Abstract: Process for the production of aldehydes or ketones by oxidative cleavage of olefinic double bonds by means of a coordination complex of a ligand and a peroxo derivative of a metal of group 6b.Aldehydes and ketones obtained by said process are used among others as intermediates in the synthesis of organic products.

Abstract: Oxidation of alcohols to ketones using bromine suffers from a side reaction of comparable speed in which a bromide substituted product is formed. Additionally, the use of bromine as reagent is relatively unpleasant and it creates a major waste disposal problem.The latter problem can be solved by generating bromine in situ by reaction between hydrogen peroxide and bromide ions or hydrogen bromide, but this inevitably increases the exposure of the alcohol to HBr/Br.sup.-. The selectivity of the process towards non-substituted oxidation depending upon the inherent deactivation or reactivity of the alcohol can be improved by irradiating the reactants with light of suitable frequency to generate bromine radicals in the mixture, and/or by controlling the rate of introduction of the hydrogen peroxide and controlling the extent to which mole ratio of HBr:alcohol is substoichiometric.

Abstract: Secondary amines are oxidized with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a catalyst chosen from derivatives of zinc or cadmium.The process is applied to the preparation of di-substituted N,N-hydroxylamines such as N,N-diethylhydroxylamines and N,N-di-n-propylhydroxylamine.

Abstract: Process for the delignification of cellulosic substances comprising:a first stage of treatment of cellulosic substances with an acida second stage of treatment with hydrogen peroxide in an alkaline mediuma third stage of digestion in the presence of at least one chemical reactant chosen from sulphur-containing compounds and oxygen.The process applies to the treatment of wood fragments.

Abstract: Process for the delignification of cellulosic substances comprising:a first stage of treatment of cellulosic substances with an acida second stage of treatment with hydrogen peroxide in an alkaline mediuma third stage of digestion in the presence of at least one chemical reactant chosen from hydroxides of alkaline or alkaline-earth metals.The process applies to the treatment of wood fragments.

Abstract: It is desired to enhance the ability of hydrogen peroxide and persalts at wash temperatures of around 30.degree. to 70.degree. C., in order to use less energy and to minimize damage to various fabric finishes. It has been proposed in the past to use transition metal compounds, including cobaltous compounds for this purpose, but the literature is self-conflicting in the way to do this. In repeat trials the simple cobaltous salts did not show much activation.The invention provides a class of activators for persalts and hydrogen peroxide comprising cobalt III ammine complexes, preferably containing 4 or 5 ammine ligands obeying the formula:Co[(NH.sub.3).sub.n M.sub.m B.sub.b T.sub.t Q.sub.q ] Y.sub.yPreferred complexes contain a chloride, bromide, hydroxyl or water ligand.Such complexes can activate particularly well at above about pH10.2, which can vary from complex to complex, and retain activity in the presence of normal concentrations of many heavy duty washing compositions.

Abstract: In the present invention, hydrated magnesium salts of the carboxylate group in certain aromatic or olefinically unsaturated peroxyacids such as monoperoxyphthalic acid or monoperoxymaleic acid are made by reacting the corresponding anhydride with aqueous hydrogen peroxide and a magnesium base, in the absence of a significant amount of free iron. By so doing, the process avoids the use of non-aqueous solvents such as ethyl acetate. Solid product can be obtained by using no more than enough hydrogen peroxide and water for solely a damp product to be obtained or by crystallization from an aqueous solution, preferably with recycle of the mother liquor. Preferably the reaction temperature is maintained at 5.degree. to 25.degree. C., employing 1.8 to 2.2 moles anhyhdride per mole of magnesium base, and 0.95 to 1.2 moles of hydrogen peroxide per mole of anhydride.The product can be used as a bleach and as a disinfectant.

Abstract: The scarcity of high grade tungsten ores obliges users to seek to recover it from scrap materials, but drill bits in particular pose especial problems. Existing proposals to use acidic hydrogen peroxide to oxides and solubilize tungsten is extremely inefficient in reagent consumption per unit tungsten recovered.According to the present invention, hydrogen peroxide can be used considerably more efficiently in the extraction of tungsten into an aqueous acidic solution by employing certain promoters which are solid at 50.degree. C. in the form of fused blocks. These blocks release the promoter slowly into the reaction solution and achieve similar efficiency of use of hydrogen peroxide and acid but at markedly reduced consumption of promoter in comparison with the same promoter added in powder or granular form. Examples of such promoter are hydroxy or amino substituted aromatic carboxylic acids e.g. 2-hydroxybenzoic acid. The promoters can most conveniently be used in a multi-stage tungsten extraction process.

Abstract: The scarcity of high grade tungsten ores obliges users to seek to recover it from scrap materials, but drill bits in particular pose special problems. Existing proposals to use acidic hydrogen peroxide to oxidize and solubilize tungsten are extremely inefficient in reagent consumption per unit tungsten recovered.According to the present invention hydrogen peroxide can be used considerably more efficiently with sub-stoichiometric reagent addition per stage, especially from 6 to 12 stages and by the use of a small amount of certain promoters which it is believed may form a water-soluble complex with tungsten which provides an alternative route for tungsten dissolution. Many of the promoters are aromatic hydroxyl or amino acids such as 2-hydroxybenzoic acid, 2-aminobenzoic acid, 4-hydroxybenzene-phenol and its related oxidation products such as 1,4-benzoquinone. Also, certain aliphatic acids such as tartaric and epoxy succinic acid show some promotional activity.

Abstract: Hydrogen peroxide (8) is introduced at the interface of an anode (5) and an alkaline anolyte (3) of a fuel cell containing, in addition, an acid catholyte (4), isolated from the anolyte by a separator which is permeable to ions (2).

