Abstract: A method and an apparatus for the detection of corrosion, pitting or the like in pipelines is proposed and measured results produced in an appropriate manner are digitally converted, linked with measured values concerning the place and azimuth of the individual sensors to form individual blocks, which are intermediately stored to form larger units and are finally stored in a mass store.

Abstract: A method for the repeatable generation and guidance of intensive, large-area ion, electron and x-ray beams, with the beam guidance being effected already in the beam generator by means of operationally variable, magnetic and electric fields and variable magnetic correction fields, wherein the beam guidance fields are generated by the beam current itself and the magnetic correction fields by the current source associated with the beam generator.

Abstract: A magnetic deflection system for charged particles, the which includes a coil arrangement for generating a magnetic guide field perpendicular to the plane of the desired orbit so as to guide the particles in the plane S.sub.E of the desired orbit on a deflection path on a deflection radius r.sub.0. The system has two coils which are arranged on top of one another on either side of an area A.sub.0 defined by the direction of the magnetic guide field and the deflection radius r.sub.0 so that the winding faces of the coils extend parallel to area A.sub.0, with two of the coils being disposed above the plane S.sub.E of the desired orbit and two below the plane S.sub.E of the desired orbit.In a preferred embodiment, the coils are composed of at least one double pancake.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for decontaminating radioactively contaminated surfaces of metallic materials with the use of nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid. The surfaces to be decontaminated are subjected to a vapor mixture of water vapor, hydrogen fluoride and nitric acid vapor.

Abstract: A pervaporation process for separating at least one component from a mixture of liquids, for example for separating ethanol from a fermentation mass, by a series of three separation steps: separating the mixture by a first pervaporation to form a first permeate vapor enriched in the component to be separated; fractionating the first permeate vapor, for example by temperature condensation, to form a high concentration fraction twice enriched in the component to be separated; and either distilling the high concentration fraction or a second pervaporation to form a distillate or retentate liquid thrice enriched in the component to be separated.

Abstract: An apparatus for the analysis of gaseous media, the apparatus composed of a microwave transmitter; a microwave receiver; a measuring cell disposed between the transmitter and the receiver, composed of at least one Stark chamber, and having a gas inlet and a gas outlet; at least one Stark electrode disposed in, and electrically insulated from, the chamber; and a plurality of mutually spaced holders holding the electrode in a predetermined position in the chamber.

Abstract: A process for removing cations of a first alkaline earth metal species from an aqueous solution with an ion exchanger material that is a cation exchanger or contains one and subsequently regenerating the loaded or exhausted ion exchanger material. A cation exchanger that has been loaded in advance with cations of a second alkaline earth metal species is used to remove the cations of the first alkaline earth metal species. The cation exchanger that is loaded or exhausted with the first species to be removed is regenerated by bringing the loaded or exhausted cation exchanger into contact with an aqueous suspension of a slightly soluble carbonate and/or hydroxide of the second alkaline earth metal species, either alone or in a mixture with an anion exchanger, and introducing a CO.sub.2 -containing gas into the suspension.

Abstract: A method for analyzing a gaseous medium with respect to a component having a characteristic absorption frequency spectral line, including the steps of generating microwave radiation at a selected frequency, generating a first Stark voltage selected to have a value such that a reference signal produced by subjecting the component to the microwave radiation and the first Stark voltage has a zero passage, resulting from the change in polarity between the spectral line and the Stark voltage lines, at a frequency coinciding with the characteristic absorption frequency spectral line, and regulating the microwave radiation frequency as a function of frequency shifts of the zero passage of the reference signal.

Abstract: A process for removing heavy metal cations and/or alkali metal cations from aqueous solutions with an ion exchanger material that comprises a cation exchanger loaded with alkaline earth metal ions, and subsequently regenerating the loaded or exhausted ion exchanger material. The loaded or spent cation exchanger either alone or in a mixture with an anion exchanger is regenerated by bringing it into contact with an aqueous suspension of a slightly soluble carbonate and/or hydroxide of an alkaline earth metal ion and/or a completely or partially calcined, natural carbonate and introducing a CO.sub.2 -containing gas into the suspension.

Abstract: A radiation dose measuring system using fluorescent dosemeters comprises fluorescent dosemeters including fluorescent glass elements having a fluorescent detection surface, a magazine capable of holding a predetermined number of fluorescent dosemeters, a magazine conveying device for conveying a magazine of a plurality of magazines fed one by one such that is predetermined segment is located to a take-out position, a fluorescent dosemeter take-out device for taking the fluorescent dosemeter from the magazine located in a predetermined position, a fluorescent glass element setting device for moving the fluorescent glass element to a predetermined measuring position and a dose measuring device for subjecting the fluorescent glass element which is set to a measuring position to an ultraviolet ray and for measuring an intensity of fluorescent light which is emitted from an excited glass element.

