Abstract: A scale removal method for use in saline water desalting apparatus characterized in that, during the time the desalting operation is being performed, an acid is added to the saline water for short periods at predetermined time intervals in the salt water passages for condensation, heating and heat recovery.

Abstract: The invention discloses a low NO.sub.x emission burner for use with an apparatus in which the material or materials are heated by the heat radiated from the radiation surface which is heated by the combustion by the burners. The secondary air injection ports or outlets are so arranged as to inject the secondary air upon the radiation surface to control the combustion, thereby reducing the release of NO.sub.x without producing CO and soot.

Abstract: A power control system is disclosed for an electric arc or refining furnace circuit to which is supplied power directly from an independent power generating unit or units installed independently of a publicly available power supply system or any other power generating unit. Depending upon the operating conditions of the furnace, the power supply is controlled by the suitable adjustment of the generator voltage or frequency or by the combination thereof based upon the relations V = K..PHI..n where V = generator voltage, K = constant, .PHI. = flux density and n = operating speed of a prime mover mechanically coupled to each generator, and f = p.n/60 where f = frequency, and p = number of poles in each generator.