Abstract: A new technique for fast alternate-path automatic rerouting of labeled data packets normally routed over a predetermined primary label switched path upon failure or congestion in the primary path.

Abstract: The invention addresses a micro-electro-mechanical (MEMS) device, or an array of such devices, for use in an optical communication system and a method of manufacture therefore. An embodiment of the device includes a moveable element support structure, a moveable element and torsional members that couple the moveable element support structure and the moveable element and allow the moveable element to gimbal with respect to the support structure. The inventive device includes torsional members that are substantially free of corrosion thereby producing a device with improved response characteristics. The method includes using an etchant that substantially inhibits corrosion of the torsional members.

Abstract: Techniques for watermarking structured data, such as map data are addressed. These techniques advantageously allow the detection of an unauthorized copy of the original data and to track the source of the unauthorized copy based upon a variety of opportunities to access the unauthorized copy. For example, in an Internet context, an unauthorized copy of a map may be provided to online customers so that they can make queries such as the distance between two driving destinations. Having such access, copies can be detected and traced to the original purchaser of the map.

Abstract: A traffic reporting system and method utilizes wireless technology to efficiently provide traffic information specifically targeted to the user of a wireless unit, such as a cellular phone. Traffic information is detected and received, for a designated region, from a plurality of sensors. Traffic flow information within the designated region is then calculated based upon the sensed information. Finally, the traffic flow information is output to a wireless unit upon the wireless unit entering the designated region. As such, the traffic information can be effectively transmitted to the user through the wireless unit. It can be particularly targeted to the user when entering a particular designated region, such as a cell for example, to advise of heavy traffic within the region.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for reducing intra-channel distortions of received data resulting from non-linear signal propagation includes parallel detection subcircuits for determining output values of sequentially provided optical data bits such that each of the sequentially provided optical data bits is processed by only one of the parallel detection subcircuits. Two parallel detection subcircuits process the input optical data bits according to even valued and odd valued clock signals. Each subcircuit has first and second signal analyzers to detect the value of the input optical data bit and a first memory unit and a second memory unit connected to the first and second signal analyzers. The input value of clock information provided to the first and second memory units of the first parallel subcircuit are 180° out of phase with input values indicative of a clock speed provided to the second parallel subcircuit.

Abstract: A protocol identifier, such as, a GTP version identifier, is automatically cached in association with device contact information. Setup latency is reduced for subsequent connections. For instance, the cache indicates that a GGSN only supports GTPV0. An SGSN attempts to create a PDP context with the GGSN using GTPV0 without first trying GTPV1. If the cache does not include a version identifier for an APN IP address, the SGSN tries to create a context with a first version (e.g., GTPV1) and, if necessary, a second version (e.g., GTPV0). An identifier associated with the successful protocol is stored in the cache in association with the contact information (e.g., APN or APN IP address). Freshness of cached information is assured. For example, when all tunnels associated with an APN IP address are torn down, a flush timer is started. If the timer expires, the cache entry is removed.

Abstract: Techniques and systems for planning of wireless networks are described. A system according to an aspect of the present invention receives inputs describing traffic statistics for a wireless network and computes network specifications. The system uses the traffic statistics and network specifications as inputs to a computationally tractable model used to compute parameters for the user level performance of the wireless network. The model may suitably be a processor sharing queuing model. The model employed by the planning system allows analytical solution for the desired user level parameters, given the characteristics and conditions entered as inputs and the intended network layout characteristics. Once a set of user level performance parameters has been computed, the values of the parameters are examined to determine if they meet predetermined requirements, in an iterative process continuing until a set of specifications has been developed that produces parameters meeting the requirements.

Abstract: Apparatus for filtering an optical input signal includes a coupler and an arrayed waveguide grating connected to the coupler having a phase shifting region. The phase shifting region is a back wall of a free space region of the arrayed waveguide grating with concentric image and reflector surfaces. Radial waveguides between the surfaces are divided into alternating regions of wider and thinner sets of waveguides. A corresponding change in optical length alters the phase of the input signal which forces an output signal of a desired wavelength to appear at a desired port of the filter.

Abstract: A method and system for interworking between communications equipment based on different protocols allows communications service providers to use more than one technology in their networks. For example, Mobile Application Part (MAP) messages of TIA-41 are interworked to corresponding messages of the Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM), and GSM MAP messages are interworked to corresponding TIA-41 MAP messages. An inter technology bridge translates location and routing messages between, for example, an originating mobile switching center (MSC) based on a first technology (e.g., TIA-41 or GSM) and a home location register (HLR) based on a second technology (e.g., GSM or TIA-41). The ITB may include one or more databases for storing information useful for generating attributes or parameters required in an output message that cannot be directly generated from information supplied in an associated input message.

Abstract: Techniques and systems for managing transmissions from a TCP source by regulating the flow of acknowledgement signals to the TCP source are described. An acknowledgement signal regulator monitors a data queue used to buffer data packets received from the TCP source and an acknowledgement signal queue used to store acknowledgement signals to be transmitted to the TCP source. An acknowledgement signal release manager determines the available space in the data queue and the expected number of data packets arriving at the data queue, and manages the release of acknowledgement signals from the acknowledgement signal queue to the TCP source so as to prevent an undesired overflow of the data queue resulting from the arrival of an excessive number of data packets from the TCP source.

