Abstract: An enzyme sensor may be configured to measure a measurement target substance included in a secretion of a living body. The enzyme sensor may include a layered structure including, in this order, (a) an absorber layer configured to absorb the secretion, (b) an enzyme layer containing an enzyme, (c) a mediator layer, and (d) an electrode part. The absorber layer may include a polymeric material having a chemically bound crosslinked structure.

Abstract: An enzyme sensor is configured to measure a measurement target substance included in a secretion of a living body. The enzyme sensor includes a layered structure including (a) an absorber layer configured to absorb the secretion, (b) an enzyme layer containing an enzyme, and (c) an electrode part arranged in an order of the (a), the (b), and the (c). The absorber layer includes a polymeric material having a chemically bound crosslinked structure.

Abstract: A method is provided for evaluating excretion of a substance of interest by a human hepatocyte-like cell, the method including: preparing a sac-like-material-containing solution that contains a sac-like material which is produced in vitro and has a membrane of a human hepatocyte-like cell and 0% to 10% by volume of a suspended extracellular matrix; placing the substance of interest in the sac-like-material-containing solution to bring the substance of interest into contact with the sac-like material; and extracting the sac-like material from the sac-like-material-containing solution and measuring a concentration of the substance of interest or a metabolite thereof excreted into an inner cavity of the sac-like material.

Abstract: A composition for semiconductor processing according to the disclosure contains (A) a compound represented by the following general formula (1), (B) a compound represented by the following general formula (2), (C) a compound having at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of an amino group and a salt thereof (excluding a compound having a carboxyl group and a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound) and (D) a liquid medium, and, when the content of the (A) component is indicated by MA [mass %] and the content of the (B) component is indicated by MB [mass %], MA/MB is 1.0×102 to 1.0×106. RO(CH2)2O(CH2)2OH??(1) ROH??(2) (In the formula (1) and the formula (2), R's represent the same hydrocarbon group.

Abstract: A discerning device that discerns a cell mass includes: a storage unit that stores a trained model that has been subjected to machine learning on the basis of training data in which an index associated with a first cell mass out of a predetermined index including at least one index indicating a feature of a cell mass is correlated with information indicating whether a state of the first cell mass is a first state or a second state that is different from the first state; an image-analyzing unit that acquires an index associated with a second cell mass out of the predetermined index; and a discerning-processing unit that discerns whether a state of the second cell mass is the first state or the second state on the basis of the index associated with the second cell mass and the trained model.

Abstract: A method is provided for producing oligodendrocyte-like cells, including (A) increasing abundances of oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2 (OLIG2) mutant and SRY-box transcription factor 10 (SOX10) in human pluripotent stein cells and (B) culturing the human pluripotent stem cells in which the abundances of the OLIG2 mutant and the SOX10 are increased and consequently differentiating the human pluripotent stem cells into oligodendrocyte-like cells, in which the OLIG2 mutant lacks a serine residue of wild-type OLIG2 at position 147, or the serine residue of the wild-type OLIG2 at position 147 is substituted with an amino acid other than serine.

Abstract: A method is provided for producing astrocyte-like cells, including (A) upregulating transcription factors including SRY-box transcription factor 9 (SOX9), nuclear factor IA (NFIA), and nuclear factor IB (NFIB) in human pluripotent stein cells and (B) culturing the human pluripotent stem cells, in which the transcription factors are upregulated, and consequently differentiating the human pluripotent stern cells into astrocyte-like cells.

Abstract: A method for predicting efficacy of treatment of a lung cancer patient using an immune checkpoint inhibitor includes isolating exosomes from a biological sample derived from the lung cancer patient, and determining an expression level of a protein present in the exosomes by a mass spectrometry method, in which the protein is one or more proteins selected from the group of proteins shown in Table 1-1 to Table 1-6.

Abstract: The present invention provides (1) a composition for improving pulmonary hypertension, comprising at least one substance capable of normalizing gut microbiota in a patient with pulmonary hypertension as an active ingredient; (2) a method for predicting the prognosis of a patient with pulmonary hypertension, or a method for assisting the determination of the severity of a patient with pulmonary hypertension, the method comprising detecting one or more types of bacteria selected from bacteria belonging to the family Micrococcaceae, Streptococcaceae, Pasteurellaceae, Veillonellaceae or Lactobacillaceae in gut microbiota in the patient with pulmonary hypertension; and (3) a method for assisting the diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension, the method comprising comparing the IgA level in feces of a subject to that of a healthy subject.

Abstract: The kidney regeneration accelerator that contains a component obtained by decellularizing a mammalian organ. The production method for a kidney regeneration accelerator that involves decellularizing a mammalian organ to obtain a component that includes an extracellular matrix, freeze drying and then pulverizing the component to obtain a powder, and performing a sterilization treatment on the powder. A pharmaceutical composition for use in treating kidney disease that contains a component obtained by decellularizing a mammalian organ. A treatment method for kidney disease that involves applying a pharmaceutical composition that contains a component obtained by decellularizing a mammalian organ to a site to be treated of the kidney of a human or animal kidney disease patient.

