Abstract: A cryogenic fluid flow control system. This cryogenic fluid flow control system utilizes a first element forming a fluid inlet channel and an outlet passage that can be selectively blocked off by a second element that can move relative to the first element by an effect due to the difference in expansion coefficients between the materials of the first and second elements. The outlet passage utilizes a part extending transversely relative to the inlet channel and emerging on the periphery of an end part of the first element, the second element being placed at least partly around said end part.

Abstract: An installation and process for producing hydrogen, which includes a purification unit for purifying a hydrogen-rich synthesis gas and for producing hydrogen and a waste gas, along with the additional equipment required in order to continue operation in the event of a purification unit shutdown.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition that can be used to manufacture an impermeable, sealing, tight envelope, to a process for manufacturing an impermeable envelope, and to a tank. The composition of the invention comprises in % by weight relative to the total weight of the composition: from 70 to 90% of a monomer (I); from 0.1 to 1% of an activator (II), in which R is chosen from the group comprising CnH2n+2, n being an integer chosen from 1 to 10; —OH; —OCn H2n+2, n being an integer chosen from 1 to 10; and —NHR? where R? is either CnH2n+2, n being an integer chosen from 1 to 10, or an amine functional group; from 2 to 6% of a catalyst (III), in which X is chosen from the group comprising MgBr, MgI, Li and Na; and from 10 to 20% of an additive (IV), with: This composition can be used, for example, to manufacture elements that are impermeable to fluids, for example impermeable envelopes, for example that can be used in the manufacture of type IV tanks or hydraulic accumulators.

Abstract: The invention concerns a device and a process for cooling articles such as food, in particular meat, seafood, fruit or vegetables comprising a rotatable cylinder having an inner space for receiving and cooling the articles, wherein the rotatable cylinder comprises a wall made of a flexible material and the articles are enclosed in the inner space at least partially, wherein the flexible material is at least one of fabric, tissue and canvas, in particular woven, preferably made from polyester, polyamide, in particular nylon, polyurethane and/or polyolefin; as well as articles cooled with the process respectively the device according to the invention. The use of the flexible material allows for simple cleaning of the cooling device even if large rotatable cylinder are involved that comprise an Archimedian screw in their inner space, thus allowing for homogeneous, clean and efficient cooling of the articles.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process respectively an apparatus for filling a container with articles such as food, in particular meat, and a process respectively an apparatus for cooling articles and is characterised by repeating the following steps: (A) a first portion of the articles is conveyed with a conveying means, in particular a conveyor belt, having a conveyor outlet and is discharged into a container at a lower conveying speed such that a first portion accumulates in the container at the first location closer to the conveyor outlet; and (B) thereafter, a second portion of the articles is conveyed by the conveying means and is discharged into a container at a higher conveying speed, such that the second portion accumulates in the container at the second location further away from the conveyor outlet; as well as a process respectively an apparatus for cooling articles using said process and said apparatus for filling; as well as the articles processed by said processes respectively said apparatus.

Abstract: A heat exchange fin spacer. The fin may be sandwiched between two plates in a brazed-plate heat exchanger. The fin is based upon a corrugated product having wave legs which, when mounted, define flow channels for a gas to be condensed. The fin has at least one condensed liquid drainage channel on the wave legs and deviation elements that drain the liquid towards at least one lateral edge of the wave legs. The deviation elements are provided with at least one leading edge and/or at least one inclined trailing edge. The invention is suitable for use in the main heat exchanger of an air separation unit.

Abstract: A method and a device for cooling various articles. A gas stream is cooled with liquid nitrogen and the cooled stream is then applied to articles in order to cool them.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the provision of gas under pressure, by vaporisation of a cryogenic liquid from at least two cryogenic separation devices (A, B, C, D). Each device comprises a heat exchanger (1) and a system of columns (2, 3). In a first mode of operation, a cryogenic liquid is withdrawn from the columns in each cryogenic separation device, at least a part of which is pressurised (7, 8) to give a pressurised cryogenic liquid (9) and at least a part of the cryogenic liquid under pressure is vaporised in the heat exchanger (1) to give a part of gas under pressure (10). A cryogenic liquid is sent (6) from the cryogenic separation device to a common store (12) and at least one liquid (28A, 28B, 28C, 28D) coming from the store is vaporised in the exchange line (1) in at least one of the cryogenic separation devices.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for producing a copper layer on substrate in a flat panel display manufacturing process, where the copper is electrodelessly deposited on a substrate to form a copper interconnection layer. A copper solution containing: CuSO4 5H2O as a copper source, potassium sodium tartrate or trisodium citrate as a complexing agent, glyoxylate, glyoxilic acid or sodium phosphate as a reducing agent, a sulfur organic compound as a stabilizing agent, and a pH adjusting agent, is used to form the copper interconnection layer on the substrate.

