Abstract: Linux's NAT (Network Address Translator) implementation, IP Masquerade, includes a VPN Masquerade feature that provides interoperation of NAT with IKE and ESP tunnel mode within the IPSec security protocol suite. VPN Masquerade uses heuristics to route packets from a server on the Internet to a client on a local network that shares access to the Internet with other clients over a common access link through a router running NAT. VPN Masquerade, however, is susceptible to crashes, collisions and race conditions that can disable IPSec communication. These are prevented, or recovery from such is automatically effected, by sending over a tunnel a control packet, a “ping”, from the client at one end of the tunnel to the server at the other end of the tunnel, and then waiting to send any packets other than a control packet over the tunnel until a responsive control packet is received from the server.

Abstract: In a wireless packet switching telecommunications network, voice services are provided by having a compressor/decompressor in each mobile station to provide each voice packet with a compressed header. Voice data and signalling data are sent separately and in different data formats to the air interface. The compressed header may be an M bit and a cyclically reset timeclick_number, which is decompressed by use of a wallclock which counts reset cycles to reinstate the voice packet headers. Alternatively, RTP agents are provided at the compression and decompression points, and voice packets are sent without headers over a “high quality” network such as a frame relay or ATM network. Compression state of a voice packet header can be established by sending call setup information over an out-of-band channel between compression points in a mobile station and in the network.

Abstract: The invention proposes a device for high-frequency and/or radio-frequency tuning comprising within one IC-package a first variable capacitor (C1) and at least one second capacitor (C2), each of the at least one second capacitor (C2) being fixed or variable respectively, at least one signal path connected to the first variable capacitor (C1) and providing at least one input and one output port (rf-port1, rf-port2) and at least one controllable switching means (SC2) for individually connecting and disconnecting at least one of the at least one second capacitor (C2) into the signal path or from the signal path, in particular in parallel to the first variable capacitor (C1).

Abstract: A monolithic waveguide/MEMS switch is disclosed that has a waveguide portion and a MEMS mirror portion fabricated on a single substrate, such as a as a silicon-on-insulator wafer. The monolithic waveguide/MEMS switch adjusts the phase of an optical signal by varying the position of one or more moveable mirrors. The mirror portion includes a mirror having a reflective surface that is attached to at least one MEMS actuator to achieve in-plane motion of the mirror (moves parallel to a plane of said at least one waveguide). In one implementation, the MEMS actuator is embodied as a known comb drive actuator. The phase adjustment techniques of the present invention may be employed in various optical devices, including wavelength selective optical switches that support multiple optical channels.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for fault localization in an optical network using time trend correlation of end node performance parameters and intermediate node performance parameters, such as QoS and quasi-Q factors, respectively. The method and apparatus are bit-rate and protocol independent, enabling testing for each channel of a diverse dense wavelength division multiplexed traffic system using a single set of hardware.

Abstract: An apparatus in one example comprises one or more information sender components that upon engagement of a communication device with a communication session that involves a plurality of communication devices, send to one or more information receiver components identification information of two or more communication devices of the plurality of communication devices and the communication device.

Abstract: The probability of a time out and the resulting waste of channel capacity in a communication system is decreased by controlling the length of the time out period so as to minimize the number of time outs that occur. The length of the time out is based on the sum of the average channel delay and four times the deviation in the channel delay. A delay is introduced into the communication channel so as to increase the deviation in the channel delay. This results in an increase in the length of time required for a time out. As a result, the number of time outs is drastically decreased which in turn decreases the number of wasteful ramp up times that results in a more efficient use of channel capacity.

Abstract: The invention comprises a method and apparatus for managing adjunct access and leased facilities in network management systems. The invention advantageously provides a continuous circuit by opportunistically using cross connect links to represent the connection of managed and non-managed portions of a circuit.

Abstract: The per antenna capacity of each of the transmitter antennas in a MIMO system are individually determined from measurable information at the receiver end. Specifically, the channel capacity for each individual transmitter antenna is calculated at the receiver end as a function of measurable channel coefficients (also known as channel state information), the measurable average signal-to-noise ratio, and the number of transmitter antennas. Once the per antenna capacity of each transmitter antenna is individually determined at the receiver end, the maximum transmission rate for each data stream transmitted by each transmitter antenna is determined from that individual capacity either at the receiver end and fed back to the transmitter end, or is determined at the transmitter end from the individual transmitter antenna capacities that are fed back by the receiver end to the transmitter end. A modulation scheme that supports each maximum transmission rate is then determined based on some defined criteria.

Abstract: In the method, a detector retrieves certain signal samples from a data frame that are accumulated in a buffer of a base station receiver. The detector generates a first metric representing a first signal sample and a second metric representing a second signal sample, and calculates a sum of the first and second metrics and a difference between the first and second metrics. A calculator uses the sum to calculate at least one threshold value, and a comparator compares the difference to the calculated threshold value to determine an on-time error for the frame. Based on the determined on-time error, an adjuster adjusts timing for the on-time error, and feeds back an on-time error correction to the buffer for subsequently received data frames.

