Abstract: A plastifying worm for an extruder or injection-molding system utilizes a worm cylinder and a worm or worm core as outer and inner electrodes to which high-frequency energy is applied for direct high-frequency dielectric heating of a thermoplastic synthetic resin. Between the electrodes is disposed an insulator.

Abstract: An end damper is used with a motor vehicle frame, a wheel vertically displaceable adjacent the frame, and a vertically compressible shock absorber having an upper part secured to the frame and a lower part secured to the wheel. The absorber is vertically compressible with upward travel of the lower part. The end damper is carried on the frame above the lower part and comprises a housing defining a chamber, a body of liquid in the chamber, an upper sleeve in the chamber and connected to the frame, and a lower sleeve vertically telescopable with the upper sleeve between an upper position and a lower position, subdividing the chamber with the upper sleeve into a pair of compartments communicating through the gap, and defining with the upper sleeve an annular passage communicating between the compartments and of substantially greater length in the upper position than in the lower position. A spring braced between the sleeves urges the lower sleeve into the lower position.

Abstract: An extruder has a housing, a core centered on an axis, and a sleeve spacedly coaxially surrounding the core and defining therewith an outlet passage. Thus molten material emerges from the passage as a tube. A plurality of radially extending and angularly spaced adjustment screws are threaded into the housing and radially engage the sleeve so that these screws can be screwed in and out to radially displace the sleeve on the housing and thereby adjust the passage. A detecting unit axially downstream of the extruder includes at least one sensor for measuring the thickness of the tube at a plurality of angularly spaced locations and for producing an output corresponding to the respective measured thickness. An adjustment unit including at least one rotary tool engageable with the screws can selectively rotate same and screw same in the housing.

Abstract: A bushing for the axial retention and radial centering of a matrix in an injection mold for producing information carriers such as CD's is formed on the underside of its retention shoulder with channels for carrying away the air which tends to be compressed along the outer edge of the shoulder, thereby eliminating streaks or so called schlieren in the information-carrier disk which is produced.

Abstract: A method of operating a drum centrifuge having a foraminous drum rotatable about an axis it is centered on comprises first filling a charge of a suspension into the drum while rotating it about its axis so that the charge forms an annular stratified body having an inner surface and the liquid phase of the body passes radially outward and leaves behind the solid phase as a filter cake and then refilling at least one additional charge of a suspension into the drum onto the filter cake while rotating the drum as in the preceding filling step to add the solid phase of the additional charge to the cake already in the drum. Then at least periodically the radial position of the inner surface of the body in the drum is detected and the dry point when the liquid phase has substantially passed radially out of the drum is ascertained to generate outputs corresponding to the detected radial positions and the times same are detected.

Abstract: A sensor is provided for the level of liquid or the surface characteristics of the solids and liquid layers in a centrifuge drum and controls a scoop by terminating the removal of the liquid when a surface-characteristic change representing the solids layer is reached or when the rate of change in the level within the drum approaches zero.

Abstract: The process for obtaining juice, especially apple juice, from a mash obtained by crushing cells is free of enzymatic or biochemical processing steps for removal of pectins and performs the juice extraction continuously. The fluid phase obtained from the mash in a continuous centrifugation process and the foam combined with pectin components floating on it are separated from each other, advantageously by a vibrating screen. This process and eventual subsequent downstream separation steps, including for example removal of residual cellulose fibrous fractions from the fluid phase by centrifugal decantation, must be completed before the reaction of pectin with oxygen begins. An apparatus for performing this process is also described.

Abstract: A nonreturn valve connected to a passage venting a gas-containing part of the filtrate collection chamber is located in a centrifuge drum base is operated as a siphon to increase the pressure differential, thus filtration rate, across the centrifuge filter or alternatively a system of rotatable siphon cups connected to the chamber are provided so that gas collecting in the collection chamber during filtration may be evacuated of the centrifuge. This device can also be used in the discontinuously operating filter centrifuge with a rotating siphon whose housing interior is at the pressure of the surroundings or is acted on with a gas pressure for additional acceleration of the filtration.

Abstract: A tie-rod assembly used in a press having an inside fixed mold end plate, an outside fixed end plate spaced from the inside plate, a movable mold plate between the end plates, and an actuator for displacing the movable mold plate toward the inside mold end plate for pressing tools carried by the mold plates together in a closing direction and for moving the tools apart in an opposite opening direction includes a tie rod extending along an axis in the direction through the movable plate and having a threaded inside end and an outside end and a stationary threaded element carried on the inside end plate and axially aligned with the tie rod displaced by the actuator independently of the movable plate between a use position and a changeover position with the threaded end withdrawn in the opening direction and spaced from the inside end plate, a nut actuated by a rotary drive for screwing the nut in the changeover position from the tie-rod on the threaded element and inside and outside bracing devices engageable b

Abstract: An apparatus for reflow smoothing a molded article made by first heating a face of a mold at a first station, then applying a fusible synthetic resin to the heated face and thereby melting the resin into a continuous coating covering the heated mold face at a second station spaced angularly from the first station, and cooling the coating and mold at the second station until the coating hardens. To reflow smooth the article, the surface of the cooled coating is then smoothed by confining the mold and hardened coating in a substantially closed chamber at the second station and reheating the confined coating until its surface flows. Thereafter the coating is cooled again at a third station angularly spaced from and downstream of the second station until it hardens and the hardened covering is stripped from the mold at a fourth station angularly spaced downstream of the third station and upstream of the first station.

