Abstract: An apparatus can be used in an appliance such as a refrigerator or freezer having a housing, a door, and a gasket for sealing the door and the housing, the housing having a contact strip, the apparatus including a handle connected to the door by two webs, the handle having a door opening member which is movably supported by the handle, the door opening member including first and second actuating latches respectively disposed adjacent each of the two webs, the first and second actuating latches each contacting the gasket for lifting a portion of the gasket away from the contact strip, wherein the door opening member can be operated to cause a reliable displacement of the actuating latches relative to the handle resulting in lifting of the gasket.

Abstract: A controllable broadband amplifier whose current consumption and direct voltage output level are independent of the control voltage includes four differential amplifiers, each having two input ports, two output ports, and a shared port. The two input ports of the first differential amplifier are connected to the two signal input ports of the broadband amplifier, the shared port of the first differential amplifier is connected to the power supply port via a constant current source, and the output ports of the first differential amplifier are connected to the shared ports of the second and third differential amplifiers. The input ports of the second and third differential amplifiers are connected together and to control voltage input ports of the broadband amplifier. One output port of the second differential amplifier is connected to one output port of the third differential amplifier, and both are connected to the shared port of the fourth differential amplifier.

Abstract: A thin film solar cell with an n-i-p structure has roughened substrate surface and to achieve an improved fill factor, the substrate surface of the solar cell is a multiply concave surface and has no sharp points.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a miniaturized, isotropic electro-optical measuring and transmission device including a measuring head having small exterior dimensions which is supplied only by means of optical conductors and includes an overload protection in the transducer supply and a frequency compensated overvoltage protection in the signal branch.

Abstract: Receiver configuration for microwave signals with a receiver antenna, a rectifier circuit and a detector circuit, wherein only one single antenna is provided to receive a vertically polarized energy signal and a horizontally polarized data signal. It has separate detector circuits available for the energy signal and the data signal. The detector circuit for the energy signal consists of a voltage doubling circuit to generate an operating voltage and the detector circuit for the data signal consists of a diode with a shunt resistor to generate a modulated DC voltage.

Abstract: The invention relates to a gate turn-off thyristor which includes, per unit cell, a cathode-side emitter strip and two anode-side spaced emitter strips which overlap in position with the edge of the cathode-side emitter strip. In such a GTO thyristor, the maximum disconnectable anode current greatly decreases during turn-off with increasing voltage rise rate, since the electrical fields developing in the non-regenerative transistor region centered underneath the cathode-side emitter strip are too high. Reduction of the field intensity occurring in the non-regenerative transistor region and thus reduction in the decrease of the maximum disconnectable anode current is realized, according to the invention, in that a p-type zone is disposed between the two anode-side emitter strips to dynamically limit the electrical field, with this p-type zone injecting holes to a lesser degree than the adjacent emitter strips and essentially only during turn-off of high currents.

Abstract: An improved process for metallizing a ceramic substrate for the purpose of producing a metal layer having uniformly good adhesion as measured by peel strength. The improvement is a pretreatment process in which the firing skin, i.e., the glass-like surface of the ceramic substrate is removed and the exposed surface of the ceramic substrate is positively roughened. The pretreatment includes a chemical etching step during which the ceramic substrate contacts a melt bath containing molten alkali hydroxide and an additive, which additive preferably is water. From 0.01 to 80 weight %, preferably from 1 to 5 weight %, of water is included in the melt bath. Rather than reducing the etching rate because of dilution, the rate increased unexpectedly. Moreover, the metallization resulted in a metal layer having very good adhesion, which adhesion can be further improved by chemically etching the ceramic substrate under a protective gas atmosphere, preferably a wet protective gas atmosphere.

Abstract: A structured semiconductor body based on a Si substrate and having monocrystalline semiconductor regions and barrier regions which contain polycrystalline silicon which have preferably been produced in an Si-MBE process. The barrier regions are provided to delimit the monocrystalline Si semiconductor structures to prevent undesired current flow, for example between twso monocrystalline devices of an integrated circuit. The polycrystalline silicon of the barrier regions has a substantially lower electrical conductivity than the monocrystalline regions, and consequently it is possible to spatially selectively dope portions the barrier region so as to provide regions which electrically contact a monocrystalline silicon region. In a preferred embodiment a polycrystalline silicon region within the barrier region is doped so that it forms a pn-junction with the adjacent monocrystalline semiconductor region and can be used, for example, as an emitter zone of a bipolar device.

Abstract: The invention relates to a semiconductor body, which is composed of at least one semiconductor device, especially one impatt-diode, with integrated heat sink. The series of semiconductor layers, out of which the semiconductor device is produced, is made up of one first p.sup.+ -doped semiconductor layer, which has the function of an etching stop layer, of a contact layer and a buffer layer at the same time.

Abstract: A radiation detector device is provided with a plurality of radiosensitive bipolar resistor elements arranged in parallel between two supply lines. Separate first signal lines are connected to a first pole of each of the resistor elements and leads out of the vacuum housing. For the reduction of the number of cable inlets, a ground cable acting as a second signal line is connected to one pole of each of the detector elements. A differential amplifier is provided associated with each of the detector elements receiving the signals from each of the first poles of the resistor elements and receiving the signal from the ground cable.

