Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for changing attributes of voice calls. During a voice call over a connection of a circuit-based network between a first station and a second station through a switching system, the switching system receives audio from the first station. The switching system also detects a code entered by the user of the first station. Upon detecting the code, the switching system changes one or more attributes of the audio received from the first station to generate audio with changed attributes. For instance, the switching system may raise or lower a volume of the audio, may raise or lower the frequency of the audio, may add or remove background tones, or change other attributes. The switching system then transmits the audio with the changed attributes to the second station.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and software are disclosed for synchronizing data among network elements of a telecommunication management network. In a data synchronization system, a mapping system receives a first data set from a first network element and receives a second data set from a second network element. The mapping system processes the first data set to identify a first object, and processes the first object based on mapping rules to identify an associated second object in the second data set, and map the first object and the second object. A comparison system then processes the first object and the second object as mapped to identify differences between the objects, and generates information indicating the differences. An alignment system processes the first object and the information indicating the differences to generate new object data used to adjust the first object stored in the first network element.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for adding attachments to voice calls. A communication system for the invention includes a file server and a switching system of a circuit-based network. During a voice call connected between a first station and a second station over the circuit-based network, the switching system detects a code entered by the user of the first station. Responsive to detecting the code, the switching system transmits a query to the file server. The file server processes the query to locate one or more files stored in the file server. The file server then transmits the located file to the switching system. The switching system plays the file to the second station over the connection for the voice call.

Abstract: A synchronization of a pilot assisted channel estimation orthogonal frequency division multiplexing can be achieved by receiving a signal containing pilot symbols, providing an initial time and frequency synchronization to the signal, phase rotating the signal across time, transforming the signal with a fast Fourier transformation, phase rotating the signal across frequency, extracting the pilot symbols and generating a channel estimator. The phase rotating across time and the phase rotating across frequency are controlled by a phase rotation controller in accordance with the channel estimator. The initial time and frequency synchronization synchronizes the signal such that intercarrier interference effects and intersymbol interference effects are negligible. The signal may include plural carrier frequencies each having an arrival timing offset and a frequency offset. The signal may also include delay spread or Doppler spread.

Abstract: A system includes an optical interferometer, an interference detector, and a controller. The optical interferometer includes a measurement arm, a reference arm, and an optical splitter. The measurement arm has a probe. The arms are coupled to receive light from the optical splitter and to cause light outputted by the arms to interfere. The interference detector is coupled to receive a portion of the interfering light to determine information representative of a location, an orientation, or a velocity of a portion of the patient or animal from the received light. The controller is coupled to receive the information and to adjust data collection on the animal or patient in a manner responsive to a change in a relative location, orientation, or velocity between the probe and the portion of the animal or patient.

Abstract: Apparatus and method is described for using a silicon photon-counting avalanche photodiode (APD) to detect at least two-photon absorption (TPA) of an optical signal, the optical signal having a wavelength range extending from 1.2 ?m to an upper wavelength region that increases as the number of photons simultaneously absorbed by the APD increases beyond two. In one embodiment, the TPA count is used by a signal compensation apparatus to reduce dispersion of a received optical pulse communication signal subjected to group velocity dispersion, polarization mode dispersion, or other signal impairment phenomena which effect the TPA count. Another embodiment, the TPA count is used to determine the optical signal-to-noise ratio of a received optical pulse communication signal. Another embodiment uses the TPA count to determine the autocorrelation between a first and second optical pulse signals as a function of the relative delay between the first and second optical pulse signals.

Abstract: The present invention focuses on the aggregation of flows belonging to different classes of non-guaranteed-delay traffic into a single FIFO queue in a downstream stage of the multi-stage switch. These include the guaranteed flows requiring bandwidth reservation, the best-effort flows that require a fair share of the excess bandwidth, and the flows that require both types of guarantee. We disclose a credit-based backpressure scheme which selectively controls the traffic originating from the previous stage of the system while achieving the goal of meeting the requirements of the individual flows. The credit function is maintained for each controlled traffic component in the aggregate session, and its objective is to balance the actual arrival rate of the component with the service rate dynamically granted by the downstream scheduler. The number of flows that can be aggregated is related to the complexity of maintaining the credit functions for the different traffic components.

Abstract: A method and apparatus enhancing the security of an encrypted cryptographic key by storing its key re-transforming information in a decryption store that is separate from a cryptographic key store, which stores the encrypted cryptographic key, from which accessing circuitry is able to access the encrypted cryptographic key. The cryptographic key store may be a disk drive of a computer, the decryption store may be a network access card installed in that computer or a mobile terminal coupled to that computer, and the accessing circuitry may be the computer's controller. Decryption of the encrypted cryptographic key is carried out in the decryption store, as is the subsequent encryption or decryption using the decrypted cryptographic key.

Abstract: A new algorithm for clock offset estimation for resources distributed across a network (such as the Internet). By exchanging a sequence of time-stamped messages between pairs of network nodes and separately estimating variable delays for each message direction, present inventive embodiments provide estimates for clock offset between node pairs and the bias of such estimates, thereby to permit more accurate correction. Present inventive algorithms operate in a variety of peer and server network configurations while providing significant improvement in convergence speed and accuracy.

