Abstract: A multilayer molecular film photoresist is provided. The multilayer molecular film photoresist comprises a plurality of molecular lines extending upwards above a substrate arranged in the horizontal direction. Each of the molecular lines includes a plurality of inorganic single molecules and an organic single molecule sandwiched between at least some of the inorganic single molecules, and these single molecules are connected by bonds.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) data encoding technique capable of reducing effects due to supply noise. A data transmission method according to an embodiment includes identifying an encoding rule of mapping a plurality of pieces of N-bit data and M data symbols, according to a designated level, obtaining a plurality of segmented pieces of data by performing segmentation on input data in units of N bits, mapping the obtained plurality of segmented pieces of data to the M data symbols based on the identified encoding rule, and transmitting the M data symbols obtained as a result of mapping through a plurality of single-ended data lines, wherein an absolute value of a sum of the M data symbols has a value equal to or less than the designated level.

Abstract: According to an aspect, method for synthesizing multi-speaker speech using an artificial neural network comprises generating and storing a speech learning model for a plurality of users by subjecting a synthetic artificial neural network of a speech synthesis model to learning, based on speech data of the plurality of users, generating speaker vectors for a new user who has not been learned and the plurality of users who have already been learned by using a speaker recognition model, determining a speaker vector having the most similar relationship with the speaker vector of the new user according to preset criteria out of the speaker vectors of the plurality of users who have already been learned, and generating and learning a speaker embedding of the new user by subjecting the synthetic artificial neural network of the speech synthesis model to learning, by using a value of a speaker embedding of a user for the determined speaker vector as an initial value and based on speaker data of the new user.

Abstract: Disclosed are: a three-dimensional flash memory including a channel layer having a multilayer structure; and a method for manufacturing same. The channel layer has a dual structure including a first channel layer which is formed to be in contact with a charge storage layer and improves the electron mobility in an inversion region that is a contact interface with the charge storage layer, and a second channel layer formed on an inner wall of the first channel layer. Alternatively, the channel layer can have a dual structure including an outer first channel layer and a second channel layer formed on an inner wall of the first channel layer, wherein a heterojunction is formed as a junction between the first channel layer and the second channel layer.

Abstract: Proposed is an apparatus for verifying a radiation dose using a patient-specific tumor-shaped scintillator including a probe adapter to which a 3D tumor-shaped scintillator having a guide is attached; a receiving portion to which the probe adapter is detachably coupled; a light guide which extends from the receiving portion and includes optical fiber transmitting visible light generated by irradiating radiation in the 3D tumor-shaped scintillator; a photomultiplier tube converting the visible light transmitted from the light guide into an electric signal and amplifying the converted electric signal; and a current electrometer measuring an output current by inputting the electric signal of the photomultiplier tube.

Abstract: Disclosed are a processor, a processor operation method and an electronic device comprising same. The disclosed processor operation method comprises the steps of: identifying an instruction for instructing the execution of a first operation and address information of an operand corresponding to the instruction; and executing the instruction on the basis of whether or not the address information of the operand satisfies a predetermined condition. In the step of executing the instruction, a second operation configured to the instruction is executed for the operand if the address information of the operand satisfies the predetermined condition, and the first operation is executed for the operand if the address information of the operand does not satisfy the predetermined condition.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method for verifying a convolutional neural network model and a device thereof. The method for verifying the convolutional neural network model includes (a) generating a polynomial circuit equation for a first configuration of a plurality of configurations configuring the convolutional neural network model; (b) generating a first commitment value and a first proof value by applying a zero-knowledge proof scheme based on the polynomial circuit equation; (c) generating an arithmetic circuit equation for a second configuration of the plurality of configurations; (d) generating a second commitment value and a second proof value by applying a zero-knowledge proof scheme based on the arithmetic circuit equation; and (e) generating a connection proof value connecting the first commitment value and the second commitment value.

Abstract: A method for quantization learning by a model quantizer that is operating in a computer system and compressing a transformer model. The method may include generating a student model through quantization of the transformer model, performing a first quantization learning by inserting a self-attention map of a teacher model into a self-attention map of the student model, and performing a second quantization learning using a knowledge distillation method so that the self-attention map of the student model follows the self-attention map of the teacher model.

Abstract: Proposed are an adenine base editor having increased thymine-cytosine sequence-specific cytosine base editing activity, a cytosine base editing method, and a cytosine base editing kit. The editor, produced by introducing a P48R mutation into an adenosine deaminase, has an operating range that is more sophisticated than conventional cytosine base editors, allows cytosine base editing only when cytosine is positioned right behind thymine, thereby enabling elaborate editing even when there is a plurality of cytosines within the range, and enables cytosine to be substituted with thymine or guanine in the presence or absence of UGI, respectively. Therefore, the cytosine base editing composition can be effectively used in the fields of gene therapy or new crop development which requires precise editing of only cytosine in all living organisms, including humans, plants, and bacteria.

