Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method of call rejection provided for use in connection with a data network. It includes establishing a point-of-presence which serves as a termination point for receiving calls from clients. Received calls are then multiplexed into a tunnel as separate identifiable tunnel sessions. The tunnel sessions are received at a network server of the data network. Next, it is determined for each tunnel session if access to the data network is to be denied. If access is denied, then a call rejection message is returned to the point-of-presence via the tunnel. In a preferred embodiment, the call rejection message identifies the tunnel session which is denied access and a reason for denial such that at the point-of-presence appropriate action may be taken in response thereto. In the case of suspected intrusion by an unauthorized entity, this action involves a form of deterrent and/or surveillance.

Abstract: One method includes epitaxially growing a layer of group III-nitride semiconductor under growth conditions that cause a growth surface to be rough. The method also includes performing an epitaxial growth of a second layer of group III-nitride semiconductor on the first layer under growth conditions that cause the growth surface to become smooth. The two-step growth produces a lower density of threading defects. Another method includes epitaxially growing a layer of group III-nitride semiconductor on a lattice-mismatched crystalline substrate and then, chemically treating a growth surface of the layer to selectively electrically passivate defects that thread the layer.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for extracting speech features from a speech signal in which the linear frequency spectrum data, as generated, for example, by a conventional frequency transform, is first converted to logarithmic frequency spectrum data having frequency data distributed on a substantially logarithmic (rather than linear) frequency scale. Then, a plurality of digital auditory filters is applied to the resultant logarithmic frequency spectrum data, each of these filters having a substantially similar shape, but centered at different points on the logarithmic frequency scale. Because each of the filters have a similar shape, the feature extraction approach of the present invention advantageously can be easily modified or tuned by adjusting each of the filters in a coordinated manner, with the adjustment of only a handful of filter parameters.

Abstract: A device and method of unitarily forming an electrically shielded panel for use in electromagnetically sealing an opening defined in an electronic enclosure. The unitary electrically shielded panel is formed of an electrically non-conductive rigid thermoplastic panel part and a substantially planar, electrically conductive elastomeric gasket bonded together to form the unitary panel in a single tool during a single injection-molding operation.

Abstract: A method of determining an optimal path from a source node to a destination node over a number of links in an information network having n nodes. Each link has an associated cost-delay function, the optimal path is constrained to an overall delay of D, and a total cost of all links along the path is to be minimized at a value OPT. The method includes maintaining a range [L, U] for OPT, wherein L is a lower bound and U is an upper bound, and setting initial values for L and U. A cost value V is set corresponding to {square root over (U·L)}, and a scaled cost c′ is derived for each link wherein c′ corresponds to cn/V&egr;, c is an actual cost for each link, and &egr;>0. If a feasible path having a delay of at most D and a total cost of at most V is found not to exist, then the value of L is increased to V, a new cost value V is set and the link costs c′ are further scaled. The values of L and U are reset until U/L<2 and a feasible path continues to exist.

Abstract: An Automatic Location Identification (ALI) system for cellular telephone networks, along with a pseudo Automatic Number Identification (ANI) typically representing a particular face of a cell tower receiving an emergency call, compares the electromagnetic footprint of the call to stored field strength data to ascertain the coordinates of a small polygon subsuming the location of the caller. Along with connecting the emergency call to the emergency (i.e., “911”) dispatch center, the system also transmits the caller's Directory Number (DN), the cell tower location, and the coordinates of the location polygon. This approach gives the emergency dispatch center a more definite location than prior art approaches which only provide a large triangular area based on a cell tower face as the location region of the caller. It can also serve as a back-up to more sophisticated resource-intensive approaches using signal time differentials and the like.

Abstract: An apparatus, method and system provide for variable encoding levels for encoding of in-band control messages in wireless telecommunication systems. In the various embodiments, ANSI-136 handoff and geolocation messages may be encoded utilizing different code rates, and are then transmitted in lieu of voice data in a fast associated control channel (FACCH). The preferred system embodiment includes a transceiver (base station) and a mobile switching center. The mobile switching center includes instructions to create a message for transmission during a communication session. When the message is necessary for continuation of the communication session, such as a handoff message, the mobile switching center includes further instructions to select a first encoding level from a plurality of encoding levels, such as a robust ¼ convolutional code, and to encode the message using the first encoding level to form the encoded message for transmission.

Abstract: The invention provides a novel burst duration assignment process that increases the performance and improves the throughput of communication systems. In particular, the invention provides an optimal burst duration assignment methodology such that resources are efficiently utilized and maximized in a communication system such as a code division multiple access (CDMA) system. According to the invention, burst duration is assigned based on channel fading fluctuation and user mobility in the communication system. In general, shorter burst duration is assigned to users with higher fading fluctuation and high mobility. Longer burst duration is assigned to users with lower fading fluctuation and low mobility. In a particular embodiment of the invention, the burst assignment is based on a function of duration versus fluctuation.

Abstract: Presence awareness initiatives are implemented in a collaborative system that enables a user to set presence awareness policies, and that provides a reasonably high assurance that the system will correctly implement those policies. Specifically, the collaborative presence awareness system is such as to enable users to specify complex presence awareness policies. The presence awareness system is also such as to have been verified by employing systematic state-space exploration tools to establish a high level of assurance that the presence awareness system has the capability to implement correctly, substantially all possible presence awareness policies. Further, in accordance with another aspect of the invention, the presence awareness policy specifications are modular relative to the rest of the presence awareness system, and can be modified without having to modify computational modules or user interface program code of the presence awareness system.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for transmitting and receiving cryptographic information which provide a mechanism for resynchronization between a transmitter and receiver of the cryptographic information. A cryptographic synchronization counter at the transmitter generates a transmitter signature tag. A corresponding cryptographic synchronization counter at the receiver generates a receiver signature tag. Information is ciphered and the transmitter signature tag is appended to the ciphered information. The ciphered information is received. The transmitter signature tag is compared to the receiver signature tag and the cipher text is decipher into plain text if the tags are equal. If the tags are not equal, the receiver crypto-sync counter is incremented and a new receiver signature tag is calculated to determine if the receiver is resynchronized (i.e., tags are equal) to the transmitter. If after a certain number of increments, resynchronization does not occur, a resynchronization procedure is initiated.

