Abstract: A catalyst system for selective hydrogenation of sulfur-containing and nitrogen-containing compounds of a heteroaromatic organic phase includes a mixture of a noble metal selected from Group VIII of the Periodic Table of Elements and a water-soluble ligand. A process for preparing the catalyst system and hydrogenation process using the catalyst system are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a zeolite catalyst, a process for using the catalyst for conversion of hydrocarbons, especially naphtha and LPG feedstock, and a process for preparing the catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system and a method for separating a hydrocarbon containing material such as crude oil from water. The system of the present invention includes a treatment tank, a layer of a fluid having a chemical affinity for the hydrocarbon contain material being separated within the tank for separating the hydrocarbon containing material from said water without any mixing and with a minimum level of turbulence, and a distribution system for introducing the water with the hydrocarbon containing material into the layer of chemical affinity fluid. The method of the present invention broadly comprises the steps of providing a treatment tank having a layer of a fluid having a chemical affinity for the hydrocarbon containing material and separating the hydrocarbon containing material from the water without any mixing and with a minimum of turbulence by introducing the water with the hydrocarbon containing material into the layer of chemical affinity fluid.

Abstract: A catalyst useful for the simultaneous and selective hydrogenation of diolefins and nitriles present in a hydrocarbon feedstock includes (a) a support material selected from the group consisting of inorganic oxide, carbon, zeolite and mixtures thereof; and (b) a catalytically active metal phase including at least two metals selected from the group consisting of at least partially reduced Group IB metals and completely reduced Group VIII metals, the active metal phase being present in an amount of about .gtoreq.0.03 wt %.

Abstract: A method for on line recovery of oil from an oil in water emulsion spilled in water includes the steps of: obtaining a stream of recovered material including an oil in water emulsion and water; inducing a gas into the stream and applying shear so as to provide a mixture wherein oil from the oil in water emulsion is adhered to bubbles of the gas; passing the mixture to a flotation compartment for allowing the oil adhered to the bubbles to rise to a surface of the mixture; and removing the oil from the surface of the mixture.

Abstract: A method for on line recovery of oil from an oil in water emulsion spilled in water includes the steps of: obtaining a stream of recovered material including an oil in water emulsion and water; injecting a gas into the stream and applying shear so as to provide an injected mixture wherein oil from the oil in water emulsion is adhered to bubbles of the gas; passing the injected mixture to a flotation compartment for allowing the oil adhered to the bubbles to rise to a surface of the injected mixture; and removing the oil from the surface of the injected mixture.

Abstract: A process for suppressing foam formation in a vessel includes the steps of feeding a liquid and a gas to a vessel at a liquid velocity and a gas velocity respectively; adding particles of a solid material to the liquid, the particles having a particle size and particle density; and selecting at least one of the liquid velocity, particle size and particle density so as to fluidize the particles in the liquid, whereby foam formation in the vessel is suppressed. The particles are preferably liquid phase phobic particles.

Abstract: A process for suppressing foam formation in a bubble column reactor includes the steps of feeding a liquid and a gas to a reactor at a liquid velocity and a gas velocity respectively; and adding particles of a solid material to the liquid, wherein the particles are wettable by the liquid, and whereby foam formation in the reactor is suppressed

Abstract: A catalyst system for treating sulfur and nitrogen contaminated hydrocarbon feedstock includes a matrix, at least one support medium substantially uniformly distributed through said matrix and comprising a silica alumina molecular sieve material having a composition xSiO.sub.2 :Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 :yP.sub.2 O.sub.5, wherein x is at least about 0.1, a first catalytically active metal phase supported on said support medium, said first catalytically active metal phase comprising a first metal and a second metal each selected from group VIII of the Periodic Table of Elements, said first metal being different from said second metal, a second catalytically active metal phase supported on said matrix, said second catalytically active metal phase comprising a third metal and a fourth metal each selected from group VIII of the Periodic Table of Elements and a fifth metal selected from group VIb of the Periodic Table of Elements, said third metal being different from said fourth metal.

Abstract: A multi-stage process for treating n-paraffin feed is provided, including the steps of: (a) providing an n-paraffin feed; (b) contacting the n-paraffin feed with a dehydroisomerization catalyst under dehydroisomerization conditions so as to provide a dehydroisomerization product stream comprising n-paraffin, iso-paraffin, olefin and iso-olefin fractions; (c) mixing at least the iso-olefin fraction from the dehydroisomerization product stream with an alkyl alcohol to provide an etherification reaction feed; (d) contacting the etherification reaction feed with an etherification catalyst under etherification conditions so as to provide an etherification product stream comprising alkyl tert alkyl ether, n-paraffin, iso-paraffin and olefin fractions.

