Abstract: An anode for an electrochemical cell comprises a lithium metal or lithium metal alloy, and a polymer coating deposited on the lithium metal or lithium metal alloy. The polymer coating is doped with lithium ions and comprises a polyisocyanurate material. The polyisocyanurate material contains ether- and/or silicone-containing further groups. The ether-containing group is a polyether, and/or wherein the silicone-containing group is a siloxane group.

Abstract: A battery management system for a battery comprising at least one lithium sulphur battery cell. The battery management system comprising: a charging module operable to charge a lithium sulphur battery cell of the battery by delivering a pulsed charging current to the battery cell and to vary the duty cycle of the pulsed charging current so as to reduce the duty cycle of the pulsed charging current during charging of the battery cell.

Abstract: Apparatus for monitoring relative capacity and state of charge between at least two cells, or cell modules, A and B of a plurality of Lithium Sulfur cells arranged in series, comprising: a timer; a voltage monitoring module configured to monitor a voltage drop across each of the Lithium Sulfur cells or cell modules arranged in series based on signals received from a voltage monitoring circuit; and a cell monitoring module coupled to the timer and the voltage monitoring module and configured to, during a charging cycle in which the cells are charged at a constant current: record a time stamp T1(Cell A) at which the monitored voltage of the first cell, cell A, leading the charging reaches a first voltage V1(cell A) set to be near top of charge as the rate of change of the monitored voltage measurably increases; record a time stamp T1(Cell B) at which the monitored voltage of the cell B following the charging reaches the first voltage V1(Cell A); record a time stamp T2(Cell A) at which the monitored voltage of t

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a battery comprising a housing defining an electrochemical zone, at least one electrode that comprises a conductive substrate, wherein the substrate comprises a first region in the electrochemical zone and a second region that protrudes from the electrochemical zone, and a contact tab that is coupled to the second region, wherein the ratio of the width of the second region to the width of the contact tab is greater than 1.

Abstract: A functionalized lithium anode for batteries, which is obtainable according to a specific process using diazonium salts. The embodiments also relate to the use of that lithium anode in cells, to a cell including that lithium anode, to the use of that cell in an electronic device, and to an electronic device including that cell.

Abstract: The present invention provides a complex of formula (1), wherein, M is palladium or nickel, R1 and R2 are independently organic groups having 1-20 carbon atoms, or R1 and R2 are linked to form a ring structure with the phosphorus atom, R3 is selected from the group consisting of substituted and unsubstituted aryl, substituted and unsubstituted heteroaryl, and substituted and unsubstituted metallocenyl, R4 is an organic group having 1-20 carbon atoms, n is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, and X is an anionic ligand. The invention also provides a process for the preparation of the complex, and its use in carbon-carbon or carbon-nitrogen coupling reactions.

Abstract: A process for carrying out a reaction in a reaction column, said process comprising: providing a first reactant to the reaction column in the liquid phase; contacting said first reactant with an excess of a second reactant such that reaction takes place within the reaction column to form a low boiling product and a high boiling product, at least a portion of said second reactant being provided to the reaction column in the vapour phase; recovering an overhead stream from at, or near, the top of the reaction column, said overhead stream comprising unreacted second reactant and the low boiling product; and recovering a bottoms stream from at, or near, the bottom of the reaction column comprising the high boiling product; wherein at least a portion of the heat required to vaporise the second reactant provided to the reaction column in the vapour phase is provided by heat exchange in a heat exchanger with a hot stream generated within the process other than a hot stream generated within the reaction column.

Abstract: An exhaust system for a compression ignition engine comprising an oxidation catalyst for treating carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HCs) in exhaust gas from the compression ignition engine, wherein the oxidation catalyst comprises: a platinum group metal (PGM) component selected from the group consisting of a platinum (Pt) component, a palladium (Pd) component and a combination thereof; an alkaline earth metal component; a support material comprising a modified alumina incorporating a heteroatom component; and a substrate, wherein the platinum group metal (PGM) component, the alkaline earth metal component and the support material are disposed on the substrate.

Abstract: A catalyst including gold, or a compound thereof, and sulphur, a compound of sulphur, trichloroisocyanuric acid or a metal dichloroisocyanurate on a support, together with a process for manufacturing the catalyst and its use in a chemical process are described.

Abstract: A method for preparing a sorbent composition includes the steps of: applying, from a solution or a slurry, a layer of a copper compound on the surface of a support material, and drying the coated support material, wherein the thickness of the copper compound layer on the dried support is in the range 1-200 ?m. The precursor may be converted to a sorbent suitable for removing heavy metals from liquids or gases by applying one or more sulphur compounds to sulphide the copper compound and form CuS.