Abstract: In general, inorganic or organic peroxyacids are unstable in the presence of a nonionic surfactant, so that it was not feasible to contemplate storing liquid compositions containing both components. It has now been discovered that storable compositions containing both components can be obtained by the use of particulate potassium-4-sulphoperoxybenzoic acid dispersed in the liquid nonionic surfactant containing phase. Additionally, the compositions can also include a dispersed particulate water-insoluble builder such as zeolite or water-soluble builder such as STPP. It is preferable to include a small amount of a chelating peroxidic stabilizer such as dipicolinic acid or 1,1,1-hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid.

Abstract: Unless aqueous acidic hydrogen peroxide solutions are stabilized, an excessive rate of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide precludes their use for treatment of metal surfaces, such as of copper and copper alloys, during which use substantial concentrations of decomposition catalysts build-up in solution. Regular monitoring of the solutions for residual stabilizer content would demand sophisticated analytical equipment beyond the reach of many users.The invention provides a stabilizer in the form of a block of sparingly soluble material, whereby monitoring can be simply and readily effected visually or by a simple electrical or mechanical detection system. For copper/copper alloys preferred stabilizers are p-hydroxybenzoic acid and triphenyl carbinol.

Abstract: A continuous process for the production of a gaseous product (12), and as a liquid byproduct (16), at the same time by reacting a liquid reagent in a reactor (4) is disclosed. The positive difference between the pressure at the entrance to and an pressure at the outlet of the reactor (4) is kept constant. The process can be used to generate oxygen by decomposition of hydrogen peroxide and this oxygen can be used in welding and cutting sets.

Abstract: Aqueous compositions containing an organic peroxyacid such as the mono-potassium salt of 4-sulpho-peroxybenzoic acid (KSPB) would be convenient to employ for bleaching/washing or disinfection especially of aqueous media, but suffer from loss of available oxygen (Avox) from the peracid during storage.The problem of storage instability can be alleviated to a considerable extent by employing the KSPB in particulate form and incorporating in the aqueous phase a water-soluble potassium salt of a non-reducing acid having a pK.sub.a of below 6, preferably a non-halide. It is desirable to use at least 1% and preferably at least 5% w/w solution of the potassium salt, of which suitable examples are potassium sulphate and nitrate. The pH of the aqueous phase is preferably brought to pH 2 to 3.

Abstract: Process for the assembly of wooden components in which the wooden components are coated with a thermosetting resin containing formaldehyde and the resin-coated components are then treated with a peroxide and are then pressed together while heat is applied. Assembly of wooden components obtained by said process.

Abstract: Organic sulphides are extremely malodorous compounds that are found in gaseous or aqueous effluents from many industries such as paper and pulp manufacture, hydrocarbon refinering, tanneries, and in the synthesis of organic sulphur compounds. Their removal is necessary before such effluents can be discharged into the environment.In the present invention their removal is effected using hydrogen peroxide at a pH controlled to pH 8.5 to 11.5 and in the presence of a catalytic amount of a soluble tungstate. Such a process is especially applicable to the removal of dialkyl disulphides, which are regarded as being especially difficult to remove oxidatively. In especially preferred conditions, the pH is about pH 11 and about 3-4 moles H.sub.2 O.sub.2 is used per mole equivalent of sulphur, in the presence of at least 20 ppm sodium tungstate (as W).

Abstract: Granules of magnesium salts are obtained by spraying onto agitated feed particles of the salt a small amount of a dilute aqueous solution of a synthetic poly hydroxy-substituted compound, such as polyvinylalcohol, and drying the resultant agglomerate. It is especially suitable to carry out the granulation process in a warm air fluidized bed using feed particles of mainly below 200 microns producing eventually a low bulk density product mainly in the range 200-100 microns. The granular salts have a particle size of from 0.15 to 1.0 mm and a free-flowing bulk density of from 0.3 to 0.6 kg/l.

Abstract: Sulphophenyl esters can be made amongst other routes by reacting an acyl halide with a phenol sulphonate salt, but it has been suggested in the prior art that there are substantial problems or disadvantages associated with carrying out the reaction in the presence of an organic solvent such as gelation of the reaction medium or excessive reaction times.In the present invention, the process employs as organic solvent high boiling point primarily aliphatic hydrocarbons which forms with linear acyl halide a reaction medium in which products of high and/or improved purity and/or yield are obtainable without gelation and in reasonable reaction periods, especially between C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 linear acyl chlorides and sodium phenol sulphonate.

Abstract: Increased energy costs have stimulated a demand for peroxygen compounds that are effective at ambient to hand-hot temperatures, but peroxyacids and acyl peroxides tend to suffer from one or more of poor thermal stability, or sensitivity to impact or moisture, thereby rendering their manufacture or storage hazardous, or from poor solubility. The instant invention provides salts of the formula (in anhydrous form): ##STR1## in which M represents potassium and n=1 or M represents magnesium and n=2. The solids can be incorporated in low temperature bleaching compositions, in washing compositions, in sanitizing compositions or in disinfection/sterilisation compositions.

Abstract: A continuous process and apparatus for the analysis of a sample containing a peroxycompound in the presence of hydrogen peroxide using known colorimetric techniques, characterized in that a sample is taken continuously, is continuously mixed with a colorimetric reagent and is divided into two streams, and continuous differential colorimetric analysis of the two streams is effected to provided a differential signal, further characterized in that one such stream is heated to such a temperature that the peroxycompound reacts with the colorimetric reagent prior to effecting the differential colorimetric analysis, whereby the differential signal is a measure of the concentration of such peroxycompound. The process and apparatus may be modified in that a third stream is taken not containing any colorimetric reagent, and two differential colorimetric analyses are effected, whereby a further signal is obtained which is a measure of the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide.