Abstract: Quaternary ammonium compounds having the general formula: ##STR1## in which, R.sub.1 is an alkyl or aryl group, unsubstituted or substituted by at least two ester groups;R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are alkyl, aryl, aryl alkyl or alkyl aryl groups substituted by ester groups comprising no more than 10 carbon atoms;m, r and n are whole numbers;A.sup. .circle.r- is an anion such that m.times.r=n. The compounds are obtained by treatment of a tert.alcohol-amine with an alkylating or arylating agent and an acylating agent. They may be used as activators of persalts in wash compositions.

Abstract: The bleaching performance of hydrogen peroxide or persalts developing it in situ is markedly lower at lower washing temperatures from ambient to 60.degree. C. than at hot washing temperatures of around 90.degree. C. or above.The present invention relates to compositions and processes employing a minor amount of mixed oxides of calcium, barium or strontium with manganese which activate hydrogen peroxide bleaching and washing of stains at lower wash temperatures in spite of the fact that the compounds are substantially water-insoluble.Suitable mixed oxides include those represented by formula M.sub.x MnO.sub.y in which M represents the alkaline earth metal, x ranges from 1 to 2 and y ranges from 3 to 4.

Abstract: Process for the assembly of wooden components in which the wooden components are coated with a thermosetting resin containing formaldehyde and the resin-coated components are then treated with a peroxide and are then pressed together while heat is applied. Assembly of wooden components obtained by said process.

Abstract: It has been suggested hitherto that the bleaching performance of hydrogen peroxide or persalts developing it in situ at ambient to hand hot (e.g. up to 60.degree. C.) temperatures can be enhanced by addition of a transition metal catalyst, but recent investigations revealed that when manganese is selected as catalyst its performance can range from nil enhancement to a substantial improvement.The present invention is based upon the recognition that manganese catalysis of hydrogen peroxide is promoted by the presence of at least an equimolar amount of calcium, barium or strontium compound, and preferably a molar ratio of at least 50:1.

Abstract: The effectiveness of hydrogen peroxide for bleaching and disinfecting at ambient to hand hot temperatures can be enhanced by reaction with an enol ester a peracid generator (activator). The present invention provides emulsions of enol ester activators in aqueous acidic solutions of hydrogen peroxide containing a water soluble emulsifier in at least 1 part per part by weight of activator. The enol esters have either of the general formulae: ##STR1## Preferably, sufficient emulsifier mixture thereof is present to enable the resultant emulsion to be clear demonstrating the presence of thermodynamically stable micellar structures. In preferred compositions, the activator is selected from vinyl or isopropenyl or but-1-enyl or cyclohex-1-enyl acetate heptanoate, octanoate or benzoate and divinyl adipate or phthalate, and 1,5-diacetoxypenta-1,4-diene.

Abstract: An appliance for continuous production of a gaseous product (12), and a liquid byproduct (16), at the same time by reacting a liquid reagent in a reactor (4). The positive difference between the pressure at an entrance to and the pressure at an outlet of the reactor (4) is kept constant. The appliance is used to generate oxygen by decomposition of hydrogen peroxide and this oxygen can be used in welding and cutting sets. The appliance includes a reactor comprising a horizontal reaction zone connected to a horizontal gas collection zone, located above the reaction zone, by vertical conduits.

Abstract: Process for the treatment of waste water and gases containing dialkyl disulphides by catalytic oxidation of these compounds by means of a peroxide compound in an aqueous medium. Divalent copper ions are used for the catalyst and the medium is kept at a pH below 6.5.

Abstract: Cellulosic materials and more particularly wood shavings, pulps, and cellulosic textile fibres are exposed to the combined action of microwaves and at least one oxidizing agent.In particular, the process makes it possible to improve the brightness of the end product.

Abstract: Aqueous alkaline sulfidic waste effluents are often subjected to air oxidation processes that for economic sizing oxidize the sulfides only to thiosulfates. Thiosulfates are still immediate oxygen demanders and thus their concentration in the effluent must normally be reduced to below a threshold level before the effluent can be discharged. The effectiveness of hydrogen peroxide for this purpose can be significantly improved both as to rate of reaction and extent of removal by employing a copper catalyst in solution.

Abstract: Granules of the magnesium salts of percarboxylic acid carboxylates are obtained by spraying onto agitated feed particles of the salt a small amount of a dilute aqueous solution of a synthetic poly hydroxy-substituted compound, particularly polyvinylalcohol and drying the resultant agglomerate. It is especially suitable to carry out the granulation process in a warm air fluidized bed using feed particles of mainly below 200 microns producing eventually a low bulk density product mainly in the range 200-1000 microns.In a modification of the fluidized bed process, the agglomerating agent used can be a aqueous solution of carboxylated polyvinyl alcohol.

Abstract: The food compositions for pigs contain calcium peroxide. Calcium peroxide is administered to the pigs via the oral route in a proportion of 0.02 to 1.3 % by weight of the total food ration.The percentage of lean meat and the quality of the carcasses are thus substantially improved.

Abstract: Waste paper containing polymeric contaminants is broken down in the presence of an acidic aqueous solution containing at least one peracid.

