Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the recovery of manganese from aqueous acidic solution.The process comprises the steps of, (a) introducing into the solution peroxymonosulphuric acid (PMS) in a plurality of stages, normally from 2 to 6, often in the range of from 110 to 160% of the amount theoretically needed to oxidise the manganese to the Mn (IV) oxidation state, (b) introducing from 100 to 133% of the theoretical amount of neutralising agent to neutralise the PMS introduced in step (a), preferably in a single addition and prior to the introduction of the second stages of PMS and, (c) separating precipitated manganese salt from solution. The demanganisation reaction is preferably carried out at a temperature of above 60.degree. C. usually in the range of 70.degree. to 90.degree. C.An aqueous acidic manganese-containing solution can be obtained by leaching ores or scrap metal with strong mineral acids.

Abstract: Superoxidized solid sodium perborate contains more than 17 wt.% active oxygen and less than 1.4 atoms hydrogen per active oxygen atom. The superoxidized solid sodium perborate in particle form is prepared by simultaneously introducing, into a fluidized bed dryer containing seeds of dimensions smaller than those of the perborate particles which are to be obtained, an aqueous solution containing hydrogen peroxide in concentrations above 30 wt.% and an aqueous solution containing sodium metaborate in such quantities that the molar ratio between the hydrogen peroxide and the sodium metaborate introduced into the fluidized bed is above 1.12. The water present in the aqueous solutions is evaporated by means of a fluidizing gas.

Abstract: The invention provides a continuous process for the production of a peracid in a chlorinated hydrocarbon solvent comprising the steps of: (a) providing an aqueous phase comprising sulphuric acid, hydrogen peroxide and water; (b) providing an organic phase comprising a chlorinated hydrocarbon solvent and carboxylic acid selected from the group consisting of acetic acid and propionic acid; and (c) contacting said aqueous and organic phases countercurrently to produce an aqueous solution comprising sulphuric acid and water and an organic product solution comprising chlorinated hydrocarbon solvent and a peracid corresponding to said carboxylic acid. Desirably the process includes the added step of: (d) utilizing at least a portion of said aqueous solution to provide at least a portion of the aqueous phase of step (a).

Abstract: A process for the production of epichlorhydrin, which comprises the steps of:(a) providing an organic solution comprising perpropionic acid and an organic solvent selected from the group consisting of chlorinated hydrocarbons and hydrocarbons;(b) reacting at least a portion of the perpropionic acid of said organic solution and allyl chloride to produce a product mixture comprising epichlorhydrin, propionic acid and organic solvent; and(c) effecting distillation of said product mixture to separate a product phase rich in epichlorhydrin out from said product mixture.

Abstract: The invention provides a continuous process for the production of a peracid in an organic solvent comprising the steps of: (a) providing an aqueous phase comprising sulphuric acid, hydrogen peroxide and water; (b) providing an organic phase comprising an organic solvent and carboxylic acid; and (c) contacting said aqueous and organic phases countercurrently to produce an aqueous solution comprising sulphuric acid and water and an organic product solution comprising organic solvent and a peracid corresponding to said carboxylic acid. Desirably the process includes the added step of: (d) utilizing at least a portion of said aqueous solution to provide at least a portion of the aqueous phase of step (a).

Abstract: The invention provides bleaching and detergent compositions containing a diacyl peroxide of general formula ROOR.sup.1 in which R represents a phthaloyl radical and R.sup.1 a radical such that ROOR.sup.1, ROOR and R.sup.1 OOR.sup.1 are all soluble in mildly alkaline aqueous solutions. The compositions, optionally containing a persalt such as sodium perborate, preferably in a mole ratio of one mole per mole of diacyl peroxide, are particularly suitable for washing or bleaching at a temperature of from 30.degree.- 60.degree. C. The invention also provides diacyl peroxide compositions desensitized to impact or abrasion by intimate contact with a diluent, e.g. magnesium sulphate, lauric acid or sodium tripolyphosphate and protected against destructive interaction with other components of the bleaching on detergent composition during storage. Preferred diacyl peroxides include diphthaloyl peroxide, especially for colored fabrics.

