Abstract: An electrolytically metallized article and process therefore, the process including the steps of electrolytically depositing a metal layer onto a surface of the substrate; and structuring the metal layer to provide regularly distributed openings therein, which openings extend through to the substrate and have an interval between adjacent openings which permits, during any subsequent heat treatment of the metallized substrate, the escape of volatile and volatilizable substances included in the metal layer and the substrate during the electrolyte deposition. The interval between adjacent openings is preferably such that the structured metal layer has no continuous metal portion measured between adjacent openings which exceeds 2 mm.

Abstract: An orbital sander having a sanding plate braced via elastic elements, the plate being capable of being set into reciprocating motion by an eccentric drive element that can be set into rotation by the armature shaft of the drive motor. The eccentric drive element is an outer wheel of an asymmetrical planetary gear, with a sun wheel disposed on the drive shaft.

Abstract: An electric motor with attached tachogenerator wherein the tachogenerator may be attached to electric motors of varying types without significantly changing the housing or motor shaft bearing plate configuration and while maintaining the required environmental protection. The rpm signal generator of the tachogenerator is placed onto a motor shaft end portion which extends out of the motor housing through the shaft bearing plate and is enclosed by a closable housing accommodating a detector, e.g. a coil. The housing is latchable, for example by means of detent hooks, to the bearing plate or motor housing. The arrangement is particularly useful for electric motors where dust free and liquid tight protection is required.

Abstract: A circuit breaker comprises a housing; a stationary contact mounted in the housing; an operating shaft disposed in the housing and rotatable about a first axis of rotation; and a movable contact including a contact arm pivotally held in the operating shaft for rotation about a second axis of rotation from an on position into a tripped position. By rotating the operating shaft about the first axis of rotation, the contact arm is movable into and out of the on position and an off position. The contact arm further has a terminus including a rounded corner and an adjoining rounded engagement face. There is further provided a structural unit stationarily supported in the housing and comprising a spring having a stationarily supported first end and a second end and a transfer lever having an end pivotally supported for rotation about a third axis of rotation.

Abstract: A stacker for letters and similar flat, flexible conveyed material includes a number of stack compartments to which the letters are fed past shunts assigned separately to the individual compartments and in which the letters are stacked on top of one another, the stack compartments are sloped by a specific angle in the direction of the incoming letters. Each stack compartment has an inlet strap mounted at one end to rotate above the letter inlet opening and to guide the letter into the stack compartment during its energy. The inlet strap has an angle iron shaped cross section, with the ends of the legs pointing in the direction of the stacking space.

Abstract: A fiber optic star coupler which is suitable, in particular, for monomode optical waveguides. This is realized by a multiple taper coupler configured as a hollow cylinder.

Abstract: Process for chemically metallizing an inorganic substrate, which is a poor conductor of electricity, e.g. a ceramic material or glass. The surface of the substrate is chemically activated so that chemical bonds are more readily formed with a subsequently applied, inorganic adhesion promoter. The adhesion promoter in turn facilitates chemical bonding with a subseqently applied metal layer, e.g. a copper layer, which is applied by a wet chemical method. The activation step and the step of applying an adhesion promoter, in combination with at least one thermal treatment, results in an adhesive strength between the metal layer and the substrate surface which equals or exceeds the adhesion strength of the surface of the substrate material.

Abstract: A shift mirror or reflector (SP) which is noted by high azimuth velocity around a first axis (A1) and dependent upon that can be tilted around an axis rotating therewith. The rotary movement is transmitted from a motor (M) arranged at the side by means of a belt drive (RS) (Z1) or directly from a coaxial hollow shaft motor (M1) via a first shaft and a reflector-suspension to the reflector. The tilt movement arises from an up and down movement of a second shaft via tilt levers (K1, K2), with the second shaft being guided within the first shaft and rotating therewith. The second shaft (A2) is coupled via an axial bearing to the up and down movement of a spindle/nut arrangement, which is actuated by a separate drive (RS2) or another hollow shaft motor (M2). First shaft, second shaft, spindle, nut and also, if desired, the hollow shaft motors are arranged coaxial to each other.

Abstract: Method for reflow soldering respectively desoldering of circuit boards by using infrared radiation from radiator groups in a furnace. The circuit boards are introduced into the furnace on a timed belt or work piece carrier and maintained motionless during the prewarming, soldering respectively desoldering and cooling down phase. For prewarming for a first given time the radiator groups are operated with reduced operating current. For reflow soldering respectively desoldering the operating current of the radiator groups is switched for a second given time to a maaximum given stage and subsequently turned off completely. The soldered respectively desoldered circuit boards are cooled in a laminar air stream from ventilators for drawing off the solder vapors; the ventilators are initially operated with reduced number of rpms until the solder solidifies and then at the maximum number of rpms. Subsequently, the circuit boards are moved out of the furnace.

Abstract: An electric handtool includes a two-stage speed reduction gear unit in which each stage includes a sun gear and two planet gears carried by a carrier. The carrier of the first stage has a small diameter hexagonal first socket for receiving and entraining, for example, the shank of a chuck. The carrier of the second stage has a large diameter hexagonal second socket for receiving and entraining, for example, the shank of a screwdriver bit as well as a passage bore to provide access to the first socket. The socket and bore in the second stage are dimensioned so that the shank of the chuck can extend therethrough without being entrained thereby.

