Abstract: A process for the in-situ production of an effluent sorbent-oxide aerosol during the combustion of a hydrocarbon containing fuel whereby the effluents are removed from the resultant gaseous hydrocarbon stream comprises admixing an aqueous solution of the sorbent with the fuel, atomizing and combusting the mixture under controlled conditions so as to generate the effluent sorbent-oxide aerosol.

Abstract: A stable, low viscosity bimodal oil in water emulsion having an emulsifier, a continuous water phase and a discontinuous oil phase having an oil:water ratio of from about 70:30 to about 85:15 by weight, the discontinuous oil phase being characterized by two distinct oil droplet sizes D.sub.L and D.sub.S wherein D.sub.L is about 10 to 40 microns and D.sub.S is less than or equal to 5 microns, the ratio of D.sub.L /D.sub.S is greater than or equal to 4 and about 45 to 85% by weight of the oil is in oil droplet size D.sub.L.

Abstract: A process for the in-situ production of an effluent sorbent-oxide aerosol with promoter during the combustion of a hydrocarbon containing fuel whereby the effluents are removed from the resultant gaseous hydrocarbon stream comprises admixing an aqueous solution of the sorbent and promoter with the fuel, atomizing and combusting the mixture under controlled conditions so as to generate the effluent sorbent-oxide aerosol.

Abstract: A system for measuring a flow parameter of a fluid, comprising a conduit defining a flow passage for said fluid, said flow passage having a central axis means located in said flow passage for measuring a differential between a first resultant drag exerted by said fluid at a first distance from said central axis and a second resultant drag exerted by said fluid at a second distance from said central axis different from said first distance and means for determining said flow parameter from said differential, whereby said flow parameter is accurately measured regardless of viscosity changes in said fluid.

Abstract: A method for forming a stable emulsion of a viscous hydrocarbon in an aqueous buffer solution includes the steps of: providing a viscous hydrocarbon containing an inactive natural surfactant and having a salt content by weight of less than or equal to about 15 ppm and having a water content by weight of less than or equal to about 0.1%; forming a solution of a buffer additive in an aqueous solution to provide a basic aqueous buffer solution, the buffer additive being operative to extract and activate the inactive natural surfactant from the viscous hydrocarbon; and mixing the viscous hydrocarbon with the aqueous buffer solution at a rate sufficient to provide an emulsion of the viscous hydrocarbon in the aqueous buffer solution, whereby the buffer additive extracts the inactive natural surfactant from the viscous hydrocarbon into the aqueous buffer solution and activates the inactive natural surfactant so as to stabilize the emulsion. According to the invention, the buffer additive is a water soluble amine.

Abstract: A fertilizer composition is provided which is characterized by high mechanical resistance, anti-caking properties, and a substantially white color, and which fertilizer includes urea and a hydrosoluble additive selected from the group consisting of phosphoric acid, solutions of phosphoric acid in water, and phosphoric acid containing compositions, the additive containing P.sub.2 O.sub.5 in an amount sufficient to provide the fertilizer composition with a content of P.sub.2 O.sub.5 by weight of the fertilizer composition of between about 0.2% to about 7.0% such that the fertilizer composition possesses high mechanical resistance and a low tendency to lumping while maintaining a substantially white color and without affecting the capacity of dissolution thereof.

Abstract: A process for the production of alkyl tert alkyl ether, comprising the steps of providing a liquid hydrocarbon feedstock containing diolefin in an amount greater than or equal to about 2% wt, mixing said feedstock with an alcohol selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, propanol and mixtures thereof and with hydrogen so as to provide a mixture of said feedstock, alcohol and hydrogen and contacting said mixture with an etherification catalyst under etherification process conditions including a pressure sufficient to maintain said hydrogen in a liquid phase, and a space velocity (LHSV) of less than or equal to about 1 h.sup.-1 so as to provide said alkyl tert alkyl ether without poisoning said catalyst.

Abstract: A stable, low viscosity bimodal oil in water emulsion having an emulsifier, a continuous water phase and a discontinuous oil phase having an oil:water ratio of from about 70:30 to about 85:15 by weight, the discontinuous oil phase being characterized by two distinct oil droplet sizes D.sub.L and D.sub.S wherein D.sub.L is about 10 to 40 microns and D.sub.S is less than or equal to 5 microns, the ratio of D.sub.L /D.sub.S is greater than or equal to 4 and about 45 to 85% by weight of the oil is in oil droplet size D.sub.L.

Abstract: A catalyst comprising a modified mordenite zeolite catalyst modified with Pt and a promoter selected from the group consisting of Group IIB, Group IVA, Group VIB and mixtures thereof is effectively used in a process for the simultaneous dehydrogenation and isomerization of paraffins to isoparaffins and isoolefins under controlled conditions. The catalyst is prepared by depositing on the modified mordenite zeolite catalyst sequentially Pt and thereafter the promoter.

Abstract: The present invention is drawn to a method for measuring crude oil contained in a gas flowing in a gas line which incorporates the steps of obtaining a sample of gas from the gas line, passing the sample of gas through a selective crude oil trap, measuring the volume of the sample of gas, and measuring the volume of trapped crude oil. The selective crude oil trap includes a cooled coil and at least one cylinder filled with a fluid which is non-soluble with oil and which is preferably refrigerated. The selective crude oil trap may alternatively include a filter device which has a cylinder filled with a polymerized porous medium bound with a phenolic resin. The apparatus for carrying out the method has inlet and outlet connectors which allow the apparatus to be releasably connected to a gas flow line to obtain a sample of gas and to be disconnected and physically transported to a remote facility for completion of the testing.