Abstract: A multiple emulsion includes a continuous water phase; an oil droplet phase dispersed through the continuous water phase; an inner water droplet phase dispersed through the oil droplet phase; and a water insoluble compound suspended in the inner water droplet phase. The multiple emulsion is useful as a transportable and combustible fuel.

Abstract: The invention relates to a synthetic crystalline material and its use in catalytic conversion of organic compounds and as a sorbent. The crystalline material contains one or more microporous crystalline phases, having a micropore volume greater than or equal to about 0.15 cc/g distributed in channels between about 3 to about 15 .ANG. in average diameter which is rendered accessible by a mesopore volume of greater than or equal to about 0.1 cc/g distributed in channels between about 20 to about 100 .ANG. in average diameter. A process is also provided for preparing the crystalline material of the present invention.

Abstract: A down hole hydroconversion process improves the viscosity, API gravity, and distillate proportions of heavy crude oils by employing a hydrogen donor, methane and steam down hole wherein the mineral formation down hole acts as a catalyst for the hydroconversion process.

Abstract: A process for steam conversion of a hydrocarbon feedstock in the presence of a catalyst includes the steps of (a) providing a catalytic emulsion comprising a water in oil emulsion containing a first alkali metal and a second metal selected from the group consisting of Group VIII non-noble metals, alkaline earth metals and mixtures thereof; (b) mixing the catalytic emulsion with a hydrocarbon feedstock to provide a reaction mixture; and (c) subjecting the reaction mixture to steam conversion conditions so as to provide an upgraded hydrocarbon product. A catalytic emulsion and process for preparing same are also provided.

Abstract: A thermally stable drilling fluid system includes drilling fluid and an additive wherein the additive includes styrene-butadiene copolymers having an average molecular weight greater than about 500,000 g/mol, wherein the drilling fluid system exhibits fluid loss control at high temperature and high pressure conditions.

Abstract: An adsorbent for selective removal of nitrile from a hydrocarbon feedstock includes a substantially homogeneous mixture of a cationic nonacidic zeolite and an inorganic oxide matrix, the zeolite having an accessibility index of between about 0.1 to about 0.4, and the adsorbent being capable, when contacted with a hydrocarbon feedstock containing nitrile and containing dienes in an amount of at least about 1.0% by volume, of adsorbing at least about 80% of the nitrile during contact with at least about 200 volumes of the feedstock per volume of adsorbent.

Abstract: A catalyst comprising a modified mordenite zeolite catalyst modified with Pt and a promoter selected from the group consisting of Group IIB, Group IVA, Group VIB and mixtures thereof is effectively used in a process for the simultaneous dehydrogenation and isomerization of paraffins to isoparaffins and isoolefins under controlled conditions. The catalyst is prepared by depositing on the modified mordenite zeolite catalyst sequentially Pt and thereafter the promoter.

Abstract: A process is provided for simultaneous selective hydrogenation of diolefins and nitriles from a hydrocarbon feedstock, wherein hydrogenation is carried out using a catalyst in one reactor zone while partially deactivated catalyst in another reactor zone is regenerated.

Abstract: An adsorbent for selective removal of nitrile from a hydrocarbon feedstock includes a substantially homogeneous mixture of a cationic nonacidic zeolite and an inorganic oxide matrix, the zeolite having an accessibility index of between about 0.1 to about 0.4, and the adsorbent being capable, when contacted with a hydrocarbon feedstock containing nitrile and containing dienes in an amount of at least about 1.0% by volume, of adsorbing at least about 80% of the nitrile during contact with at least about 200 volumes of the feedstock per volume of adsorbent.

Abstract: An HIPR emulsion of bitumen in water is prepared by a method which comprises directly mixing 70 to 98% by volume of bitumen having a viscosity in the range 200 to 500,000 mPa.s at the mixing temperature with 30 to 2% by volume of an aqueous solution of an emulsifying surfactant, percentages being expressed as percentages by volume of the total mixture. Mixing is effected under low shear conditions in the range 10 to 1,000 reciprocal seconds in such manner that an emulsion is formed comprising highly distorted bitumen droplets having mean droplet diameters in the range 2 to 50 micron separated by thin films of water.The emulsions can be cut back to provide stable emulsions of lower bitumen content which are useful in roadmaking and the formation of protective coatings.