Abstract: An interference protection system includes a receiving section for receiving an electromagnetic signal, a detector for detecting a jamming signal, and a control system for orienting a changeable null direction of an antenna system to reduce interference in a receiver from the jamming signal.

Abstract: A radio resource method and apparatus involves allocating transmission channels to and from a node (26) based on the system load requirement. The load requirement is determined from the quality of service requirement which, in turn, is assessed from the data rate, the bit energy to noise power ratio and the signal classification produced by a converter and sorter (38) in response to signal transmission requests. A maximum load generator (40) delivers the maximum load from these parameters. A core calculator and assignor (42) performs a predetermined algorithm on the outputs of the converter and sorter (38) and the maximum load generator (40) and in response thereto controls a channel selector (30) which selects the channels to and from node (26).

Abstract: A mirror, or an array of mirrors, for use in a micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) optical device. The mirror includes a mirror substrate having a loss-reducing layer located over a first or second side thereof, and a light reflective optical layer located over the loss-reducing layer. The inventive mirror reduces undesirable Fabry-Perot interferrometric optical loss through minimizing the extent of multiple reflections within the MEMS mirror substrate.

Abstract: A dynamic shortest path tree (SPT) algorithm for a router determines a new SPT for a root node in response to a link-state or other network topology change. The dynamic SPT algorithm determines the new SPT as an optimization problem in a linear programming framework based in an existing SPT in the router. The dynamic SPT algorithm emulates maximum decrement of a ball and string model by iteratively selecting nodes of the existing SPT for consideration and update of parent node, child nodes, and distance attributes based on the maximum decrement. For the maximum decrement, a node in the existing SPT is selected by each iteration based on the greatest potential decrease (or least increase) in its distance attribute. The ball and string model that may be employed for the dynamic SPT algorithm represents a network of nodes and links with a ball representing a node and a string representing a link or edge. The length of a string is defined by its link's weight.

Abstract: A method is described for providing an improved multiplier/accumulator which utilizes less processing resources than such devices which are known in the prior art. The methodology operates to utilize the processing resources of a multiplier-accumulator combination on a cooperative basis, with the result that at least one adder stage in such a combination can be eliminated. The method includes the processing by the accumulator of certain terms that would otherwise be processed by the multiplier.

Abstract: In an all optical switch an imaging system is interposed between the micro lens array and the moveable micro mirrors of a MEMS device to which, or from which, the light beams are directed. This causes an image of the micro lens array to be formed at the MEMS device, or vice-versa, thus effectively eliminating the distance between the micro lens array and the MEMS device. The imaging system may be a telecentric system. The size of the arrangement may be reduced by compacting the optical path, e.g., using appropriate conventional mirrors, and/or employing folded arrangements, i.e., arrangements in which there is only one MEMS device stage that does double duty for both input and output through the use of at least one conventional mirror. The overall system is arranged to account for any inversions introduced.

Abstract: In accordance with the invention, a electromechanical optical modulator comprising an optical membrane, a substrate and Fabry-Perot air gap between them is provided with an improved structure for controlling light transmitted into the substrate. Specifically, an etched and coated cavity is formed in the backwall of the substrate underlying the air gap to receive transmitted light and redirect it onto controllable paths within the substrate. Advantageously the substrate is silicon, and the cavity is produced by anisotropic etching.

Abstract: A provisioning system includes an interactive display that provides graphical feedback to a craft worker, or user. The interactive display indicates to the user possible provisioning schemes and may also indicate actually provisioned paths. Graphical templates provide a visual indication of provisioning topologies and a variety of interactive display techniques, such as pull down menus, dialog boxes, color coding, icons, and affordances, for example, may be employed in conjunction with the graphical templates to provide visual cues regarding network provisioning to a user. A wizard may be employed to step a user through the provisioning process.

Abstract: The present invention provides a receiver for correcting frequency errors in a receiver of a coherently demodulated communication system, whereby two simultaneous counts are performed for a plurality of symbol comprising an incoming packet of information. In particular, a first count is performed where a counter increases or decreases based on the comparison of symbol phases from outputs of two components of the receiver. Simultaneously, a second counter increments sequentially for each symbol processed. A frequency increment or correction is applied when the first counter reaches a threshold, resetting the first and second counters for subsequent symbols. The receiver may reduce frequency offset estimation errors which degrade channel performance, as compared to algorithms currently utilized to correct frequency errors in wireless communications networks and/or systems. Moreover, a significant improvement in packet error rate may be attainable in accordance with the aforementioned receiver.

Abstract: An electro-optic device for use in wavelength division multiplexed systems. The device comprises a layer structure having two adjustable air gaps. Optical response of the device can be changed by adjusting spacings of the air gaps. The device can be used as an optical power equalizer in wavelength division multiplexed systems.