Abstract: An algorithm calculates a correction value to be applied to a slot in an adjustment period for power correction. For each slot, the algorithm determines whether adding a correction value in a given slot would bring the actual accumulative adjustment value closer or farther from a total desired power correction value for the adjustment period. In one embodiment, the correction value is added to consecutive slots in the adjustment period to conduct the correction as fast as possible. The algorithm also checks the total amount of adjustment applied to the slots over a sliding adjustment window within the adjustment period to make sure that the total amount of adjustment applied to the slots in the adjustment window do not exceed a predetermined maximum threshold.

Abstract: An apparatus in one example comprises a management component that handles information storage to one or more storage locations of a database. The one or more storage locations comprise one or more available locations that are free of allocation to any particular variable. The management component maps one or more variables of one or more client applications to respective one or more selected locations of the one or more available locations.

Abstract: An optical device having a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) coupled to an optical filter, which device may be used for optical performance monitoring. One embodiment of the invention provides an optical regenerator/monitor (RM), in which an SOA is used both for optical regeneration of a communication signal applied to the RM and for evaluation of the quality of that signal. The RM has (i) a 2R regenerator, which includes the SOA and an optical filter, and (ii) a relatively simple signal processor configured to receive optical signals from two or more sampling points located at the regenerator. In one configuration, the processor evaluates the quality of the communication signal by comparing optical power tapped from the input and output of the regenerator. The RM, so configured, can be used, for example, to monitor chromatic dispersion and/or optical noise in the communication signal.

Abstract: A system for and method of implementing a backoff protocol and a computer network incorporating the system or the method. In one embodiment, the system includes: (1) a client subsystem that generates a request for access to a shared resource and (2) a server subsystem that receives the request, returns a LOCKED indicator upon an expectation that the shared resource is unavailable and otherwise returns a FREE indicator, the client subsystem responding to the LOCKED indicator by waiting before regenerating the request for the access.

Abstract: The message waiting notification update system is operable in the serving Mobile Switching Center and, upon receipt of a message-waiting acknowledgement from the mobile subscriber station, updates the local copy of the subscriber's data in the Visited Location Register and forwards this information to the subscriber's Home Location Register. The Home Location Register stores this received data for use when the next successive Registration Notification is received from a new serving Mobile Switching Center or in response to the subscriber initiating a local access. When the serving Mobile Switching Center receives a Registration Notification message return result from the subscriber's Home Location Register and the message waiting notification count is the same as the count previously sent to the Home Location Register, the serving Mobile Switching Center does not have to transmit a message waiting notification over the forward control channel to the mobile subscriber station.

Abstract: A complete User Datagram Protocol (CUDP) is disclosed that reduces packet loss. Channel frame error information is used with a packet level forward error correction (FEC) coding technique to accommodate wireless multimedia traffic. Each packet, as well as the channel frame error information, is forwarded to a given application. The CUDP protocol further assists the FEC decoding process by forwarding the locations of corrupted frames to the FEC decoder. Maximal Distance Separable (MDS) codes can be applied to a group of packets, to achieve additional robustness. An MDS decoder utilizes the frame error information to recognize the erasures within each packet. The error information can be represented as a set of LTU error indicators associated with each packet (for FEC decoders requiring an erasure indicator). The error indicators point to the starting and ending location of the erroneous data. The error information can also be represented as a reformatted packet (for FEC decoders Recognizing Erasures).

Abstract: A plurality of local network groups of computers (102) are coupled together by a network (104). Independent processing systems that execute a single operating system are coupled together by a network (220) to form the local network groups. The independent processing systems may have more than one CPU (202). One or more of the independent processing systems may share power, cooling and a housing, thereby forming a common fault processor group (200). An application is written to execute across multiple independent processing systems and common fault processor groups. That is, the application runs in many instances that each run on independent processing systems. The multiple instances of the application provide some measure of high availability by using N+K sparing or the like. The application is for example, call processing or radio control. A processor notification list (304) keeps track of the independent processing systems that cooperatively provide an application.

Abstract: An InP on-chip polarization splitter is proposed base on an arrayed waveguide grating that is composed of waveguides having birefringence. The present invention also performs channel filtering and demultiplexing that is useful in WDM/DWDM applications. The required waveguide structure is formed using active-passive monolithic integration platforms, providing the integration of the polarization splitter with active devices as well as passive devices.

Abstract: A monolithic waveguide/MEMS switch is disclosed that has a waveguide portion and a MEMS mirror portion fabricated on a single substrate, such as a as a silicon-on-insulator wafer. The monolithic waveguide/MEMS switch adjusts the phase of an optical signal by varying the position of one or more moveable mirrors. The mirror portion includes a mirror having a reflective surface that is attached to at least one MEMS actuator to achieve in-plane motion of the mirror (moves parallel to a plane of said at least one waveguide). In one implementation, the MEMS actuator is embodied as a known comb drive actuator. The phase adjustment techniques of the present invention may be employed in various optical devices, including wavelength selective optical switches that support multiple optical channels.

Abstract: For use in a computer system having a bus coupled to first and second devices and network interface circuitry, a system for, and method of, allowing one of the first and second devices to communicate with a computer network via the network interface circuitry and a computer system incorporating the system or the method. In one embodiment, the system includes: (1) transport stack circuitry, coupled between the bus and the network interface circuitry, that provides socket-layer access to the network interface circuitry via the bus and (2) channel control circuitry, associated with the transport stack circuitry, that establishes unique channels for allowing peer-to-peer, socket-layer access between the first and second devices and the transport interface circuitry within the computer system.