Abstract: A switch latch for a power switch including a supporting part of the type having two planar, parallel connected bearing plates, a switching mechanism adapted to hold a lock mechanism, wherein the levers of the switch latch are configured as planar members, simple pins are used as bearing pins and as connecting pins, and simple tension springs serve as spring elements, wherein one side of each bearing plate projects to form an assembling tab which projects at right angles to another portion of the respective bearing plate, and the bearing plates are connected with one another by an assembling bracket connected at the side opposite the tab ends, with the assembling bracket being configured as a planar member.

Abstract: Method for compensating the interference magnetic field of an object by means of an interference field controlled magnetic self-protection system having a coil system connected to receive a magnetic field producing current and oriented to produce a magnetic field tending to compensate the interference magnetic field, which method includes: monitoring a magnetic field difference at a selected location relative to the object; providing a representation of the value of the magnetic moment of the object; and controlling the current supplied to the coil in dependence on the monitored magnetic field difference and the value of the magnetic moment.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for wet metal-plating of ceramic substrates. More particularly this invention relates to the wet chemical copper plating of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 ceramics. It is essentially composed of a combined chemical pretreatment of the ceramic surface for chemical metallization without external electric current in such a manner that within only a single pretreatment step the substrate surface is chemically activated and is simultaneously covered with an adhesion promoter, and/or a sensitizer and/or an activator (catalyst).

Abstract: An arrangement for monitoring malfunctioning display lamps in control, switching, safety and indicator systems, wherein the display lamp, which is provided with a series resistor, is connected in parallel with the series connection of a visual indicator and an electronic circuit and this parallel connection is controlled in dependence on the operating state of the display lamp.

Abstract: A method for producing a doped semiconductor layer on a semiconductor substrate, employing particle radiation, including the steps of initially applying an adsorbed layer containing a doping substance to the semiconductor substrate; controlling the concentration of the doping substance in the adsorbed layer; growing a semiconductor layer having a crystal lattice structure on the substrate; performing a secondary implantation operation for incorporating the doping substance in the crystal lattice of the semiconductor layer; and performing a heat treatment for removing crystal lattice imperfections and incorporating the doping substance into crystal lattice positions.

Abstract: In a system for displacement vector searching in digital image analysis, sub-totals of the amount differences in gray value for the pixel data of two images are calculated in parallel for more than one pair of pixels. These sub-totals are subsequently added together in an accumulator unit. In a control computer connected to the accumulator unit, the displacement vector is determined by selecting the minimum of a number of such added values.

Abstract: A Method of Controlling the Withdrawal Process is carried out in a Singling Device and Arrangement to increase the throughput of singled shipments such a letters, postcards and the like from a singling device to a conveyor, the delivery of successive shipments from the singling device is controlled as a function of the measured parameters like length, height, thickness, stiffness, surface roughness, and weight of the shipment previously withdrawn from the singling device so that a minimum distance depending on the parameters of the preceding shipment can be adjusted between the withdrawn shipments on the conveyor. Thus, the singled, successive shipments can be offered to a distribution section, such as one equipped with directing switches and stacking compartments, via the conveyor, the minimum spacings between them and with the assurance of troublefree stacking of the shipment in the stacking compartments.

Abstract: An electrical baking and roasting oven defining a cooking chamber which can be closed by a door, the oven having side walls bounding the cooking chamber and the oven being composed of an upper heating element and a lower heating element for heating upper and lower regions, respectively, of the chamber, an insertable partitioning member carraying the lower heating element and equipped with a plug-in connection, for partitioning off a lower part of the volume of the cooking chamber, and guide elements mounted on the side walls for supporting the partitioning member, wherein the partitioning member includes a heat insulating body disposed below the lower heating element for thermally shielding the lower part of the cooking chamber, and the oven side walls are provided with breaks at the height of the guide elements for reducing thermal conduction through the side walls to the lower part of the cooking chamber.

Abstract: An asymmetrical thyristor having an n.sup.+ pn.sup.- np.sup.- zone sequence whose functionability is not impaired and, in particular, whose reverse blocking characteristic is not degraded, if it fires after a forward current load and subsequent commutation before its turn-off time has expired due to the positive voltage increasing again. This insensitivity to refiring after commutation when falling below the turn-off time is realized by a flat rise of the doping concentration from the n.sup.- -type zone to the n-type zone, with the doping concentration in the n-type layer increasing approximately exponentially over a path of at least 50.mu.. In order to keep the forward off-state current low with a flat nn.sup.- junction, the thickness and doping of the n.sup.- -type layer are dimensioned such that at the highest intended forward off-state voltage the electric field intensity at the pn.sup.- junction is about 1.5.multidot.10.sup.5 V/cm, drops approximately linearly in the n.sup.- -type layer and, at the nn.

Abstract: .[.An electrophotographic recording material comprises a conductive substrate, a first photoconductive selenium layer containing halogen disposed on the substrate, and a second photoconductive selenium layer containing arsenic disposed on the second photo conductive layer. The first photo conductive layer disposed on the substrate additionally contains arsenic..]. .Iadd.An electrophotographic recording material comprising a conductive substrate, a first photoconductive selenium layer containing arsenic and halogen disposed on the substrate, and a second photoconductive selenium layer containing tellurium, and optionally containing arsenic, disposed on the first photoconductive layer..Iaddend.