Abstract: In a process for the production of an electrode for cell, a three-dimensional porous metal substrate is filled with an active material filler containing an active material. Then, heat and ultrasonic vibration is applied in order to denature or deform the active material filler to the substrate at a predetermined point where a collector leading portion is formed to remove the active material filler.

Abstract: In a lead-acid battery, a positive active material includes tin in an amount of from not less than 0.2% to not more than 5% based on the weight thereof. The density of the positive active material after formation is from not less than 3.75 g/cc to not more than 5.0 g/cc. When the lead-acid battery is produced by a battery container formation, a time required between the injection of an electrolyte and the beginning of battery container formation is from not less than 0.1 hours to not more than 3 hours.

Abstract: A positive electrode for a lithium battery wherein nickel oxyhydroxide is held in an electro-conductive three-dimensional porous material or a sintered nickel substrate and a lithium battery using it. When the three-dimensional porous material is used, the electric contact of the active material and the current collector is good, also the contact state of nickel oxyhydroxide particles, which are active materials, each other is good, further, the contact resistance among the particles is low, and also the diffusion of the lithium ion, which is the rate-determining step of the reaction, becomes easy among the particles.

Abstract: A charging method and a charging apparatus which can be used particularly for charging a valve-regulated lead acid battery using a Pb-Sb alloy grid as a positive electrode grid. Primary constant-current charging is performed with a predetermined current value. The primary constant-current charging is further continued for an extension time ta after the battery voltage reaches a change-over voltage Vc. After the extension time has passed, the charging is changed over to secondary constant-current charging using a current value smaller than that of the primary constant-current charging. The extension time for continuing the primary constant-current charging is preferably set so as to be shorter as the battery temperature is higher. Also a secondary charging time for executing the secondary constant-current charging is preferably set so as to be shorter as the battery temperature is higher.

Abstract: A valve-regulated lead-acid battery produced by a so-called container formation method including preparing a battery from unformed positive and negative plates filling a predetermined dilute sulfuric acid into said battery, and then applying an electric current to said battery so that the group of plates is formed by container formation is provided. The valve-regulated lead-acid battery has an negative active material containing an oil incorporated therein. The amount of the oil to be incorporated is from 0.05 to 1% by weight. The oil may be a paraffinic oil, naphthenic oil, olefinic oil, aromatic oil or silicon-based oil.

Abstract: The invention provides a battery holder consisting of one plate-like support member and another support member. A plurality of battery holes of a predetermined depth into which sealed portions of a positive or negative side of sealed-type batteries that are clamped at one side by the support member are to be respectively fitted are formed in one face of the support member, so that one row of the battery holes is a row for positive terminals and another row of the battery holes is a row for negative terminals. A terminal hole is formed in a bottom face of each of the battery holes. A groove is formed between adjacent paired positive-terminal and negative-terminal holes among the terminal holes disposed in the bottom faces of the battery holes of the rows. The paired positive-terminal and negative-terminal holes are communicated with each other through the groove. Vent holes are opened at appropriate places among the battery holes.

Abstract: Forced discharging circuits each of which is configured by connecting in series a transistor, a reverse blocking Zener diode, and a discharging resistor are connected between positive and negative output terminals of cells, respectively. In each of the Zener diodes, the Zener voltage is set to be substantially equal to the cut-off voltage of discharge of the corresponding cell. The bases of the transistors are connected to a switching control circuit. The transistor of each of the forced discharging circuits is set so as to have a larger on-duty ratio, as the cell to which the forced discharging circuit is connected is remoter from a ground line, so that the average currents flowing through the cells are equal to one another.

Abstract: In a method for charging a lead-acid battery having a non-antimony-lead alloy grid, after charging the battery, the battery is incidentally discharged in such a manner that the voltage of said battery which has been incidentally discharged per cell falls below the sum of 70 mV and equilibrium voltage that is an open circuit voltage of the battery in equilibrium state after being fully charged.

Abstract: A safety device for a storage battery includes a charge-discharge lead one end of which is connected to a positive electrode side of the storage battery and the other end of which is connected to a positive terminal of the storage battery; a pressure-sensing device which deforms in response to the increase of the pressure in the storage battery; and a cutting device for cutting the charge-discharge lead. The cutting device is pressed by the deformation of the pressure-sensing device to cut the charge-discharge lead.