Abstract: A method for reliably transmitting signaling information is provided. One type of signaling information is transmitted over a primary control channel. The signaling information that is to be transmitted over the primary control channel is defined as a set of particular information. Other signaling information are conveyed over a secondary control channel. Prior to transmission, the information to be conveyed over the secondary channel is scrambled in accordance with a particular scrambling procedure that indicates the information that is to be sent over the primary control channel. The scrambling is thus used to encode the information content of the primary control channel into the information of the secondary control channel thereby further protecting the integrity of the information being conveyed over both control channels.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optical waveguide device, a method for manufacturing an optical waveguide device, and a method for manufacturing an optical communications device. In an advantageous embodiment, the optical waveguide device includes a contrasting material located within an optical substrate. The contrasting material, thus, forms at least a portion of the optical core.

Abstract: A method of transferring a call established between a first communications device and a second communications device from the second communications device to a third communications device. The method includes negotiating media description between the first communications device and the third communications device to establish a transferred call capable of handling media which can be different than that handled by the original call.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring the group delay of a device are provided. The temporal and spectral intensities of optical pulses are measured after propagation in the device and the group delay of the device is determined using the measured intensities.

Abstract: Systems for, and method of, determining propagation characteristics of a photonic structure having a transverse N-fold symmetry. In one embodiment, a system includes: (1) a numerical analyzer that employs a leading order of a systematic homogenization expansion having multiple scales to develop an angularly averaged indexed profile for the photonic structure and (2) a leading order corrector, associated with the numerical analyzer, that further employs the homogenization expansion to refine an imaginary part of an effective index of refraction of the photonic structure.

Abstract: The cellular call redirection system enables a subscriber to redirect all incoming calls directed to the subscriber's cellular telephone to an automated message system for a predetermined period of time. In addition, the calling party is connected to a voice announcement system which plays a message to the calling party to inform the calling party that the call has been redirected and provides information regarding the time remaining before the call redirection feature is automatically deactivated. This provides the calling party with an indication of the future time at which the subscriber is likely to be available to receive incoming calls. In addition, the cellular call redirection system maintains a count or queue of redirected incoming calls to thereby enable the subscriber to determine the number and identity of the calling parties who have attempted to contact the subscriber during the period that this feature has been activated.

Abstract: A timing circuit for a receiver adapted for receiving data packet transmissions, each packet having a particular data frequency, the timing circuit comprising: (a) a clock generating circuit for generating a clock signal derived from a local reference clock signal and not from received data packets; and (b) a phase shifter circuit for synchronizing the phase of the clock signal to that of the particular data frequency

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for prioritizing a store-and-forward message in a store-and-forward data communication system. A store-and-forward data communication system is provided according to an embodiment of the invention. The store-and-forward data communication system includes a priority system configured to generate a priority level for a store-and-forward message. The store-and-forward data communication system further includes a store-and-forward network that is configured to receive a request that requests priority processing and transmitting of the store-and-forward message, obtain the priority level from the priority system in response to the message request, and transmit the store-and-forward message according to the priority level.

Abstract: Methods and systems to provide proximity based communication between users of proximity communication devices (“PCD”). A localized communication network is established by peer-to-peer communication between PCDs. Each PCD communicates with other PCDs in a localized, peer-to-peer network structure. Each PCD is identified to other PCDs in its own localized area by its geographical position (i.e., its relative proximity to each other PCD). A user may therefore establish communications with another user based upon the other user's proximity or location relative to the first user's PCD rather than a fixed ID code such as a phone number or address. No centralized server or telephony network system is required for each PCD to communicate with another PCD. Well known protocols for call connection may be adapted for use in establishing, operating, and terminating connections between PCDs.

Abstract: Apparatus and a method for serving telecommunications customers, using the transmission capabilities of a Packet Network. A customer having Customer Premises Equipment (CPE) that includes a Customer Premises Equipment (CPE)/Gateway for communicating with a Packet Network, is connected to a port of the Packet Network. The customer is connected to the Gateway of a Home Switch via the Packet Network, and is also connected to Gateways of one or more Guest Switches. The customer has telephone numbers in the Home Switch and each of the Guest Switches. Callers can call the customer as if that customer were directly served by the Home Switch or any of the Guest Switches. Advantageously, the customer and callers to that customer are billed only for the short, usually local, call rate from the selected Home or Guest Switch. Advantageously, the customer can make outgoing calls dynamically via any of the Guest Switches.

Abstract: Telecommunication system, with a communication network (1), and a database (10), accessible through the network (1), the database (10) comprising telephone numbers (60), and associated with a telephone number a location identification (70), each location identification (70) comprising a primary geographical location identifier (71) and a secondary geographical location identifier (72), wherein the primary geographical location identifier (71) is an identifier of an area (I–VI) of the network (1), such as a postal code, and the secondary geographical location identifier (72) is an identifier of the geographical location associated with the corresponding telephone number (60), such as a geographical place name.