Abstract: A sealed lead-acid battery which includes a container accommodating an assembled element. The assembled element has at least one electrochemically formed positive plate having a grid of an antimony-free alloy, wherein the plate is made of porous active material. The assembled element also includes at least one electrochemically formed negative plate having a grid of an antimony-free lead alloy, wherein the plate is made of a porous active material. A separator, having a plurality of projections on one or both side thereof, is inserted between the positive and negative plates. A layer of powder is placed between the positive and negative plates and around the assembled element. The powder is composed of a closely packed powder, which is acid-resistant and hydrophilic, and has gas channels within its interior. The powder is immobilized with an acid-resistant porous layer placed above the powder, wherein the porous layer is permeable to gases and liquids, and impervious to particles of the powder.

Abstract: A motor driven hydraulic tool including a portable battery is preferably employable for a cable laying operation. To displace a movable die toward and away from a stationary die, a piston is driven by pressurized hydraulic oil fed from a hydraulic pump section. The hydraulic pump section is operatively connected to a driving mechanism including a motor via a cam link mechanism. A plunger of the cam link mechanism includes a ring-shaped fitting portion which has an eccentric shaft fitted therein to rotate freely. The eccentric shaft is made integral with the rotational shaft of a motor for the driving mechanism.

Abstract: This invention is to provide a nickel-cadmium alkaline storage battery in which the content of nickel hydroxide and/or nickel oxide in a negative active material is from 2 to 60 wt% based on the total amount of cadmium, and the content of cadmium hydroxide in the negative active material is 0.95 or lower in terms of a weight ratio to nickel hydroxide in a positive active material; a manganese dioxide-cadmium alkaline storage battery in which the content of cadmium hydroxide in a negative active material in the discharged state is 0.84 or lower in terms of a weight ratio to manganese dioxide in a positive active material; and a silver oxide-cadmium alkaline storage battery in which the content of cadmium hydroxide in a negative active material in the discharged state is 1.36 or lower in terms of a weight ratio to silver in a positive active material.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for easily preparing .gamma.-Cd(OH).sub.2. The present invention facilitates improvement in the charge/discharge performance and energy density of an alkaline secondary battery having a cadmium electrode including .gamma.-Cd(OH).sub.2. The present invention provides superrapid-chargeable batteries, such as a nickel-cadmium alkaline secondary battery having a cadmium electrode including .gamma.-Cd(OH).sub.2 in which the weight of cadmium hydroxide contained in the negative electrode is 0.95 times as much as the weight of nickel hydroxide contained in the positive electrode, a manganese dioxide-cadmium alkaline secondary battery in which the weight of cadmium hydroxide contained in the negative electrode is not more than 0.84 times as much as the weight of manganese dioxide contained in the positive electrode, and a silver oxide-cadmium alkaline secondary battery in which the weight of cadmium hydroxide contained in the negative electrode is not more than 1.

Abstract: A sealed alkaline secondary battery with a cadmium negative electrode employs a micro-porous separator having circular or elliptic pores, to thereby eliminate the occurrence of internal short-circuiting and to improve the oxygen gas absorption ability of the battery.

Abstract: A sealed lead-acid battery is provided containing a sulfuric acid electrolyte of a sufficient amount to perform charging and discharging of the battery which is impregnated and retained in fine particles of silica located and placed around an assembled element. In this way, an inexpensive sealed-lead acid battery which exhibits high discharging performance.

Abstract: A stirring device for the electrolytic solution in a storage battery. A solution circulating tube having open opposite ends is disposed in the electrolytic solution. The open top opens to a gas reservoir having an inverted J shape and opening downward in the upper part of the solution. A gas collecting chamber collects gas bubbles generated by the electrode plates and this gas enters an inverted U-shaped siphon strap which opens at one end to the chamber and at the other end to the tube via a small hole in the tube at a middle portion thereof. The gas in the siphon strap forces solution and gas from the upper part of the tube and gas reservoir into the upper part of the electrolytic solution via the gas reservoir opening.

Abstract: The invention discloses an oxygen concentration monitor using a Galvanic cell type oxygen sensor. An automatic calibration circuit always calibrates the maximum output of the sensor as the value corresponding to an oxygen concentration of 21%, based on the fact that the oxygen concentration in a fresh air never exceeds 21%.

Abstract: A sealed lead-acid battery is improved in manufacturability by providing a container with a major side left open, and being sealed by a laminated sheet heat-bonded to side edges of the opening after the battery components have been inserted. The laminated sheet may include a metal layer to improve rigidity.

Abstract: A reduction gear mechanism, incorporating a speed changing mechanism, for use with a motor-driven drill. The mechanism includes at least one planetary speed reducer having a sun gear to which rotation of an electric motor is transmitted, a plurality of planet gears arranged around the sun gear and engaged with the sun gear, an internal gear internally engaged with the planet gears, and a planet gear holding plate which pivotally supports the planet gears on one side of it and has an output shaft on the other side of it. The internal gear of at least one planetary speed reducer includes a cylindrical internal gear. The reduction gear includes mechanisms for locking the cylindrical internal gear to prevent rotation of the cylindrical internal gear and for engaging the cylindrical internal gear with the planet gear holding plate so that the cylindrical internal gear and the planet gear holding plate rotate as a single unit.