Abstract: The exhaust gas of a fusion reactor contains, besides non-burnt fuel (tritium and deuterium) and helium, the "ash" from the nuclear fusion reaction a number of impurities with the radioactive tritium and/or deuterium chemically bound to them. In order to clean the exhaust gas, both the elemental and the chemically bound tritium and/or deuterium fractions are separated from the exhaust gas. Separation is achieved exclusively by physical and catalytical process steps, namely a palladium/silver permeator, a CuO/Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3 /ZnO catalyst bed and a further palladium/silver permeator containing a nickel/aluminum oxide bulk catalyst.

Abstract: Improved flue gas purification process features a heavy metal separating process, such as an anion exchange process, in which a scrubbing condensate is treated to remove at least the Hg contained therein prior to extracting the flue ash, which was previously separated and collected, with the scrubbing condensate to extract soluble heavy metals therefrom. A further heavy metal separating process, such as a cation exchange process, in which the scrubbing condensate after the extraction step is treated to remove at least one of Cd and Zn contained therein is also featured and may be performed after the extraction step or after solid/liquid separation of the flue ash and condensate from the extraction step.

Abstract: A process for producing a filter including a microporous membrane and a supporting structure connected thereto, including producing a mold for the membrane and the supporting structure, filling the mold with a molding material whose solubility can be changed by high energy radiation, and forming the micropores by partial irradiation of the membrane with high energy radiation and removal of the regions having increased solubility. The filter produced according to the above method is a unitary structure with the supporting structure integrally connected to the membrane.

Abstract: A process for the extraction of uranium and plutonium from spent nuclear fuels or breeder reactor materials. The spent nuclear fuels or breeder reactor materials are dissolved in nitric acid to provide an aqueous acid solution containing uranium, plutonium, neptunium, other transuranium elements, fission products, corrosion products, activation products and other contamination products. This aqueous acid solution is fed, as an aqueous phase, at a controllable flow rate into a liquid-liquid extraction apparatus also having an organic solvant phase flowing at a controllable rate. The organic phase contains an extraction agent. The temperature of solutions in the extraction apparatus and/or the concentration of the aqueous acid solution before the said aqueous acid solution is fed into the extraction apparatus, is adjusted to satisfy the following inequality: ##EQU1## where T.sub.E =the temperature of the solutions in the extractor (.degree.C.);U.sub.f =the uranium concentration of the feed solution (g/l);Pu.

Abstract: A pressurized gas discharge system for the safety containment of a nuclear reactor includes a conduit structure connected to the containment and consisting of a plurality of modular conduit units which are flanged together end-to-end, each having flanged side openings with filter frame members including stainless steel fiber filter packs flanged thereto in end-to-end relationship. The filter packs extend fully across the frame members and have their circumferential edges clamped between the flanges of adjacent frame members so that in the clamped areas the filter packs are reduced in thickness to a fraction of their original thickness, the flanges having U-shaped members disposed on their faces such that the legs of the U-shaped member project toward the adjacent flange and provide two seal strips with the edges of the filter packs compressed therebetween.

Abstract: The quality of superconducting cavity resonators depends to a very great extent on the surface quality of the cavities. The invention relates to a process for the manufacture of superconducting cavity resonators with improved surface quality, whereby even complex shaped cavity resonators can be made with cavities coated with NbN.

Abstract: A laser-active aqueous dispersion of a laser dye comprising microparticles containing a laser dye, with the microparticles being suspended in an aqueous liquid. The aqueous liquid has an index of refraction which is substantially equal to that of the microparticles.

Abstract: An apparatus for taking samples by thermal desorption of compounds that are adsorbed on solid adsorbents contained in a sample tube. An injector has a recess for accommodating the sample tube and a connection for a capillary column of a gas chromatograph. The compounds are desorbed into such capillary column by means of a stream of carrier gas passing through the sample tube. An injector extension is fastened to the injector and has a recess for accommodating the sample tube. The recess of the injector extension is flush with the recess of the injector. A push rod is guidable in the injector extension for pushing the sample tube from a position in the injector extension into a position within the injector. A carrier gas inlet communicates with the recess in the injector extension for admitting a carrier gas therein. A plug is disposed at an end of the push rod for gripping the sample tube. The plug includes a bore for effecting communication between the carrier gas inlet and the interior of the sample tube.

Abstract: A method and appparatus for continuously measuring the concentration of at least one component of a gas sample by means of a laser for the purpose of charging the gas sample with radiation at a frequency in the range of an absorption line of the component, and employing a detector device for receiving a measurement signal corresponding to the intensity of the transmitted radiation and an evaluation circuit. A single mode laser is employed which is linearly tuned about a gas specific absorption line by means of bandwidth modulation so that at least two different intensity measurement values are obtained for the transmitted radiation from which the extinction, and thus the concentration of the gas component, is determined.

Abstract: A superconducting fiber of a superconducting fiber bundle includes a carrier fiber having an outer surface, and superconducting layers and separating layers alternatingly surrounding the outer surface of the carrier fiber and a method for producing the same.