Abstract: A method of producing an electrophotographic recording material, in which an aluminum substrate is coated with a blocking layer. The blocking layer is coated with a layer of amorphous silicon by direct current magnetron cathode sputtering. At least one sputter target containing silicon is used, and a power density of from about 2.0 W/cm.sup.2 to about 30 W/cm.sup.2 is used for the sputtering. The sputtering is performed in an atmosphere containing hydrogen and an inert gas, with a total pressure of inert gas and hydrogen being in a range from about 1.times.10.sup.-3 to about 10.times.10.sup.-3 mbar. This produces a layer of amorphous silicon having a hydrogen content of more than 40 atom %, an inert gas content in a range of 0.01 to 10 atom %, and in which the relative peak heights of the low and high temperature peaks during hydrogen effusion are approximately equal. The amorphous silicon layer is then coated with a cover layer.

Abstract: An arrangement for reliably detecting process states within freely couplable units each controlled by a computer. Each one of n couplable units forms its own internal signal current loop including a controllable current source and at least two current detection members and series connected process contacts actuated by the process. If a plurality of such units are coupled together, the internal signal current loops of these units are electrically separated and common signal current loops are formed for identical processes so as to pass through all units. Each current source belonging to a unit and its current detection members can be bridged by a subloop which can be activated for test purposes by means of a switch, with the position of the switch being monitored with respect to safety by predetermined tests employing additional, position specific current loops.

Abstract: Insulated electrical conductor and electrical insulation which includes a polyolefin as polymeric base material and a voltage stabilizer included in the polyolefin and comprised of at least one hydrolyzable alkoxy compound, which at least one hydrolyzable alkoxy compound is a liquid at a temperature ranging from about -25.degree. C. to about 140.degree. C. and has a formula:(R.sup.a O).sub.y R.sub.3--y.sup.b X-[R-X'(OR.sup.c).sub.z R.sub.2-z.sup.d ].sub.n -OR.sup.e,where R.sup.a, R.sup.c and R.sup.e are hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 18 carbon atoms; R.sup.b and R.sup.d are saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon groups or aromatic hydrocarbon groups having from 1 to 30 carbon atoms; R is a group having a carbon skeleton including at least one heteroatom Y; O is oxygen; X and X' are elements having a valence of four; n varies from 1 to 10, y varies form 0 to 3, z varies from 0 to 2, and where R, R.sup.a, R.sup.b, R.sup.c and R.sub.

Abstract: In an aircraft on-board radar arrangement including a search radar and a radar warning receiving system, an additional receiving branch is provided to which are fed foreign radar signals received by the sharply focused transmit/receive antenna of the search radar, with the output of the additional receiving branch being connected to the radar warning receiver. This results in a greater angular resolution and a considerable increase in range, which again leads to a more detailed and early detected of threatening situations. By using already available components and because of the simple configuration of the additional receiving branch, additional costs remain low.

Abstract: An electric motor having at least two salient stator poles equipped with windings, covering members inserted into gaps between the poles, and a protector switch associated with the field windings. The protector switch is mounted at a predetermined position on one of the covering members using a clamping element which is configured as an elongated component and which is provided with a receptacle for the housing of the protector switch and a holder for leads extending from the switch. The clamping member snaps into a recess in the cover member extending in the direction of the motor axis. The clamping element orients the protector switch so as to avoid contact chatter due to vibration of the motor.

Abstract: A process for etching at least a portion of a surface of a ceramic substrate preparatory to metal-plating thereof, the process including, applying to the surface of the ceramic substrate a substantially uniform coating of a chemical precursor of an alkaline etching substance; and treating the chemical precursor to chemically transform it into the alkaline etching substance and etch the surface. Preferably the at least one chemical precursor is an organic alkali compound or an organic alkaline earth compound.

Abstract: A radar arrangement which is particularly useful for the terrain following radar of an aircraft avoids disturbances from rain echoes by utilizing an antenna arrangement with a transmitting/receving directional antenna which is circularly polarized. A supplementary receiving antenna of orthogonally-circularly polarized type is used in conjunction with the directional antenna. From a comparison of the signal level distinctions is made between a target and a rain echo. The rain echo can thus be suppressed to give a truer target signal.

Abstract: An electrophotographic recording material comprises a dual photoconductive layer applied to an electrically conductive substrate. The lower layer disposed on the substrate is made of an amorphous system of selenium and arsenic containing 18 to 37 percent by weight arsenic. The layer thereabove is made of As.sub.2-x Bi.sub.x Se.sub.3 or As.sub.2 Se.sub.3-y Te.sub.y. The recording material is highly sensitive in the visible spectral range as well as in the IR range and can therefore also be used for recordings with solid state laser diode radiation. In cyclic operation, the material exhibits only slight fatigue.

Abstract: An optical multiplexer is disclosed which comprises three waveguides, one for admitting or emitting light and two for receiving light. Each waveguide has an end face. One of the receiving waveguides has an optical layer on its end face which is disposed at an angle to the optical axis of that waveguide. The waveguides are juxtaposed so that their optical axes intersect substantially at the end face of the one receiving waveguide. The optical layer transmits part of the light into the one receiving waveguide. The remainder of the light is reflected into the other receiving waveguide. The intervening space at least partly bounded by the end faces of the waveguides have an index of refraction different from the waveguides themselves.

Abstract: An IMPATT diode having Si-SiGe heterostructure grown on a Si substrate with the SiGe layer being disposed in the generation zone of the IMPATT diode. The SiGe layer may be replaced by a Si/SiGe superlattice.