Abstract: A method is described for preparing a catalyst comprising the steps of (i) preparing a calcined shaped calcium aluminate catalyst support, (ii) treating the calcined shaped calcium aluminate support with water, and then drying the support, (iii) impregnating the dried support with a solution containing one or more metal compounds and drying the impregnated support, (iv) calcining the dried impregnated support, to form metal oxide on the surface of the support and (v) optionally repeating steps (ii), (iii) and (iv) on the metal oxide coated support. The method provides an eggshell catalyst in which the metal oxide is concentrated in an outer layer on the support.

Abstract: A method is described for preparing a catalyst including the steps of: (i) impregnating a calcined support comprising a metal aluminate with a solution of nickel acetate at a temperature ?40° C. and drying the impregnated support, (ii) calcining the dried impregnated support, to form nickel oxide on the surface of the support and (iii) optionally repeating steps (i) and (ii) on the nickel oxide coated support. The method provides an eggshell catalyst in which the metal oxide is concentrated in an outer layer on the support.

Abstract: A method for preparing a silica-modified catalyst support is described including: (i) applying an alkyl silicate to the surface of a porous support material in an amount to produce a silica content of the silica-modified catalyst support, expressed as Si, in the range 0.25 to 15% by weight, (ii) optionally drying the resulting silicate-modified support, (iii) treating the support with water, (iv) drying the resulting water-treated support, and (v) calcining the dried material to form the silica-modified catalyst support.

Abstract: A process is described for treating a natural gas stream containing methane and one or more higher hydrocarbons including the steps of mixing at least a portion of the natural gas stream with steam; passing the mixture adiabatically over a supported precious metal reforming catalyst to generate a reformed gas mixture comprising methane, steam, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and hydrogen; cooling the reformed gas mixture to below the dew point to condense water and removing the condensate to provide a de-watered reformed gas mixture, and passing the de-watered reformed gas mixture through an acid gas recovery unit to remove carbon dioxide and at least a portion of the hydrogen and carbon monoxide, thereby generating a methane stream. The methane stream may be used to adjust the composition of a natural gas stream, including a vaporized LNG stream, to meet pipeline specifications.

Abstract: A method for preparing a catalyst comprising (i) preparing a calcined shaped calcium aluminate catalyst support, (ii) treating the calcined shaped calcium aluminate support with water, and then drying the support, (iii) impregnating the dried support with a solution containing one or more metal compounds and drying the impregnated support, (iv) calcining the dried impregnated support, to form metal oxide on the surface of the support and (v) optionally repeating steps (ii), (iii) and (iv) on the metal oxide coated support. The method provides an eggshell catalyst in which the metal oxide is concentrated in an outer layer on the support.

Abstract: A process for the steam reforming of hydrocarbons comprises partially oxidizing a feedgas comprising a hydrocarbon feedstock with an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of steam to form a partially oxidized hydrocarbon gas mixture at a temperature >1200° C. and passing the resultant partially oxidized hydrocarbon gas mixture through a bed of steam reforming catalyst, wherein the bed comprises a first layer and a second layer, each layer comprising a catalytically active metal on an oxidic support wherein the oxidic support for the first layer is a zirconia.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining the location of a substantially horizontal fluid interface within a vessel are provided. The apparatus has a generally linear source array comprising a plurality of sources of penetrating radiation and a generally linear detector array comprising a plurality of radiation detectors capable of detecting radiation emitted by the sources. The source and detector arrays are located so that radiation emitted from each source can follow a linear path from the source, through the vessel and material to the detectors. Comparing the amount of radiation received by at least two of the detectors from a source provides an indication of the relative density of the material through which radiation has passed. The linear axes of the source and detector array are oriented with respect to the horizontal interface such that the linear axes intersect the plane of the interface at an angle between 10 and 80 degrees.

Abstract: A method for producing a catalyst using an additive layer method includes: (i) forming a layer of a powdered catalyst or catalyst support material, (ii) binding or fusing the powder in said layer according to a predetermined pattern, (iii) repeating (i) and (ii) layer upon layer to form a shaped unit, and (iv) optionally applying a catalytic material to said shaped unit.

Abstract: A system and method of monitoring regeneration of a particulate matter filter for a stationary diesel engine is disclosed. The system monitors exhaust temperature and operating time of an engine to calculate accumulated operating time below a critical temperature. Upon reaching a maximum allowed accumulated operation time, the system initiates a warning signal to inform the operator to increase exhaust temperatures for passive regeneration of the filter. During regeneration, the system periodically measures filter pressure differential and the exhaust temperature to calculate a difference in pressure differentials measured at two different times and determine whether the difference is below a critical value to inform the operator that regeneration is complete.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing lithium aluminum titanium phosphates of the general formula Li1+xTi2?xAlx(PO4)3, wherein x is ?0.4, a method for their production as well as their use as solid-state electrolytes in lithium ion accumulators.