Abstract: A centrifuge apparatus and a method of filtration are described. The centrifuge has radial and lateral filtration surfaces and separate discharge chambers for each. The lateral filter is located at an imperforate radial distance from the radial filter. This distance forces the filtration to occur through the radial filter and develop the filter cake rather than pass through the lateral filter which has no developed cake. The use of separate, laterally-disposed withdrawal chambers at different radial heights allows accurate control over the hydraulic filtration forces acting across the filter surfaces.

Abstract: A mixing head is supplied with two or more synthetic resin components from respective supply vessels. When one of these components is highly filled and an obstruction may be expected upstream of the metering piston unit between the supply vessel and the mixing head, the recirculating line from the mixing head is connected to the duct between the supply vessel and the piston unit at a position close to a two-way valve at the piston so that recirculating flow clears any obstruction from the duct.

Abstract: The aircraft-towing tractor which comprises a rearwardly open fork within which a frame is mounted so as to be raised and lowered. Telescopingly extensible shanks of the frame reach rearwardly to carry gripper arms behind the nosewheel assembly of an aircraft so that the assembly is drawn into the opening of the fork and is retained thereagainst a front shoe. A retaining claw can be swung into place from above and the frame raised.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for pneumatically evacuating a vertical centrifuge (12), the drying gas moving as a secondary flow (54) being converted--prior to its combination with the mixture of product and gas conveyed through the discharge pipe--into a turbulent longitudinal flow essentially enclosing the discharge pipe as far as its downstream end, in order to prevent caking of the centrifuged material within the discharge pipe or in conveying lines (20) attached thereto and also to shorten the length of the drying pipe.

Abstract: A method of and an apparatus for the measurement of the degree of gas charging of a liquid component of a foam synthetic resin such as a polyurethane. The gas-charged liquid component is introduced into a measuring vessel to a height controlled by an overflow so as to be fixed. The degree of charging is then determined from the measured hydrostatic pressure of each column.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for the measurement of the degree of charging of a liquid synthetic resin component with a gas in which the flushing of the measuring column and the detection of the hydrostatic pressure are effected solely by control of the intake valve to the measuring chamber, a discharge valve at the bottom of an overflow chamber connected to the measuring chamber, and a three position valve connected to the top of the overflow chamber. In one position of this latter valve, a pressurized gas is applied to the overflow chamber to drive overflow liquid component back to the tank: in another position of this valve the column can be equilibrated with atmospheric pressure: in a third position this valve is closed.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing articles by molding of mixtures of at least two flowable reactive components comprises respective metering units for displacing the components to a mixing head from respective storage vessels with the working pistons of these units being displaced by hydraulic fluid from a common pump through servocontrolled valves respectively following the working pistons to maintain the velocities thereof constant.

Abstract: A check valve at the end of a plastifying worm for an extrusion or injection molding machine comprises a valve ring whose inner diameter is greater than that of a tip at the end of the head of the worm and which surrounds the neck connecting this tip with the valve seat of the worm. Spacers, preferably balls, are disposed between the ring and the tip and the surfaces of the ring and the tip flanking the balls are oriented to allow radial removal of the balls when the valve projects from the cylinder.

Abstract: A bogie for a self-propelled railway car comprises a brake for at least two wheel sets, the axle of one of which can be driven by an electric motor through a gear train. According to the invention, not only is the support frame mounted upon a pin depending from the vehicle chassis and a secondary spring suspension provided between this frame and the chassis, but the pin also carries at least part of the weight of the motor and drive train and/or the brake system. Both the drive train and the brake system are connected to the driven axle by a universal joint shaft arrangement and a primary suspension is provided between the axles and the frame.

Abstract: An apparatus for mounting relatively small and deformable elongated rails on a relatively large, generally horizontal, and nondeformable elongated rail beam has a stiff but limitedly elastically deformable elongated jig. A plurality of clamps spaced longitudinally along the jig are engageable with the rail for locking onto the rail at respective longitudinally spaced locations. Respective vertical and horizontal jacks transversely engage between the clamps and the jig for elastically deforming the jig into a desired shape relative to the rail beam. Holders and the like are provided on the jig for securing the deformable rails to the rail beam in predetermined positions relative to the deformed jig. If the rail section is to be curved in any direction the jig is appropriately deformed relative to the rail beam so its various holders and mounting fixtures lie on the appropriate curve. Such elastic deformation of the jig therefore perfectly positions these rail holders.