Abstract: An interface element connected to a device and a security die-chip are fabricated in a single package. The security die-chip may provide a security authentication function to the interface element that does not have the security authentication function. The security die-chip may include a physically unclonable function (PUF) to provide a private key, and a hardware security module to perform encryption and decryption using the private key.

Abstract: The present disclosure in some embodiment provides a hybrid induction motor including dual stators. According to at least one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a hybrid induction motor including a hollow rotor including a single conductor bar which is annularly disposed and spaced apart from a rotation axis by a predetermined distance, an outer stator having an outer stator winding disposed in parallel with an outer circumferential surface of the hollow rotor, and an inner stator having an inner stator winding disposed in parallel with an inner circumferential surface of the hollow rotor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an adenine base editor from which cytosine editing activity is removed, a method of editing an adenine base, and method of editing an adenine base. In the present invention, it was confirmed that four mutations (V106W, D108Q, F148A and F149A) in adenosine deaminase increase the specificity for adenine editing by reducing cytosine base editing efficiency, and ABE variants were manufactured by introducing respective mutations into a variety of more improved adenine base editors than ABEmax, and tested, confirming that the mutations significantly decrease a cytosine editing effect. Therefore, the adenine base editor according to the present invention is able to more accurately edit adenine, and the method of editing an adenine base can be effectively used in the field of gene therapy that has to accurately edit only adenine in all living organisms including humans, plants and bacteria or novel crop development.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a contraception apparatus for a male. The contraception apparatus for a male according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises: a tube inserted into a seminal duct and having, on the inside, a hollow portion that is open at both ends; and at least one filter located in the hollow portion of the tube. The filter may comprise: a plurality of microchannels penetrating the filter; and a plurality of nanospikes formed on one surface of the filter.

Abstract: A clock data recovery circuit includes a phase-locked loop configured to generate a plurality of clock signals having unequal phases relative to each other, in response to a received clock signal, and a phase interpolator configured to interpolate phases of the plurality of clock signals during generation of multiphase sampling clock signals.

Abstract: Presented are a combined learning method and device using a transformed loss function and feature enhancement based on a deep neural network for speaker recognition that is robust to a noisy environment.

Abstract: A porous aramid nanofiber film, a manufacturing method thereof, and a secondary battery including the same are provided. The method of manufacturing the porous aramid nanofiber film includes forming an aramid nanoseed suspension layer by applying an aramid nanoseed suspension on a substrate. The suspension layer is immersed in an alcohol-containing protic solvent for first solvent exchange to prepare an aramid nanofiber film by self-assembly. The aramid nanofiber film is immersed in water for second solvent exchange to form an aramid nanofiber hydrogel film. Freeze-drying the aramid nanofiber hydrogel film to prepare a porous aramid nanofiber film.

Abstract: Disclosed are a three-dimensional flash memory, to which a GSL-removed structure is applied, and an operating method thereof.

Abstract: A method for determining a reset cause of an embedded controller for a vehicle includes: executing an embedded controller for the vehicle by a central processing unit (CPU) of the embedded controller; generating a log based on information related to reset of the embedded controller collected from the running embedded controller, and a sequence number generated by the running embedded controller by the embedded controller; determining cause information of a reset trigger by analyzing the log including the reset trigger log, and determining reset cause information of the embedded controller based on the cause information of the reset trigger by a log analyzer of the embedded controller; storing a cause analysis result log including the reset cause information in a cause analysis result buffer in response to the reset cause information by the embedded controller; and storing the cause analysis result log in a non-volatile storage device.

Abstract: An end coil cooling structure includes: a shielding member which is disposed within a motor housing, surrounds an area where an end coil is disposed, and forms an enclosed space; and a plurality of heat conducting particles disposed to fill the enclosed space and to come into contact with the end coil.

Abstract: A parallel-to-serial converter includes first to fourth input nodes configured to receive first to fourth data input signals, respectively, and an output node configured to output a data output signal. First to fourth logic circuits are provided, which are configured to electrically couple respective ones of the first to fourth input nodes one-at-a-time to the output node, in synchronization with first to fourth clock signals. The first logic circuit includes a first input circuit, a second input circuit, and an output circuit electrically coupled to the first and second input circuits. The output circuit includes a first pull-up transistor and a first pull-down transistor having drain terminals coupled to the output node, a second pull-up transistor connected between a source terminal of the first pull-up transistor and a first power supply node, and a second pull-down transistor connected between a source terminal of the first pull-down transistor and a second power supply node.