Abstract: The present invention relates to a hydrocatalytic process for treating vacuum gas oils, residual feedstocks or mixtures thereof in the presence of up to 100 ppm of V and Ni at moderate hydrogen partial pressures. The process consists of two or more stages: (a) demetallization of feedstock to levels below 10 ppm of V and Ni, and (b) hydrodenitrogenation and hydroconversion of catalysts using a combined bed, and catalytic cracking of the 370.degree. C..+-. fraction to obtain gasolines. This process applies also to vacuum gas oils obtained from other processes, such as FCC, Flexicoque, etc.

Abstract: A process for controlling sulfur-oxide formation and emissions when burning a combustible fuel prepared from a hydrocarbon containing sulfur comprising forming a hydrocarbon in water emulsion and adding to the hydrocarbon in water emulsion a water soluble additive selected from the group consisting of Na.sup.+, K.sup.+, Li.sup.+, Ca.sup.++, Ba.sup.++, Mg.sup.++, Fe.sup.+++ and mixtures thereof so as to obtain SO.sub.2 emission levels upon combustion of said emulsion of less than or equal to 1.50 LB/MMBTU.

Abstract: A multi-stage compressor having variable volume compression ratios and automatic lubricating features. The multi-stage compressor comprises first and second pistons which are mounted for reciprocal movement in first and second cylinders so as to define a plurality of compression chambers. The pistons are rigidly connected by a connecting rod so as to define between the lubricating pumping chamber for lubricating the piston seals of the multi-stage compressor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system for improving the production of crude oil for underground reservoirs by the injection of treatment fluids. The system includes a subsurface oil pump for pumping oil from the reservoir to the surface and includes a metering mechanism for selectively introducing treatment fluids into the pumping chamber during oil recovery. A specific feature of the present invention is the provision of a seating nipple for sealingly receiving the pump within the production tube of the well. In accordance with a particular feature of the present invention, a metering value is incorporated within the pump barrel thereby allowing the pump barrel and metering valve to be removed from the production tube as a unit for easy replacement and repair thereof. Furthermore, by selecting differently designed connecting adaptors, both insert type and tubing type subsurface pumps can be used with the metering valve assembly.

Abstract: A process for the production of high quality petroleum tar pitch for use as a binder in the manufacture of electrodes for the aluminum and steel industries from a highly aromatic feed comprises fractionating the feed in an oxygen-free environment under controlled conditions so as to obtain a specific quality petroleum tar pitch.

Abstract: An earth boring rotary drill bit suitable for use in drilling oil wells and the like includes a rotating cone mounted on a journal that is protected by a primary seal and a secondary seal. The seals provide independent sealing action while coacting to stabilize the rotary motion of the cone. The primary seal defines a moving sealing surface in contact with the journal, and the secondary seal defines a moving sealing surface in contact with the rotating cone. The journal can have a frusto-conical or cylindrical configuration.

Abstract: An apparatus to measure interfacial tension of fluids in equilibrium and, more particularly, a liquid in equilibrium with a gaseous phase thereof using a pendant drop method, at superatmospheric pressure and elevated temeprature conditions. The apparatus includes a visual cell having an interchangeable, multiple capillary injection system, a double-piston pump which permits the drop's injection into the cell without disturbing the experimental conditions, and an optical system comprising a photographic camera, a telemicroscope, and a lighting system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the hydroconversion of heavy crude oil and an improved regenerable catalyst for use therein. The process broadly comprises (a) introducing into a hydroconversion reaction zone a feedstock of crude oil, hydrogen, from about 10 to about 1000 wppm of an active phase source selected from the group consisting of Group VB metals, Group VIB metals, Group VIIB metals, Group VIIIB metals, Group IA metals, Group IIA metals, and mixtures thereof, and from about 0.1 to about 20.0 wt. % of a refractory carrier material having a surface area in the range of from about 10 to about 700 m.sup.2 /g, a total pore volume of from about 0.1 to about 2.0 cm.sup.3 /g, an average pore diameter in the range of from about 20 to about 4,000 .ANG., a particle size diameter in the range of from about 1 to about 1000 .mu.m and pore size distribution according to the following:______________________________________ Pores of radius r (.ANG.

Abstract: An HIPR (high internal phase ratio) emulsion of oil in water is prepared by directly mixing 70 to 98% by volume of a viscous oil having a viscosity in the range 200 to 250,000 mPa.s at the mixing temperature with 30 to 2% by volume of an aqueous solution of an emulsifying surfactant or an alkali, percentages being expressed as percentages by volume of the total mixture. Mixing is effected under low shear conditions in the range 10 to 1,000 reciprocal seconds in such manner that an emulsion is formed comprising highly distorted oil droplets having mean droplet diameters in the range 2 to 50 micron separated by thin interfacial films.The emulsions are much less viscous than the oils from which they are prepared and may, optionally after dilution, be pumped through a pipeline.Viscous crude oils may be transported by this method.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an aluminum alloy containing vanadium characterized by improved corrosion resistance and articles made therefrom wherein said article when anodized have a uniformly grey, light-fast surface and a reflectivity of at most 50%.