Abstract: A process for bleaching dark fish meat such as skeletal cod threshings. The fish is bleached in the undissolved state at ambient temperature with a dilute aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide at a pH of 10.5 to 11.5. Residual hydrogen peroxide is subsequently removed from the separated bleached fish by, for example, treatment with an aqueous solution of catalase at a pH of 7.5 to 8.0. The pH of the fish is finally adjusted to a value of from 6 to 7, that is, the pH of natural fish, by washing it with an aqueous solution of a food acid, for example, citric acid.

Abstract: The present invention provides bleaching or detergent compositions containing a cycloaliphatic peroxyacid of general formula: ##STR1## WHEREIN O .ltoreq.m .ltoreq.5,O .ltoreq.n .ltoreq.5 andN+m.gtoreq. 1,And mono or diethylenically unsaturated derivatives thereof, and processes for washing/bleaching using such peroxyacids, preferably at a temperature of from 30 to 60.degree. C. The peroxyacids can be generated in situ by hydrolysis or perhydrolysis of the corresponding diacyl peroxide. The peroxyacid and diacyl peroxide can be desensitized by intimate contact with a diluent e.g. lauric acid or magnesium sulphate and coated to reduce destructive interaction with other components of the detergent or bleaching composition.

Abstract: The present invention provides bleaching or detergent compositions containing phthaloyl peroxide, preferably desensitized by intimate contact with a diluent e.g. magnesium sulphate, lauric acid or sodium trypolyphosphate, and coated to reduce destructive interaction with other components of the detergent or bleaching composition. Optionally the compositions can contain a persalt, e.g. sodium perborate, preferably in a ratio of one mole per mole of phthaloyl peroxide.The compositions are particularly suitable for washing/bleaching fabric at a temperature of from 30.degree. to 60.degree. C.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for the preparation of epoxides by reaction of olefins with a percarboxylic resin. The percarboxylic resins are washed with a solvent containing water before being brought in contact with the olefins.

Abstract: Abrasion resistant granules of sodium perborate monohydrate are made by introducing an aqueous solution containing hydrogen peroxide and an aqueous solution containing sodium metaborate simultaneously into a fluidized bed dryer which contains seeds of a size smaller than that of the desired granules. Water present in the aqueous solutions is evaporated by fluidization gas which is introduced into the fluidized bed dryer. The process products, in one stage, granules of sodium perborate monohydrate having good flavorability, abrasion resistance, and other desirable properties.

Abstract: Particulate peroxygen compounds selected from alkali metal percarbonates, perpyrophosphates, pertripolyphosphates and peroxymonosulphates are stabilized by coating the particles with a mixed salt selected from sesquicarbonate having the formula Na.sub.2 CO.sub.3.NaHCO.sub.3.2H.sub.2 O and mixed compounds obtained by crystallization of sodium sulfate and sodium carbonate of formula Na.sub.2 SO.sub.4.nNa.sub.2 CO.sub.3 where n is a number from 0.3 to 3.