Abstract: A band-like punching metal is made to be put on a positive electrode formed from band-like nickel fiber felt having a positive electrode active material carried therein. The positive electrode and a negative electrode are wound through a separator to thereby form an electricity generating element. In this occasion, the upper edge portion of the punching metal is projected from the upper end side of the electricity generating element so that an upper collector plate is welded to the upper edge portion of the punching metal.

Abstract: A compound represented by chemical formula: H.sub.x Li.sub.y NiO.sub.2 (0<x.ltoreq.1; 0.ltoreq.y<1; and 0.25.ltoreq.(x+y).ltoreq.2) is used as a positive active material of a lithium battery. The average oxidation number of nickel of the compound varies within a range of from 2.0 to 3.75 with charges and discharges of the battery.

Abstract: In an organic electrolyte battery, resistor layers having higher resisting values than those of electric conducting substrates retaining active material of an electrode are formed on the substrate surfaces.

Abstract: A nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to the present invention has a power-generating element and a collector. The power-generating element is provided with a portion where a negative electrode plate and a positive electrode plate are not opposed to each other. In the power-generating element, the electrode plates are wound or laminated through a separation body so that the side edge portion of one of the electrode plates protrudes from that of the other. The collector is connected to the side edge portions. The collector has a plurality of grooves bonded to the side edges of the electrode plates. The bonding is made by at least one of a welding method such as ultrasonic welding method, laser welding method, electric welding method, arc welding method and plasma arc welding method, and a mechanical joint using a rivet, pin or eyelet, or by deforming under pressure the collector to crimp.

Abstract: A positive active material contains lithium nickel-cobaltate, and its crystal structure is amorphous. The positive active material can further contain phosphorus. The cobalt in the positive active material can be present in a content in the range of 2 to 60 mol % (Co/(Ni+Co)). A lithium battery can contain the positive active material.

Abstract: A nonaqueous polymer cell according to the present invention contains a lithium ion conductive polymer having a porosity in the range of 10% to 80%. In the cell of the present invention, the electrolyte is held not only in the pores of the microporous polymer but also within the polymer itself. Consequently, lithium ions can move not only through the pores of the microporous polymer film but through the polymer itself. The cell of the present invention, which contains a microporous polymer having interconnected pores, shows greatly improved high-rate charge/discharge characteristics especially when the microporous polymer is used in combination with an electrode comprising an active material which expands and contracts upon charge and discharge, because volume changes of the active material cause flows of the electrolyte through the pores of the microporous polymer and the flows carry lithium ions.

Abstract: Lithium compound and nickel oxyhydroxide containing a transition metal (Me) such as V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Zn and Co are suspended in water or in an organic solvent, and the solution is reacted with each other in an autoclave by a hydrothermal method to thereby synthesize transition metal-containing lithium nickelate.

Abstract: After a band-like nickel fiber felt is joined to the surface of a belt-shaped punching metal having a large number of openings and sintered, the positive electrode active material is carried on the nickel fiber felt to fabricate a positive electrode.

Abstract: A lithium ion battery includes a thin film of an electrical insulating material such as resin, a positive collector made of an electrically conductive thin film provided on one side of said electrically insulative thin film, a positive compound layer provided on said positive collector, a negative collector made of an electrically conductive thin film provided on the other side of said electrically insulative thin film, a negative compound layer provided on said negative collector, and an electrolyte film provided in contact with at least one of said positive compound layer and said negative compound layer.

Abstract: A negative active material for lithium secondary battery contains a tin oxyhydroxide or a complex oxyhydroxide of tin and other elements such as Mg, Ca, Ni, Mn, V, Ti, Pb, Al, Ge, As, Si and/or Sb.

Abstract: A positive active material for lithium battery, includes a lithium-containing amorphous nickel oxide represented by a chemical composition formula of Li.sub.x NiO.sub.2 ; wherein x is from greater than 0.25 to 2. Preferably, x is from greater than 1 to 2. More preferably, x is from greater than 1.4 to 2. The positive active material may contains cobalt from 2 to 60 mol % {(Co/(Ni+Co)}.