Abstract: The amount of information associated with an electronic mail message that must be transmitted from an electronic mail server to a client electronic mail application at a user's computer or workstation is reduced using a cache-based compaction technique. This technique enable a requested electronic mail message to be encoded in the server using information relating to similar objects that were previously transferred by the server to the client and that remain available to the server. Differential encoding is performed in the server such that the server transmits to the client information indicative of the differences between the requested object and the reference (similar) objects available in the server cache. A corresponding decoding operation is performed in the client, using the encoded version and reference objects available in the client cache. A similar technique is employed for encoding electronic mail messages in the client that are to be transmitted to the server.

Abstract: In order to transmit variable length encoded data in low signal to noise ratio environments, a first data pattern is added to a beginning portion of encoded data to signify a beginning of the encoded data. Further, a second data pattern is added to end portion of the encoded data to signify and end of the encoded data. Additionally, since the encoded data may naturally include the second data pattern and thereby mistakenly indicate an end of the encoded data, the encoded data is first checked for such a pattern. If the pattern is found within the encoded data, a new pattern is substituted therefore. In order to counter errors, patterns similar to the first data pattern are also substituted with new patterns. As such, a variable length encoded data can be transmitted in a low signal to noise ratio environment, and can thereafter be easily decoded.

Abstract: A base station assembles a frame including information bits at a vocoding rate for downlink transmission over a traffic channel as channel bits at a channel rate. The base station places at least one rate-indicating bit at a beginning of the frame for indicating the vocoding rate. The mobile station evaluates the downlink transmission with consideration of the vocoding rate indicated by the at least one rate-indicating bit. The mobile station can determine the vocoding rate by decoding the beginning of the frame to permit power control in less than one frame duration from initial receipt of the frame at the mobile station.

Abstract: An optical device provides optical routing functions, such as switching or redirecting of optical signals. The device utilizes one or more control light beams, which couple through a top surface of a planar substrate (via relatively small control windows) into one or more preselected regions of optical channels formed in the substrate. The presence of a control light beam at a control window increases the refractive index of the nonlinear optical medium of a portion of a channel. The portion of the channel includes a structure that functions as an on/off filter to reflect or transmit an optical signal propagating in the channel in a manner that is responsive to the intensity of the control light beam applied to the portion of the channel. In some embodiments, the optical channels interrupt a 2D PBG structure, which functions as a boundary for the optical channels.

Abstract: Physical connectivity is determined between elements such as switches and routers in a multiple subnet communication network. Each element has one or more interfaces each of which is physically linked with an interface of another network element. Address sets are generated for each interface of the network elements, wherein members of a given address set correspond to network elements that can be reached from the corresponding interface for which the given address set was generated. The members of first address sets generated for corresponding interfaces of a given network element, are compared with the members of second address sets generated for corresponding interfaces of network elements other than the given element. A set of candidate connections between an interface of the given network element and one or more interfaces of other network elements, are determined.

Abstract: In a radio telecommunications system such as GSM or EDGE, at each timeslot a small number of information symbols in narrow bands of the data payloads adjacent each tail of the timeslot are used as training-like symbols; for each burst, the end of the timeslot more affected by asynchronous CCI is sensed, and the training-like symbols at that end are processed, together with conventional midamble training symbols and tails symbols, by a CCI rejection algorithm.

Abstract: A system and method that provides a party that has been placed on hold control of music on hold. A dual-tone, multifrequency (DTMF) detector and a processor in the music on hold system monitor two-way connection. If a predefined DTMF signal is detected, the DTMF detector notifies the processor to disable the music on hold. Further, a DTMF code may be defined to cause the processor to decrease/increase the volume of the music on hold.

Abstract: An up to 3× breakdown voltage tristate capable integrated circuit CMOS buffer includes a level shifter circuit and a driver circuit. The driver stage includes a series connected n-channel and p-channel cascode stacks, each including at least three transistors. Dynamic gate biasing is provided for the third n-channel and p-channel cascode transistors to prevent voltage overstress of the cascode transistors. The level shifter circuit includes at least one pseudo N-MOS inverter including an input transistor, a protective cascode stack including at least one n-channel cascode transistor, and a load transistor. The level shifter provides at least one voltage shifted input signal to the driver.

Abstract: In a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) based wireless system, a channelization code-tree is partitioned into two sets: a permanent set and shared a shared set. Those codes in the permanent set are assigned to low data rate users for the duration of a session, or connection. Those codes in the shared set are assigned to high data rate users on a frame-by-frame basis using a downlink shared (DSCH) channel. The partition boundary between the permanent set and the shared set can be dynamically shifted based on traffic conditions.

Abstract: An optical transmission system exploits the reduced signal-to-noise (SNR) requirements for low-bit rate channels to devise a new wavelength channel allocation scheme which increases the number of channels that a WDM system can support. Wavelengths of low-bit rate channels are assigned outside a flat-gain window (i.e., flat-passband region) of the system. The channel allocation scheme uses the high-bit rate channels located in the flat-passband region of wavelengths and the lower-bit rate channels located outside this passband region with progressively lower-bit rate channels located farther outside this passband region. Low-bit rate channels are also assigned to region(s) of the passband where the non-linear threshold power level of the system may be exceeded.