshold values so as to adapt to changes in the incoming signal. A system for performing the method is also provided.