Abstract: An adhesive composition which comprises a polyurethane comprising (a) units derived from a diisocyanate, (b) units derived from a poly (.epsilon.-caprolactone) diol having a hydroxyl value of from 25 to less than 30, and (c) units derived from an alkane diol chain lengthening agent containing at least 2 carbon atoms, the mole ratio of alkane diol:poly (.epsilon.-caprolactone) diol being from greater than 0.7:1.0 to less than 1.2:1.0. The adhesive may be used in solid form or dissolved in an organic solvent. The adhesive has improved hot bond strength and is particularly useful for bonding shoe soles to shoe uppers.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing diphthaloyl peroxide comprising the steps of reacting particulate phthalic anhydride with aqueous hydrogen peroxide in a mobile slurry or paste and thereafter separating diphthaloyl peroxide from the aqueous phase. Preferably the minimum volume of hydrogen peroxide solution is employed commensurate with obtaining a mobile slurry or paste in a mole ratio of phthalic anhydride to hydrogen peroxide of 4:3 to 1:3. Preferably the reaction is effected at a temperature of from 25.degree. to 50.degree. C.Diphthaloyl peroxide is particularly suitable for washing/bleaching fabrics, optionally in conjection with an inorganic persalt e.g. sodium perborate, at a temperature of from 30.degree. to 60.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of cast urethane rubbers by the reaction together of a diisocyanate, a polyol and a chain extender wherein the urethane is prepared by reacting together an isocyanate-rich quasi-prepolymer and an hydroxyl-rich prepolymer. The said quasi-prepolymer is formed by reacting all of the di-isocyanate with a part of the polyol and the said hydroxyl-rich prepolymer is formed by reacting all of the chain extender, the remaining part of the polyol and a part of the said quasi-prepolymer. The cast urethane rubbers find use in demanding applications like solid tires.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for making diphthaloyl peroxide by reacting phthalic anhydride with aqueous hydrogen peroxide at a pH controlled to between pH 8 and 10, preferably pH 8.8 to 9.2 and a low temperature preferably maintained at 0.degree. to 5.degree. C, and thereafter removing diphthaloyl peroxide from solution, suitably by acidification and filtration. Preferably excess solid phthalic anhydride is employed and is filtered out before the solution is acidified. Desirably the concentration of active oxygen species is maintained at below 0.3 moles/liter.Diphthaloyl peroxide is particularly suitable for bleaching/washing fabrics, optionally in conjunction with an inorganic persalt e.g. sodium perborate, at a temperature of from 30.degree. to 60.degree. C.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for epoxidation of an alkene by reaction with a peracid, characterized by supplying an aqueous phase comprising sulphuric acid, hydrogen peroxide and water and an organic phase comprising acetic acid or propionic acid in a chlorinated hydrocarbon solvent to a liquid-liquid extraction device in such manner that these two phases pass in countercurrent through the extraction device; withdrawing from such extraction device an organic solution of peracid and carboxylic acid in the chlorinated hydrocarbon; passing said organic solution and the alkene cocurrently to a reactor; withdrawing from the reactor a product mixture and effecting fractional distillation thereof; withdrawing from such fractional distillation a product phase comprising the oxirane and a recycle phase comprising carboxylic acid in the chlorinated hydrocarbon, and passing such recycle phase from the distillation to the extraction device to form the organic phase therein.

Abstract: A process for bleaching dark fish meat such as skeletal cod threshings. The fish is bleached in the undissolved state at ambient temperature with a dilute aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide containing a polyphosphate at a pH of 10.5 to 11.5. Residual hydrogen peroxide is subsequently removed from the separated bleached fish by, for example, treatment with an aqueous solution of catalase at a pH of 7.5 to 8.0. The pH of the fish is finally adjusted to a value of from 6 to 7, that is, the pH of natural fish, by washing it with an aqueous solution of a food acid, for example, citric acid.

Abstract: Particulate peroxygen compounds such as sodium percarbonate are coated with a copolymer of vinylidene chloride and another copolymerizable monomer. These coated compounds can be used in detergent mixtures. The coating of peroxygen compound with such films protect the compound from the effect of decomposition by wet air during storage while it permits liberation of the peroxygen compound in an aqueous washing solution.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of preparing polyurethane foam which comprises the steps of forming an isocyanate-terminated prepolymer by reacting a polyisocyanate with a copolymer having an --OH-functionality greater than 2.00 but less than 3.00 derived from an .epsilon.-caprolactone, an epoxide and a mixture polyhydric alcohol chain initiators; and reacting said prepolymer in the presence of a blowing agent and a catalyst with a reactant mixture which comprises a chain extending agent having at least two functional groups each containing an active hydrogen atom, dissolved in a liquid copolymer of a lactone and an epoxide. The polyurethane foams are useful in the manufacture of shoe soles.