Abstract: It would be desirable to improve upon the washing or disinfection capability of hydrogen peroxide-generating compositions at ambient to low operating conditions. The instant invention provides bleach compositions in which an activator is adsorbed into sodium perborate monohydrate, often in an amount of 20-40% w/w thereof. The invention permits liquid and consequently often low molecular weight activators to be readily employed in solid formulations. Preferred activators are selected from enol esters or gem-diesters, including vinyl benzoate, ethylidene benzoate acetate and divinyl adipate. The invention can also render N-acyl activators such as TAED more storage-stable.

Abstract: Hydrogen peroxide and persalt washing or disinfecting compositions perform comparatively ineffectively at ambient to low operating temperatures. More effective washing/disinfection processes are obtained by employing according to the instant invention there with a peroxyacid generator selected from compounds having the general formula (I): ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 often are hydrogen, R.sub.6 is often hydrogen or methyl and R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are often methyl or phenyl. R.sub.3 or R.sub.5 can each also represent a difunctional group terminating at its other end in a second gem-diester group or in an enol ester group. Especially preferred peroxyacid generators include 1,1,5-triacetoxypent-4-ene, 1,1,5,5-tetraacetoxy pentane, the corresponding butene and butane compounds, ethylidene benzoate acetate and bis(ethylidene acetate) adipate.

Abstract: Increased energy costs have stimulated a demand for peroxygen compounds that are effective at ambient to hand-hot temperatures, but peroxyacids and acyl peroxides tend to suffer from one or more of poor thermal stability, or sensitivity to impact, thereby rendering their manufacture or storage hazardous, or from poor solubility. The instant invention provides a salt of the formula (in anhydrous form): ##STR1## The salt can be incorporated in low temperature bleaching compositions, in washing compositions, in sanitizing compositions or in disinfection/sterilization compositions.

Abstract: Tungsten can be extracted into solution from tungsten carbide powder residues with aqueous hydrogen peroxide to a greater extent by employing in solution a catalytic quantity of hydrochloric acid, such as a mole ratio to the tungsten preferably in the range of at least 0.1:1 moles of HCl per mole tungsten, and often up to about 2.5 moles of HCl per mole of tungsten at 55.degree. to 85.degree. C. The selection of the mole ratio in practice usually takes into account the grade of tungsten carbide starting material. It is very preferable to use at least 7 moles hydrogen peroxide per mole of tungsten and an extraction temperature of 65.degree. to 75.degree. C.

Abstract: The present invention relates to aqueous alkaline built detergent compositions containing hydrogen peroxide. Alkaline conditions present particular difficulties for preventing the hydrogen peroxide from decomposing excessively rapidly during storage. Aqueous compositions containing a builder, especially polyphosphate or citrate, anionic sulphate or sulphonate surfactant, nonionic ethoxylate surfactant and hydrogen peroxide of acceptable peroxide stability can be obtained by employing an alcohol, preferably ethanol or isopropanol, or a polyhydroxy carboxylate, preferably gluconate, or especially both, in conjunction with a phosphonate, especially an ethylene amine methylene phosphonate. Many of such alkaline compositions are formulated to permit the anionic surfactant to work at or near to its optimum pH in conjunction with the builder.

Abstract: The present invention relates to aqueous alkaline bleach compositions containing hydrogen peroxide. Under alkaline conditions, it is particularly difficult to prevent the hydrogen peroxide decomposing excessively rapidly during storage, but the addition of an alkaline additive minimizes any change in the pH of washing solutions obtained by dissolution of generally bleach free washing compositions containing anionic surfactants. Hydrogen peroxide-containing aqueous alkaline bleach having acceptable peroxide stability can be obtained by employing ethanol or isopropanol in conjunction with a phosphonate, especially ethylene (diamino tetramethylene phosphonate,) particularly with a polyhydroxy carboxylate, preferably gluconate, or an amino acetate. The liquid bleach can contain a small proportion of a surfactant.

Abstract: Nitration of organic compounds and organic nitrogen compounds produced.Organic nitrogen compounds are formed in the vapor phase by organic radical formation by reaction of an organic compound with hydroxyl radicals derived from the reaction between hydrogen peroxide and nitrogen dioxide and the nitration of the organic radicals, suitably with nitrogen dioxide. The process may be conducted as a single stage process using an excess of nitrogen dioxide over that required for hydroxyl radical formation. The production of hydroxyl radicals is maximized by the use of a catalytic solid surface such as a solid acid or an acidic oxide or mixed oxide. The product may be a mixture of some or all of the nitrite, nitrate and nitro-derivative which may be used as such, e.g. as a fuel additive, as a source of the individual compounds or as a feedstock for a further synthesis.

Abstract: The effectiveness of hydrogen peroxide for bleaching and disinfecting at ambient to hand hot temperatures can be enhanced by reaction with a peracid generator (activator), but the provision of storage stable concentrated aqueous liquid premixes of hydrogen peroxide and activator presents many problems arising from the physical and chemical properties of the components.The present invention provides aqueous acidic emulsions of hydrogen peroxide and enol esters, preferably at a pH of 2 to 5 and containing a slight excess of hydrogen peroxide over an equivalent mole ratio to enol ester activator of 1:1.The concentrations of the components of some preferred emulsions are selected in the ranges of 3 to 20% hydrogen peroxide, 30 to 85% water, 10 to 30% enol ester (%s by weight based upon the emulsion) and from 10 to 70% by weight based on the enol ester of emulsifiers.