Abstract: An automated method for detecting the wear of a non-consumable electrode of an arc welding torch and for automatically replacing or remachining the electrode when it is eroded with a fresh electrode includes the following steps: a) the number of strikes performed by the electrode in question, and possibly the arc time of the electrode and the strike time for establishing the arc, is measured or counted during welding; b) the value of at least one of the wear-indicating parameters determined in step a) is compared with at least one preset respective reference value; and c) the eroded electrode is replaced with a fresh or sharpened electrode when the value of at least one of the wear-indicating parameters is equal to or exceeds at least the preset respective reference value.

Abstract: An apparatus for stirring and injecting a gas into a liquid. A drive device, located above a container containing a liquid, is connected to a vertical output shaft. The shaft has a self-suction turbine at its. The turbine is made of two stacked disks where the surface area of the lower disk is less than the surface area of the upper disk.

Abstract: This abstract discusses membranes needed to separate fluids for the production of oxygen-enriched air, nitrogen-enriched-air, for the separation of carbon dioxide from hydrocarbons, and the separation of hydrogen from various petrochemical and oil refining streams. Membranes are needed that provide a resistance to interaction with process components or contaminants, provide the mechanical strength required to withstand high membrane differential pressures and high process temperatures, and exhibit sufficient maximum strain such that membranes are not brittle and can easily be formed into desirable membrane forms. Membranes of polyimide polymers, particularly polyimide polymers sold under the trade name P-84, are annealed in a controlled annealing step to improve the mechanical properties of the polymers used to make separation membranes.

Abstract: Methods for the production of trisilane from the pyrolysis of disilane in a single reactor.

Abstract: The invention concerns an oxide ion conductive ceramic membrane, characterized in that it comprises a non-null finite volume with non-null total thickness E, comprising, a dense layer (CD) of a solid electrolyte, a so-called bonding layer (CA), of mixed conductive porous cathode (EP) and porous anode (EP?), a cathode current collector (CC) and an anode current collector (CC?), a coating porous layer (ER), and a coating porous layer (ER?), and characterized in that the volume E of said membrane, is equal to the sum of the thickness of said elements. The membrane is used for separating oxygen from air or from a gas mixture containing same and in particular for producing ultra-pure oxygen under high pressure in a closed chamber.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of use for treating at least one fluid, in a container that holds at least one mass of a particulate material between two perforated walls. Near the upper part of the mass, at least one deflector extends from the first wall towards the second wall. Fluid flows through the walls horizontally, and the deflector is positioned at an angle to this horizontal fluid flow direction. With this particular apparatus configuration, an area close to the second wall and opposite the adjacent end of the deflector is formed, which is generally free of particulate matter; thus, resulting in a more efficient treatment process.

Abstract: A method for guaranteeing at least one characteristic of a fluid used for producing food products. This method utilizes a system for piping and delivering the fluid, combined with means for producing the products, in order to use the fluid for producing the products; the measuring a value of the characteristic; the comparing the measured value with a predetermined threshold value; the act of executing an action if the measured value departs from the threshold value; the combining the measured value with first information for identifying at least one product; and then the storing the associated value and the associated information.

Abstract: Membranes are used to separate fluids for the production of oxygen-enriched air, nitrogen-enriched-air, for the separation of carbon dioxide from hydrocarbons, and the separation of hydrogen from various petrochemical and oil refining streams. Membranes are discussed that provide a resistance to interaction with process components or contaminants, which can lead to plasticizing of the membrane, while providing the mechanical strength required to withstand high membrane differential pressures and high process temperatures. Membranes of blended polymers are used to improve the mechanical strength of the polymers used to make separation membranes. Specifically, polyimide polymers are combined with a blend polymer that is a polyamide and/or a polyamide-imde polymer. The resulting polymer mix is used to produce various forms of high strength, chemically resistant membranes, including hollow-fiber membranes that are suitable for high pressure, high temperature applications.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for welding with a laser beam. A shielding gas mixture of nitrogen and helium is used and the proportions of the component gases are modified depending on the laser beam's power or power density. Plasma formation in the shield gas is minimized by increasing the proportion of helium as the laser beam's power or power density increases.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for treating a liquid bath of oxygen. A liquid bath of at least 70 mol % of oxygen is located at the base of a cryogenic distillation column. The bath is continuously boiled by an aluminum reboiler. A portion of the liquid bath is purged to prevent a build up of inflammable impurities in the bath. A portion of the purge is sent to a second reboiler, which is less inflammable than the first reboiler. Oxygen boiled by the second reboiler is sent back to the column, and a portion of the oxygen rich liquid bath treated by the second reboiler is also purged. The invention also relates to an apparatus of carrying out this method.

Abstract: A method for simultaneously producing hydrogen and carbon monoxide by subjecting synthesis gas to a decarbonation in a decarbonation unit, and to desiccation in a desiccation unit. After the decarbonation and the desiccation, the remaining synthesis gas components are cryogenically separated and a hydrogen-enriched gas is recycled upstream from the decarbonation unit and downstream from synthesis gas producing unit.