Abstract: A network node having a shared memory buffer for the temporary storage of data packets is configured to implement a push out technique for implementing different loss priorities among traffic classes. When a data packet is stored in a connection queue in the buffer, a weighted queue length associated with that connection queue is incremented by a weight value associated with the connection. When a data packet is removed from a connection queue, the weighted queue length associated with that connection queue is decremented by the weight value associated with the connection. When a data packet arrives at the network node but there is not enough room in the buffer, a data packet is removed from the connection queue having the maximum weighted queue length to make room in the buffer for the newly arrived data packet. Loss priorities are implemented by the appropriate provisioning of weights to traffic classes and by appropriate initialization of weighted queue lengths.

Abstract: An electromechanical vice includes a support structure, a component moveable with respect to the support structure, and a piezoelectric device mechanically coupled to both the support structure and the component. The piezoelectric device includes a polycrystalline body and electrodes located on the body. The body has a composition with a stoichiometry described by [Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3](1−x) [PbTiO3]x. The value of x is in the range of about 0.31 to about 0.47.

Abstract: An optical transmission system is formed to include an optical phase conjugator at alternate repeater sites to minimize the presence of four-wave mixing and other Kerr effect nonlinearities in systems using optical fiber transmission paths (particularly in systems using DWDM and launching relatively high power signals into the low dispersion fiber). Raman gain is included in each fiber span (or in alternate fiber spans) so as to provide a “negative absorption” along the length of the fiber and thereby provide for essentially symmetrical power distribution along the length of each span, where the presence of such a symmetric,power distribution on each side of an optical phase conjugator has been found to significantly improve its performance.

Abstract: A codeword synthesizing system and a correlation system for use with a spread spectrum communications system. In one embodiment, the codeword synthesizing system typically associated with a transmitter includes a base sequence generating subsystem, a modifier sequence generating subsystem and a concatenating subsystem. The base sequence generating subsystem is configured to create base sequences having a length less than a synthesized codeword. The modifier sequence generating subsystem is configured to create a modifier sequence, and the concatenating subsystem is configured to produce the synthesized codeword by multiplying each of the base sequences by an element of the modifier sequence. In one embodiment, the correlation system typically associated with a receiver includes a partial correlating subsystem, a memory subsystem and a combining subsystem. The partial correlating subsystem correlates base sequences of a synthesized codeword to a template and derives multiple partially correlated resultants.

Abstract: An adaptive wireless communication device employable in a wireless communication network having a base station and a method of operating the same. In one embodiment, the adaptive wireless communication device includes communication circuitry configured to transmit and receive messages. The adaptive wireless communication device also includes a relay coordinator configured to provide an adaptive relay path in cooperation with the base station for a message associated with a wireless communication device as a function of a characteristic of the message.

Abstract: A natural language-based interface data presentation system interfaces, for example, information visualization system interfaces, is realized by employing so-called open-ended natural language inquiries to the interface that translates them into database queries and a set of information to be provided to a user. More specifically, a natural language inquiry is translated to database queries by determining if any complete database queries can be formulated based on the natural language inquiry and, if so, specifying which complete database queries are to be made. In accordance with one aspect of the invention, knowledge of the information visualization presentation is advantageously employed in the interface to guide a user in response to the user's natural language inquiries.

Abstract: A communications node admits the receive data message to the buffer memory if the receive arriving message falls within the capacity range of a class of the receive data messages and if the buffer memory is not congested. A state detector detects if the buffer memory is congested by evaluating the occupancy rate of the buffer memory, or otherwise. The capacity range determines the utilization of buffer memory by a particular class of data messages, which may be defined in accordance with an estimated economic value rating of the data messages.

Abstract: The present invention relates to fiber optics. In this regard, embodiments of the invention may be construed as providing interconnection systems for optical media. An embodiment of the present invention includes an optical circuit pack assembly, an optical circuit board, a child board, an optical device having a front end and a back end, an optical connector, and an optical connector mechanism. As such, the optical device is mounted on the child board and the child board is in turn slidably affixed to the optical circuit board. The optical connector is mounted on the optical circuit pack assembly such that as an operator inserts the optical circuit board into the optical circuit pack assembly, the optical connector and optical device are obscured from view. Operation of the optical connector mechanism causes the child board to move along a longitudinal axis of the child board, thereby causing the optical connector and the optical device to become operably engaged.

Abstract: A Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (“UMTS”) is modified to provide location-determining services similar to Wireless-Assisted-GPS (“WAG”) services to mobiles without requiring the deployment of a GPS receiver inside the UMTS network. The resulting network is known as a UMTS Network Assisted GPS (“UNAG”) network. A UNAG network is created by deploying a UNAG server inside a UMTS network. The UNAG server provides WAG-like services to mobiles. Only one UNAG server is needed in an entire system, allowing the cost of the UNAG server to be amortized over a number of Mobile Switching Centers (“MSCs”) in the UMTS network. The UNAG server provides excellent location-prediction accuracy and reduces the amount of time required to determine the location of a mobile in a UMTS network.

Abstract: A method and arrangement for providing prepaid calling card services to a calling party is disclosed. Near the end of value of a prepaid calling card account, the calling and called parties to a connection are split and the calling party is given the opportunity to increase the value of his or her prepaid calling card account. If the account is increased the call continues using the increased value. Alternatively, if the account is not increased the connection is dropped.