Abstract: A pressure sensor includes a supporting member, a membrane and a jacket that define a sensor space in which a measuring element is arranged. A liquid fills the sensor space and surrounds the measuring element.

Abstract: A simulation device for the screw joint simulation of a nutrunner includes a test connecting element rigidly connected to a brake unit. The nutrunner can be coupled to the test connecting element and activated to exert a torque that rotates the test connecting element about an axis of rotation. Activation of the brake unit brakes the test connecting element. A torque transducer includes a rotational angle transducer for measuring a rotational angle by which the test connecting element rotates about the rotation axis. The simulation device includes a zero mark, and the brake unit can be adjusted to a zero angle with respect to the zero mark.

Abstract: A transducer assembly for mounting in a roadway includes a hollow profile defining sides extending along a longitudinal axis, an insulating element arranged on the exterior of the sides of the hollow profile. The profile defines an interior facing away from the exterior of the sides and defining a cavity. A force sensor assembly is disposed within the cavity of the hollow profile. The insulating element is secured to the hollow profile by a positive fit connection and is configured to insulate the transducer assembly from a rolling force acting on the sides of the hollow profile. When the transducer assembly is installed in a roadway, the force sensor assembly is configured to detect a weight force exerted onto the hollow profile.

Abstract: A method to ascertain a quality of a product formed by a subtractive manufacturing device from a workpiece includes: determining a deflection/test force relation for a deflection of the device; measuring an actually exerted machining force applied by the device to the workpiece; automatically determining a machining force reference for the actually exerted machining force; automatically evaluating whether the actually exerted machining force deviates from the machining force reference. If an actually exerted machining force deviates from the machining force reference, then the method uses the deflection/test force relation to automatically determine for the actually exerted machining force, at least one correction deflection of the device and automatically creating at least one corrected drive control signal to fully or partially reduce the correction deflection.

Abstract: An acceleration transducer defines a rectangular coordinate system with two orthogonal horizontal axes that are both normal to a vertical axis and includes a main body disposed within a housing and defining tangential side faces arranged tangentially to the vertical axis, and a normal side face arranged normally to the vertical axis. A piezoelectric element is secured to one of the tangential side faces, and a seismic mass is secured to the piezoelectric element. A signal output is attached to the housing and includes a signal conductor spaced apart by an assembly gap from a tangential side face that is not attached to the piezoelectric element. The assembly gap extends perpendicularly to the vertical axis. The normal side face includes at least one main body output conductor spanning the assembly gap in a direction perpendicular to the vertical axis and directly contacting the signal conductor.

Abstract: A tool received in a tool holding fixture of a tool holder includes a tool shank defining a recess and a force sensor arranged in the recess. During operation of the tool, the force sensor measures a tool force exerted by the tool shank onto the tool holder. A method for measuring a tool force by using the tool includes the steps of: arranging the force sensor between the tool shank and the tool holding fixture; clamping the force sensor by means of a clamping device of the tool holding fixture; operating the tool; and using the force sensor to measure the tool force exerted by the tool shank onto the tool holder.

Abstract: A method for generating a calibration function of a WIM sensor that is arranged in a roadway and measures a wheel force exerted on the surface of the roadway includes recording the roadway's road profile. A wheel force is determined by a simulation. The simulation is used to determine the dependency of the wheel force on the road profile for at least one position of the road profile that has been recorded in the first step. The dependency is used to minimize the influence of the road profile on the measured wheel force of the WIM sensor.

Abstract: An acceleration transducer defines a rectangular coordinate system with two orthogonal horizontal axes that are both normal to a vertical axis and includes a main body defining tangential side faces arranged tangentially to the vertical axis, and normal side faces arranged normally to the vertical axis. The transducer includes at least a first piezoelectric element secured to one the three tangential side faces, and exactly one seismic mass is secured to the at least one piezoelectric element, which has a high sensitivity for a shear force exerted by the attached seismic mass along a principal tangential axis and a low sensitivity for a shear force exerted by the attached seismic mass along another one of the three axes.

Abstract: A method to calibrate a Weigh in Motion (WIM) sensor that is arranged in a road flush with a road surface for determining a force exerted on the road surface by a vehicle's wheel transgressing the WIM sensor uses an evaluation unit that calculates the wheel force upon receiving the vehicle's velocity and a distance signal from a first device fixed on the vehicle and coordinates the wheel force with a synchronized signal from the WIM sensor to generate a calibrate function for the WIM sensor. The evaluation unit continuously adjusts the wheel force to take into account one or more of wheel pressure, wheel temperature, wheel tilt and vehicle acceleration. A system employing the method includes the vehicle, the evaluation unit, the first device, a synchronization device such as a GPS unit, and sensors for one or more of pressure, temperature, tilt and acceleration.