Abstract: A process for producing metallurgical coke from a hydrocarbon residuum characterized by high vanadium and high sulphur contents comprises coking a hydrocarbon residuum in a coking drum in the presence of an additive selected from the group consisting of carbonates and hydroxides of sodium, potassium and calcium and mixtures thereof and an oxidizing agent selected from the group consisting of water, carbon dioxide and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Methods for the formation, processing, transportation and end use of a hydrocarbon-in-water emulsion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an aluminum alloy containing vanadium characterized by improved corrosion resistance and articles made therefrom wherein said articles when anodized have a uniformly grey, light-fast surface and a reflectivity of at most 50%.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for centralizing at least one sucker rod within a production pipe and for reducing frictional forces between the pipe and the sucker rod(s). The device comprises an elongate, substantially cylindrical body member, a plurality of slots within the member and a rotatable member in each slot. Each rotatable member is formed from a metallic material having a hardness of at least about 50 Brinnel Hardness, less than the hardness of the material forming the production pipe tubing. In a preferred embodiment, the slots and the rotatable members are in a helical array.

Abstract: A method for making a catalyst containing a vanadium passivating agent in the form of anatase crystalline TiO.sub.2 including a method for processing hydrocarbon feeds containing vanadium.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the hydroconversion of heavy crude oil and an improved regenerable catalyst for use therein. The process broadly comprises (a) introducing into a hydroconversion reaction zone a feedstock of crude oil, hydrogen, from about 10 to about 1000 wppm of an active phase source selected from the group consisting of Group VB metals, Group VIB metals, Group VIIB metals, Group VIIIB metals, Group IA metals, Group IIA metals, and mixtures thereof, and from about 0.1 to about 20.0 wt. % of a refractory carrier material having a surface area in the range of from about 10 to about 700 m.sup.2 /g, a total pore volume of from about 0.1 to about 2.0 cm.sup.3 /g, an average pore diameter in the range of from about 20 to about 4,000 .ANG., a particle size diameter in the range of from about 1 to about 1000 .mu.m and a pore size distribution according to the following:______________________________________ Pores of radius r (.ANG.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for centralizing at least one sucker rod within a production pipe and for reducing frictional forces between the pipe and the sucker rod(s). The device comprises an elongate, substantially cylindrical body member, a plurality of slots within the member and a rotatable member in each slot. Each rotatable member is formed from a metallic material having a hardness of at least about 50 Brinnel Hardness, less than the hardness of the material forming the production pipe tubing. In a preferred embodiment, the slots and the rotatable members are in a helical array.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a combined process for separating and converting asphaltenes of high molecular weight and high softening point from heavy hydrocarbon material containing asphaltenes by a process that combines a deasphalting method to produce solid asphaltenes and a continuous coking procedure for the solid asphaltenes. The combined process converts the material into more valuable liquid hydrocarbon products of lower molecular weight and coke.

Abstract: A catalyst comprises an alumina carrier having a surface concentration as measured by X-Ray Photoelectronic Spectroscopy (XPS) to give values of the Group VIB metal Xs/(A1+X)s of between 4 to 15 where X equals the Group VIB metal and a bulk concentration of between 2.0 to 15.0 wt. % of said Group VIB metal, a surface concentration as measured by X-Ray Photoelectronic Spectroscopy (XPS) to give values of the Group VIII metal Ys/(A1+Y)s of between 2 to 5 where Y equals the Group VIII metal and a bulk concentration of between 1.0 to 4 wt. % of said Group VIII metal, a surface concentration as measured by X-Ray Photoelectronic Spectroscopy (XPS) to give values of phosphorus Ps/(A1+P)s of between 0.1 to 8 and a bulk concentration of between 0.4 to 2 wt. % phosphorus and a surface concentration as measured by X-Ray Photoelectronic Spectroscpy (XPS) to give values of silica SiO.sub.2 /(A1+SiO.sub.2) of between 1 to 10 and a bulk concentration of between 0.1 to 5 wt.

Abstract: A process for controlling sulfur-oxide formation and emissions when burning a combustible fuel prepared from a hydrocarbon containing sulfur comprising forming a hydrocarbon in water emulsion and adding to the hydrocarbon in water emulsion a water soluble additive selected from the group consisting of Na.sup.+, K.sup.+, Li.sup.+, Ca.sup.++, Ba.sup.++, Mg.sup.++, Fe.sup.+++ and mixtures thereof so as to obtain SO.sub.2 emission levels upon combustion of said emulsion of less than or equal to 1.50 LB/MMBTU.