Abstract: Apparatus for enclosing a plurality of fiber optic cables in a sealed environment includes a housing, a lid, a hollow body projecting from the housing, at least one grommet disposed in the hollow body for securing one or more fiber optic cables in an orifice accessed by a slit provided therein and a cap disposed in front of the hollow body to compress the grommet and seal components passing through the grommet into the housing. The grommet is a single body with a plurality of orifices for receiving a plurality of fiber optic cables or a plurality of individually formed grommets each having one orifice.

Abstract: Disclosed is a surrogate service attendant for ensuring invocation of services subscribed to by users of mobile-terminal equipment which are unattached or unregistered. When a call for an unattached/unregistered user mobile-telephone equipment (UE) is received by a wireless communication network, the surrogate service attendant will ensure invocation of the user's service subscriptions according to a set of service handling instructions. The service handling instructions may be issued by an application server, which is operable to execute service logic programs for various value added services.

Abstract: An optical device for performing at least one Boolean logic operation. The optical device has at least a first and second input signal and at least one output signal. The optical device includes at least one interferometer for receiving the at least a first and second input signals. The device also has at least one optical amplifier for creating a phase difference between the first and second inputs to generate the output signal to perform at least one Boolean logic operation.

Abstract: Audible ring, which is provided to all line appearances, is detected and used to determine whether or not a far end party has answered, i.e., answer supervision, for equipment connected to the line appearance which requires answer supervision for proper operation. The line appearance is monitored to detect ringing tone received at the line appearance within a first period of time from call origination. If ringing tone is not detected at the line appearance within the first period of time, receipt of answer supervision is indicated. If ringing tone is detected at the line appearance within the first period of time, the timing for the first period of time is canceled and timing for a second period of time is started from the cancellation of timing for the first time period.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, an electroplating solution is provided for electroplating satin bright tin-copper alloy solder coatings at high speed. The preferred solution comprises sulfonic acid, tin sulfonate, copper sulfonate, non-ionic surfactant, satin brightener and an antioxidant catechol. The preferred surfactant is polyoxyethylene-block-polyoxypropylene. The preferred satin brightener is formed by the oxidation of an aqueous solution of 1-phenyl-3-parazolidinone. The preferred sulfonic acid is methanesulfonic acid.

Abstract: A compact antenna and a communication unit having the same comprises one or more input feeds and one or more sets of elements. Each set of elements is coupled to one or more of the input feeds, and each set of elements has a property that input signals applied to input feeds coupled to the set of elements causes a directed beam to be emitted. At least one given element of the set or sets of elements has a largest dimension, and a smallest wavelength to be emitted from the antenna is larger than the largest dimension for the given element. The antenna is adapted to simultaneously transmit the input signals, and generally more than two input signals. When a concentration region for a directed beam is large enough, more than one degree of freedom can be contained in the concentration region. Techniques are presented for designing the compact antenna.

Abstract: The method for transferring data sends the data as part of the expanded portion of an expanded permanent identifier which is associated with an end user in a communication system. The expanded permanent identifier is sent along with another permanent identifier, also associated with the end user, during a communication procedure prior to establishing a traffic channel in the communication system. The other permanent identifier includes routing information to a home system forming part of the communication system. Based at least in part on recognizing the other permanent identifier, a home system sends at least the expanded permanent identifier to a destination entity. The destination entity extracts the data from the expanded permanent identifier. In this manner, a traffic channel does not need to be established to transmit the data.

Abstract: A MEMS optical switch includes a movable cantilevered beam with a waveguide corresponding to one port of the switch. The beam is designed for in-plane motion and can be deflected, e.g., using a three-electrode motion actuator having one electrode on each side of the beam, which itself acts as the third electrode. The beam moves toward a side electrode in response to a voltage difference applied between the beam and that electrode. The beam has two terminal positions, each defined by a stopper. At each terminal position, a bumper portion of the beam is pushed against a corresponding stopper, which aligns the waveguide in the beam with one of two stationary waveguides, each corresponding to a port of the switch. The MEMS switch may be fabricated using a single silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer.

Abstract: A method for allocating utilization of multiple carriers in a wideband CDMA transmission system first determines the carrier utilization/interference levels for each of the multiple carriers. Based on the carrier utilization/interference level, carrier assignments are allocated on an unequal basis. The allocation of the carrier assignment biases the selection of the carriers away from higher utilized/interfered carriers. An apparatus for implementing the method is also described.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for synthesizing speech from text whereby the speech may be generated in a manner so as to effectively convey a particular, selectable style. Repeated patterns of one or more prosodic features—such as, for example, pitch, amplitude, spectral tilt, and/or duration—occurring at characteristic locations in the synthesized speech, are advantageously used to convey a particular chosen style. For example, one or more of such feature patterns may be used to define a particular speaking style, and an illustrative text-to-speech system then makes use of such a defined style to adjust the specified parameter or parameters of the synthesized speech in a non-uniform manner (i.e., in accordance with the defined feature pattern or patterns).