Abstract: A device for detecting a rail load fits into a bore of a rail and includes a sensor that generates a load signal under an action of the rail load caused when rail vehicles with wheels travel on the rail and the wheels exert a load onto the rail. The load signal is a measure for the rail load. The sensor includes at least one piezoelectric sensor element that generates electric polarization charges as the load signal.

Abstract: A method is provided for controlling an injection molding system, which includes a mold having an inner surface defining at least two groups of cavities, each group of cavities defining precisely one cavity with one pressure sensor at the inner surface. Each group of cavities is at least partially surrounded by a tempering unit that provides an energy flow to the surrounded cavities. According to the method, a pressure is determined in each group of cavities of the at least two groups of cavities. A reference pressure is determined for each group of cavities. A difference between the reference pressure and the pressure in at least one group of cavities is determined and controlled to become minimum by manipulating the energy flow of the tempering unit.

Abstract: A simulation device for the screw joint simulation of a nutrunner includes a test connecting element rigidly connected to a brake unit. The nutrunner can be coupled to the test connecting element and activated to exert a torque that rotates the test connecting element about an axis of rotation. Activation of the brake unit brakes the test connecting element. A torque transducer includes a rotational angle transducer for measuring a rotational angle by which the test connecting element rotates about the rotation axis. The simulation device includes a zero mark, and the brake unit can be adjusted to a zero angle with respect to the zero mark.

Abstract: A joint joins an alloy member to a ceramic member via a glass joining agent, which is joined to the alloy member by a material bonded joint and to the ceramic member by a further material bonded joint. The glass joining agent is made of a glass having a melting point below 800° C.; a coefficient of thermal expansion of at least 9-10?6 K?1 and a bismuth content of at least 10%. The alloy member has a coefficient of thermal expansion of at least 9-10?6 K?1. The ceramic member has a maximum coefficient of thermal expansion of 8-10?6 K?1. The material bonded joint defines a mixing region that is a partial region of the ceramic member, and the bismuth content in the mixing region is higher than that of the ceramic member outside the mixing region.

Abstract: An acceleration transducer defines a rectangular coordinate system with two orthogonal horizontal axes that are both normal to a vertical axis and includes a main body disposed within a housing and defining tangential side faces arranged tangentially to the vertical axis, and a normal side face arranged normally to the vertical axis. A piezoelectric element is secured to one of the tangential side faces, and a seismic mass secured to the piezoelectric element. A signal output is attached to the housing and includes a signal conductor spaced apart by an assembly gap from a tangential side face that is not attached to the piezoelectric element. The assembly gap extends perpendicularly to the vertical axis. The normal side face includes main body output conductors spanning the assembly gap in a direction perpendicular to the vertical axis and directly contacting the signal conductor.

Abstract: An acceleration transducer defines a rectangular coordinate system with two orthogonal horizontal axes that are both normal to a vertical axis and includes a main body defining tangential side faces arranged tangentially to the vertical axis, and normal side faces arranged normally to the vertical axis. The transducer includes a converter unit, exactly three piezoelectric elements and three seismic masses. Each piezoelectric element generates piezoelectric charges transmitted to the converter unit, which is only and directly arranged on a normal side face of the main body or only on a support that is attached to a normal side face of the main body. Exactly one piezoelectric element is secured to each of the three tangential side faces, and exactly one seismic mass is secured to each of the three piezoelectric elements.

Abstract: A protective device for a membrane of a sensor that detects a physical parameter acting upon the membrane includes a hollow main body that elongates in a direction along a longitudinal axis. The main body is open at one opposite end of the main body along the longitudinal axis, and at the end of the main body opposite the open end the protective device includes a bottom in which is defined a passage through which the medium is able reach the membrane when the protective device is attached to the sensor. The passage is defined in part by a wall that is configured so that the electromagnetic radiation propagating in the passage cannot reach the membrane without being reflected at least once on the wall.

Abstract: A method of using a measuring system for detecting a measured physical variable pertains to measuring systems that include a plurality of transmission members forming a measuring chain for detecting the measured physical variable and in which transmission members that are immediately successive in the measuring chain are in a cause-and-effect relationship to each other. The method includes the steps of: a) specifying the measured physical variable to be detected; b) using a computer to compile several measuring chains that include transmission members necessary for the detection of the specified measured physical variable; c) determination of performance criteria of the compiled measuring chains; d) using the determined performance criteria to assess each of the compiled measuring chains; and e) identification of a measuring chain that best satisfies one of the performance criteria determined.