Abstract: A sealed lead-acid battery formed by joining two halves of a battery container. Before joining, the separate halves have grids placed in adjacent recesses, separated by partition walls integral with the wall of the container half. Pairs of adjacent grids are electrically connected through the partition wall. The recesses are alternately filled with positive and negative active materials. Then the halves are joined with a porous separator in each cell of the combined halves separating positive and negative active materials.

Abstract: A specific gravity detecting apparatus for a lead-acid battery having two electrodes adapted to be immersed in an electrolyte to provide a potential difference therebetween which is indicative of the specific gravity of the electrolyte. One of the two electrodes is a lead electrode composed of a collector 6 made of lead and a lead alloy and a porous lead body 4 covered by an acid resistant porous sleeve 3; the other is a lead dioxide electrode composed of a collector 6' made of lead and a lead alloy and a porous lead dioxide body 5 covered by an acid- and oxidation-resistant porous sleeve 3'. The two electrodes are charged normally or as required while there is no necessity of obtaining specific gravity data, and later discharged with another lead electrode as an opposite electrode so that, in the open-circuit state, the potential difference between the lead electrode and the lead dioxide electrode is accurately determined.

Abstract: A retainer type lead-acid battery having an electrolyte impregnated and retained only in a separator and positive and negative active materials, the battery having an improved high discharge rate performance at low temperatures. In accordance with the invention, the separator is made of chopped glass fibers having an average diameter of no more than 5.0 microns. The battery is fabricated such that applied pressure to an assembled element in the dry state prior to electrolyte filling is kept at a pressure of 5 to 50 Kg/dm.sup.2. The positive active material is composed of a lead powder blended with anisotropic graphite in an amount of at least 0.1% of the weight of the lead powder. Preferably, the battery is assembled with unformed positive and negative plates into an assembled element, which is subsequently filled with an electrolyte and subjected to formation in a container.

Abstract: A sealed lead-acid battery of the absorption-at-the-negative-electrode type employing an immobilized liquid electrolyte in which stratification of the electrolyte is eliminated. In accordance with the invention, a lower part of the positive and negative plates is supplied with water formed by a reaction or phase change of substances contained within the container of the battery. In a preferred embodiment, this is done by producing a temperature difference within the container. Also, water may be provided to the lower part of the positive and negative plates by increasing the speed of certain reactions at the lower part of the negative plate relative to the upper part thereof.

Abstract: When the discharging of a battery is suspended, its open-circuit voltage or a voltage corresponding to the open-circuit voltage is detected, and with the voltage thus detected, as a start point an imaginary voltage curve having a certain decreasing rate is set for instance (by discharging a capacitor which has been charged by the voltage). When the discharging of the battery is suspended, the voltage detected at that time is used to correct the start point voltage of the imaginary voltage curve. According to the voltage obtained from the imaginary voltage curve, the number of LEDs turned on is changed or one of the LEDs is selected or liquid crystal display means is operated to display the remaining capacity of the battery.

Abstract: An alkaline storage battery is described including a positive electrode comprising as an active material a cobalt hydroxide base containing from about 15 to 65 wt % nickel hydroxide and a negative electrode comprising zinc or cadmium as an active material; the alkaline storage battery can be charged rapidly, has a high energy density, and the residual capacity of the battery can be easily measured by detection of the electromotive force of the battery.

Abstract: A sealed lead-acid secondary cell of the type that absorbs oxygen by the negative electrode, is characterized in that a porous member impregnated with a liquid substance is disposed within or outside of a safety valve, or in contact with the bottom of said safety valve.

Abstract: A connecting piece structure for connecting the plates of an alkaline battery to the battery terminals and a method of welding the connecting piece structure to the plates. The connecting piece is designed to have two slanting surfaces which intersect along a ridge line, the connecting piece having a V-shaped configuration in cross section. The method uses welding electrodes, having bottoms with recessed surfaces which conform to the connecting piece configuration, to weld the connecting piece to the plates.

Abstract: In the invention, an electrochemical cell including an oxygen reducing cathode, an oxygen generating anode and an electrolyte, and having both a deoxygenating function and an oxygen generating function is coupled to a chamber in such a manner that, when the oxygen concentration in the chamber is much higher than a predetermined value, the deoxygenating function is utilized to decrease the oxygen concentration and when the oxygen concentration in the chamber is much lower than the predetermined value, the oxygen generating function is utilized to increase the oxygen concentration so that the oxygen concentration in the chamber is maintained at the predetermined value.

Abstract: A galvanic cell type oxygen sensor comprising a galvanic cell comprised of a cathode made up of metal effective for the electrolytic reduction of oxygen, an anode made up of lead material and an electrolyte made up of an aqueous mixed solution of organic acid and organic acid salt, which has a long life and a high output voltage, is not at all affected by carbon dioxide and which can prevent the generation of hydrogen from the cathode, is disclosed.