Abstract: A method for purifying and enriching mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) simply and efficiently. Separation of cells expressing CD73 protein on the surface from fresh tissue isolated from a living body allows purification and enrichment of MSCs easily and efficiently. MSCs may be selectively isolated with a single antibody before culturing to establish a culture system of mesenchymal stem cells that enhances the engraftment efficiency in the transplanted site.

Abstract: A silicon-containing composition includes: a first polysiloxane; a second polysiloxane different from the first polysiloxane; and a solvent. The first polysiloxane includes a group which includes at least one selected from the group consisting of an ester bond, a carbonate structure, and a cyano group. The second polysiloxane includes a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A resist underlayer film-forming composition includes: a polysiloxane compound including a first structural unit represented by formula (1); and a solvent. X represents a group represented by formula (2); a is an integer of 1 to 3; R1 represents a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, or a monovalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; and b is an integer of 0 to 2; and a sum of a and b is no greater than 3. R2 represents a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; n is 1 or 2; R3 represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; L represents a single bond or a divalent linking group; and * denotes a site bonding to the silicon atom in the formula (1). The composition is suitable for lithography with an electron beam or extreme ultraviolet ray.

Abstract: A production method for an organoid, the production method including a step of culturing adult stem cells or a cell tissue piece including adult stem cells in a medium containing a chimeric Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) that includes a partial region of FGF1 and a partial region of FGF2; an organoid produced by the production method; a medium including a chimeric FGF and having a content of chimeric FGF of 50 ng/mL or less; and an evaluation method for a test substance are provided, and according to the chimeric FGF, a content of growth factors included in a medium can be reduced.

Abstract: According to a production method for a brain organoid, comprising a step 1 of carrying out suspension culture of human pluripotent stem cells having a mutation in at least one or more base sequences in an exon selected from the group consisting of an exon 9, an exon 10, an exon 11, an exon 12, and an exon 13 of a microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) gene, and having a mutation in at least one or more base sequences in an intron 10 of the MAPT gene, it is possible to produce a brain organoid having a phosphorylated 3-repeat tau protein and a phosphorylated 4-repeat tau protein.

Abstract: A method for separation and detection of exosomes may include: bringing a biological sample into contact with a capture molecule, the capture molecule including a specific binding substance for an antigen expressed on a cancer cell surface, to form a complex of an exosome and the capture molecule; and a bringing the complex into contact with a detector molecule, the detector molecule including a specific binding substance for an antigen expressed on a cancer cell surface and a labeling substance, to detect the complex by using the detector molecule, in which the antigen expressed on a cancer cell surface for at least one of the capture molecule and the detector molecule is cell-surface vimentin.

Abstract: A novel polymer having high glass transition temperature and an excellent balance between heat resistance, high refractive index and mechanical properties, and a composition and molded article containing the polymer are provided. The polymer according to the invention has a first structural unit represented by at least one of formulae (1-1), (1-2) and (1-3) below and a second structural unit having either a secondary amino structure or a tertiary amino structure at two or more terminals.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing 1,3-butadiene that is capable of suppressing generation of reaction by-products. The method includes: a step (A) of to obtain a produced gas containing 1,3-butadiene; a step (B) of cooling the produced gas; and a step (C) of separating the produced gas cooled in the step (B) into molecular oxygen and inert gases, and other gases containing 1,3-butadiene, by selective absorption into an absorption solvent. In the method, in the step (A), the raw material gas and a molecular oxygen-containing gas are supplied to a fixed-bed reactor with a composite oxide catalyst containing molybdenum and bismuth; the molar ratio of molecular oxygen to n-butene in the gases is 1.0 to 2.0; and the molar ratio of water vapor to n-butene in the gases supplied to the fixed-bed reactor is not more than 1.2.

Abstract: A predoping method for a negative electrode active material to dope the negative electrode active material with lithium ions. The predoping method for a negative electrode active material includes: a predoping process and a post-doping modification process. In the predoping process, the negative electrode active material is doped with lithium ions, to thereby reduce a potential of the negative electrode active material relative to lithium metal. In the post-doping modification process, after the predoping process, reaction is caused between a reactive compound that is reactive with lithium ions and lithium ions doped into the negative electrode active material, to thereby increase the potential of the negative electrode active material relative to lithium metal. The potential of the negative electrode active material relative to lithium metal is 0.8 V or more at completion of the post-doping modification process.

Abstract: A production method for a proliferative liver organoid includes culturing liver stem cells or a tissue fragment including liver stem cells in a growth medium to obtain a proliferative liver organoid, in which the growth medium contains an interleukin-6 family cytokine. A production method for a metabolically activated liver organoid includes culturing the proliferative liver organoid produced by the production method for a proliferative liver organoid in a differentiation medium to obtain a metabolically activated liver organoid, in which the differentiation medium does not substantially contain an interleukin-6 family cytokine.