Abstract: Formic acid is difficult to separate from acetic acid by conventional distillation or rectification because of the proximity of their boiling points. Formic acid can be readily separated from acetic acid by using azeotropic distillation. Effective agents are acetonitrile and isopropyl acetate.
Abstract: Formic acid is difficult to separate from acetic acid by conventional distillation or rectification because of the close proximity of their boiling points. Formic acid can be readily separated from acetic acid by using extractive distillation. Effective agents are propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid and 2-ethyl hexanoic acid.
Abstract: 3-Carene and limonene cannot be separated from each other by rectification because of the closeness of their boiling points. They are readily separated by extractive distillation. Effective agents are: diethylene glycol phenyl ether, nonyl phenol, tripropylene glycol methyl ether, ethyl salicylate, 4-ethylphenol and 2-phenoxyethanol.
Abstract: 3-Carene and limonene cannot be separated from each other by rectification because of the closeness of their boiling points. They are readily separated by azeotropic distillation. Effective agents are: cyclopentanol, 2-nitropropane, ethyl formate amyl acetate dimethyl carbonate, tetrahydrofuran, acetic acid and 2-amino-amethyl-1-propanol.
Abstract: Butyraldehyde cannot be separated from ethanol by conventional distillation or rectification because they form a minimum boiling azeotrope. Butyraldehyde can be readily separated from ethanol by azeotropic distillation. Effective agents are ethyl formate, hexane and isopropyl ether.
Abstract: Isopropanol is difficult to separate from 2-butanone by conventional distillation or rectification because of the proximity of their boiling points. Isopropanol can be readily separated from 2-butanone by extractive distillation. Effective agents are o-cresol, ethylene glycol and nitroethane.
Abstract: o-Xylene cannot be separated from p-xylene and m-xylene by conventional distillation or rectification because of the proximity of their boiling points. o-Xylene can be readily separated from mixtures of p-xylene and m-xylene by azeotropic distillation. Effective agents are 3-methyl-1-butanol, methyl propionate and 3-pentanone.
Abstract: 1-Hexene is difficult to separate from hexane by conventional distillation or rectification because of the proximity of their boiling points. 1-Hexene can be readily separated from hexane by extractive distillation. Effective agents are hexyl acetate, methyl amyl alcohol and acetophenone.
Abstract: Benzene is difficult to separate from cyclohexane or cyclohexene by conventional distillation or rectification because of the close proximity of their boiling points. Benzene can be readily separated from cyclohexane or cyclohexene by using extractive distillation. Effective agents are: for benzene from cyclohexane, methyl acetoacetate; for benzene from cyclohexene, ethyl acetoacetate.
Abstract: Ethanol is impossible to separate from 2-butanone by conventional distillation or rectification because of the minimum boiling azeotrope between these two. Ethanol can be readily separated from 2-butanone by extractive distillation. Effective agents are dipromyl amine, phenol and dimethylsulfoxide.
Abstract: p-Xylene cannot be separated from m-xylene by distillation or rectification because of the proximity of their boiling points. p-Xylene can be separated from m-xylene by means of extractive distillation. Effective agents are 3-ethylphenol and isopropyl palmitate. Effective agents for separating mixtures of p-xylene, m-xylene and o-xylene are 2-butoxyethyl acetate and 1,1,1-trichloroethane.
Abstract: 3-Methyl-2-butanol, 2-pentanol and 1-butanol are difficult to separate by conventional distillation or rectification because of the proximity of their boiling points. Mixtures of these three can be readily separated from each other by azeotropic distillation. Effective agents are hexyl acetate, hexane and 3-methyl pentane.
Abstract: m-Xylene is very difficult to separate from mixtures of p-xylene and o-xylene by conventional distillation or rectification because of the proximity of their boiling points. m-Xylene can be readily separated from p-xylene and mixtures of p-xylene and o-xylene by azeotropic distillation. An effective agent is tetraethyl ortho silicate.
Abstract: Ethanol is difficult to separate from isopropanol by conventional distillation or rectification because of the proximity of their boiling points. Ethanol can be readily separated from isopropanol by extractive distillation. Effective agents are dipentene, anisole and ethyl benzene.
Abstract: Heptane is difficult to separate from 1-heptene by conventional distillation or rectification because of the proximity of their boiling points. Heptane can be readily separated from 1-heptene by extractive distillation. Effective agents are diacetone alcohol, ethyl butyrate and dimethylsulfoxide.
Abstract: p-Xylene cannot be separated from m-xylene by distillation or rectification because of the proximity of their boiling points. p-Xylene can be separated from m-xylene by means of extractive distillation. Effective agents are 3-ethylphenol and 1,1,2-trichloroethane. Effective agents for separating mixtures of p-xylene, m-xylene and o-xylene are 2-butoxyethyl acetate and 1,1,1-trichloroethane.
Abstract: 3-Methyl-2-butanol is difficult to separate from 2-pentanol by conventional distillation or rectification because of the proximity of their boiling points. 3-Methyl-2-butanol can be readily separated from 2-pentanol by azeotropic distillation. Effective agents are 2,2-dimethyl butane, ethyl acetate and dioxane.
Abstract: Ethanol is difficult to separate from isopropanol by conventional distillation or rectification because of the proximity of their boiling points. Ethanol can be readily separated from isopropanol by azeotropic distillation. Effective agents are sec. butyl acetate, hexene-1 and 1,3-dioxolane.
Abstract: Methylene chloride is difficult to separate from tetrahydrofuran by conventional distillation or rectification because of the proximity of their vapor pressures. Methylene chloride can be readily separated from tetrahydrofuran by extractive distillation. Effective agents are 1-pentanol, 1,2-butanediol and 3-nitrotoluene.
Abstract: Ethyl benzene is difficult to separate from p-xylene by conventional distillation or rectification because of the closeness of their boiling points. Ethyl benzene can be readily separated from p-xylene by extractive distillation. An effective agent is 5-methyl-2-hexanone, also called methyl isoamyl ketone.