Abstract: A method for preparing oil in water HIPR emulsions includes the steps of providing a Newtonian liquid including a mixture of a viscous hydrocarbon, an emulsifying additive and water; subjecting the Newtonian liquid to a first shear force whereby a substantial portion of the Newtonian liquid is radially displaced and mixed so as to form a non-Newtonian liquid; thereafter subjecting remaining non-radially displaced Newtonian liquid to a second shear force to mix the remaining non-radially displaced Newtonian liquid into the non-Newtonian liquid to form the HIPR emulsion, which emulsion is a stable oil in water emulsion having a droplet size of between about 1 to 30 microns and having a droplet size distribution (x) no greater than about 1, the droplet size distribution being defined as follows: ##EQU1## wherein D90 is a droplet size at least as large as about 90% of all droplets in the oil in water emulsion;D10 is a droplet size at least as large as about 10% of all droplets in the oil in water emulsion; andD50

Abstract: An apparatus for providing a gas shield includes two radially adjustable walls disposed in spaced relation to each other along a substantially common central axis, each wall including a plurality of radially oriented wall segments defining a substantially flat, round wall having a circumference; a wedge structure for radially displacing the plurality of radially oriented wall segments between an expanded position wherein the circumference of each wall is expanded and a withdrawn position wherein the circumference of each wall is withdrawn; and a conduit for introducing a shield gas into a space defined between the two radially adjustable walls.

Abstract: A method for determining the concentration of a monitored gas in the head space of a confined space containing a medium material at a given temperature (T.sub.1), includes the steps of: (a) providing an extracting apparatus having a chamber for receiving a sample volume of the material to be extracted from the confined space; (b) controlling the temperature of the chamber such that the temperature of the chamber is maintained at the given temperature (T.sub.

Abstract: A conduit for transporting an oil and water mixture wherein the conduit has an inner surface is substantially hydrophilic and oleophobic. The surface is characterized by a water absorption capacity of greater than or equal to about 8% by weight, and by a contact angle with the oil of greater than or equal to about 120.degree.. The inner surface material may be a silica containing concrete composition or a polymeric coating composition. A conduit having such an inner surface is wetted by water so as to inhibit adhesion of oil to the conduit.

Abstract: A tri-elemental catalyst on a support that includes a pentasil crystalline zeolite and is suitable for hydrocracking and hydrogenation of aromatics-containing petroleum hydrocarbon feedstocks such as hydrotreated cracked feedstock, virgin feedstock, vacuum distillate, middle distillate, mixtures thereof, and the like, is disclosed. The catalyst is suitable for hydrodesulfurization as well as hydrodenitrogenation, thus the feedstock can contain sulfur and nitrogen in addition to the aromatic components. Hydrocracking and aromatics hydrogenation of the petroleum hydrocarbon feedstocks is accomplished under a relatively wide range of process conditions in plural process zones using the tri-elemental catalyst that contains a catalytically active metal phase constituted by a Group VI-B element, a Group VIII first transition series element and a Group VIII second transition series element.

Abstract: A process for preparing alkyl tert alkyl ethers includes the steps of providing a liquid olefinic hydrocarbon feedstock having a sulfur content, providing an ion exchange resin containing an amount of palladium selected based upon the sulfur content of the liquid olefinic hydrocarbon feedstock, mixing the liquid olefinic hydrocarbon feedstock with alcohol and hydrogen so as to obtain a reaction feedstock and treating the reaction feedstock with the ion exchange resin under etherification conditions so as to obtain an alkyl tert alkyl ether.

Abstract: A method for determining the concentration of a monitored gas in the head space of a confined space containing a medium material at a given temperature (T.sub.1), includes the steps of: (a) providing an extracting apparatus having a chamber for receiving a sample volume of the material to be extracted from the confined space; (b) controlling the temperature of the chamber such that the temperature of the chamber is maintained at the given temperature (T.sub.

Abstract: A process for the production of an ether-rich additive for gasoline, and more particularly, the production of MTBE, TAME and mixtures thereof from light hydrocarbon streams comprising passing the light hydrocarbon stream, preferably from an FCC feedstock, through a superactivated porous particulate medium so as to remove nitrogen compounds, mercaptan and water prior to contacting the feedstock with a catalyst under etherification process conditions. The present invention further includes a process for regenerating the spent superactivated mediums used for purifying the feedstock employed in the process for the production of ether-rich additives for gasoline.

Abstract: A process for treating alumina mediums used for purifying a hydrocarbon feedstock employed in a process for the production of ether-rich additives for gasoline.

Abstract: A zeolitic material with a crystalline structure of MFI type has a ratio of silica to alumina which is lower than 26, and is hydrothermally prepared without organic template reagents or seeding procedures. Crystalline structure is obtained by forming a mixture of a silicon dioxide source, an alkali metal hydroxide, an aluminum source and water, all reactants with the following molar ratios: ##EQU1## where M is an alkali metal, and reacting the mixture at a temperature from 160.degree. to 180.degree. C. for 40-80 hours. The material is characterized by X-ray diffraction, and has good cracking activity and improved selectivity for gasoline octanes.