Abstract: Downlink diversity in a CDMA system is provided by employing Walsh codes in conjunction with M transmit antennas at a common base station serving K mobiles, where M may or may not be to equal to K. The present invention provides methods and apparatus for improving downlink diversity in a CDMA system. Each transmit antenna transmits a signal representing the result of the modulation of Walsh codes by data signals for each of the K mobiles, assuming there is data pertaining to a particular mobile. The assignment of Walsh codes is accomplished in accordance with a transmission matrix T. The transmission matrix maps the user data symbols onto the Walsh codes for each antenna and is preferably designed such that its columns are representative of the transmit antennas and orthogonal.

Abstract: A communications system for transporting connectionless datagrams over a connection-oriented network is arranged to remove the address resolution function and the connection setup function from a sending host and combine them in a third-party connection server in conjunction with channel management at connection-oriented routing points. The third party request protocol can be used for Classical connectionless over a connection oriented network, legacy LAN emulation and Routing Over Large Clouds.

Abstract: Model checking for message sequence charts (MSCs), message sequence chart graphs and hierarchical message sequence chart graphs (HMSCs) is provided. To verify the behavior of a given MSC, MSC graph and HMSC, a specification automaton is constructed. This specification automaton specifies the undesirable executions of the model under analysis. From the model under analysis, linearizations are defined from the model and a finite test automaton is constructed from the linearizations. The test automaton and the specification automaton are combined and it is determined whether there is an execution in the intersection. Where no state in the specification automaton is reachable from the test automaton, the model is verified.

Abstract: A microphone expander attenuates background noise in a digitized microphone signal from a wireless telephone by using a loss function that exhibits hysteresis when the signal is passing through a transition range. This allows the microphone expander to apply loss more effectively because it allows for decreases in speech levels without attenuation. An attenuation level is determined using a first loss function when an averaged signal, derived from the digitized microphone signal using an algorithm that causes the averaged signal to clearly exhibit speech components in the digitized microphone signal, increases from below a lower noise threshold. However, if the averaged signal increases to above an upper speech threshold and then decreases to below that threshold, the attenuation level is determined using a different loss function, which delays introducing loss into the microphone signal as compared to the first loss function.

Abstract: The invention provides a novel methodology for increasing the performance of CDMA systems with packet data services by accommodating a variety of users with different rates. The invention operates to increase the spectrum efficiency of a wireless system by using an optimal transmission set of base transceiver stations and assigning proper data rates to efficiently utilize the radio resources. In particular, the invention operates to decrease interference so that the quality of data transmission in CDMA systems is advantageously maintained. Moreover, the invention operates to increase the allocation of bandwidth, particularly for high-speed data services. The invention provides a methodology to evaluate the data rates of different combinations of BTSs that may be in connection with a particular mobile station (MS), allocate an appropriate data rate for the MS and make allocation of system resources more efficient in a multi-user environment.

Abstract: A packet network employs flow control providing assigned rates to sessions in accordance with a general max-min (GMM) rate allocation. The GMM rate allocation accounts for the minimum cell rate and peak cell rate requirements for each session. For one case, a centralized flow control algorithm is employed that sorts sessions based on increasing minimum cell rate. The centralized flow control algorithm employs an iterative process of increasing the rate of the smallest rate session and adding sessions to the process when the smallest rate session equals the next higher rate session. The rates are increased until the rate either reaches the peak cell rate of the session or the link saturates. For a second case, a distributed flow control algorithm is employed with a distributed protocol within the network to allocate capacity of network links to sessions. For the distributed flow control algorithm, an iterative process of rate allocation uses a modified version of the Consistent Marking method.

Abstract: A method for correcting the phase and amplitude imbalance of a quadrature modulated RF signal requires that errors be induced in both amplitude, &rgr;, and in phase &phgr; in at least three different combinations in order to determine the appropriate correction value for amplitude and phase offsets &Dgr; and &thgr;e. According to a first embodiment the same &rgr; and &phgr; offsets applied in three different combinations to determine the necessary &Dgr; and &thgr;e corrections. According to a second embodiment, a fourth measurement is made in order to determine an unknown control scale factor for balance adjustments.

Abstract: A scheme is described for controlling adjacent channel crosstalk so that an optical receiver can accurately detect the presence of a signal in its respective optical channel after a loss of signal condition occurs. According to illustrative embodiments of the invention, crosstalk-induced cross-traffic is prevented so that traffic from an adjacent channel is not carried in a channel that is out of service due to a loss of signal condition. More specifically, adjacent channel crosstalk, which might otherwise exceed the receiver sensitivity threshold of the failed channel, is substantially reduced or eliminated so that a receiver will not improperly identify and lock onto an adjacent channel thereby causing the cross-traffic condition.

Abstract: A fiber splice tray for optical fiber splices capable of holding multiple single fiber splices, ribbon fiber splices and combinations thereof having a base, a plurality of adjacent opposed retention members extending upwardly from the base and a plurality of adjacent opposed extension members extending upwardly from the base in an area between opposed retention members. The opposed extension members are separated by a space for accepting at least a portion of a fiber ribbon splice and the retention members terminate in opposed arms for accepting a single fiber splice. The fiber splice tray can include an opening through the base bounded by a shelf for the fiber or ribbon extending from the splice to pass, to assist in preventing the splice from coming dislodged from the retention member.

Abstract: A wireless data network which provides communications with a Point-to-Point Protocol server is disclosed. The network includes a home network that includes a home mobile switching center, a wireless modem and one or more end system. The wireless modem and the end systems are connected together via an ethernet link. The network also includes a PPP server, wherein PPP information sent from PPP server for the end system is encapsulated buy the wireless modem in an ethernet frame and sent to the end system via the ethernet link.

Abstract: An optical router includes a capacity utilization unit which determines a packet capacity utilization level of each of a plurality of wavelengths being received at the optical router and a packet combiner unit which combines packets from the two or more wavelengths onto only one of those wavelengths for transmission from the optical router when the combined determined packet utilization level on the two or more wavelengths is less than a predetermined packet utilization level. According to one feature, the router also determines the destination of the packets on each of the wavelengths and only combines the packets of two or more wavelengths if their packets have the same next-hop router or the same termination router destination.

Abstract: An integrated wavelength router for use in a wavelength division multiplexing system is disclosed. Input waveguides deliver a plurality of optical signals to a first slab coupler which is in turn coupled to an optical grating waveguide. A second slab coupler is coupled to the output of the optical grating waveguide which is in turn coupled to output waveguides. The input and output waveguides transmit data channels of the wavelength division multiplexing system and include out-of-band signals such as a supervisory signal or a pilot signal with different channel bandwidths. WDM systems utilizing the router of the present invention can reduce power losses and therefore increase the span length of the wavelength division multiplexing system.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for simulating a component, where the component is conducting a current density, are disclosed. In one embodiment, the method includes discretizing the component into a plurality of triangular elements, and computing Green's functions descriptive of the relationship of the elements discretizing the component. In addition, the method includes computing basis functions relating to the elements, where the basis functions decompose the current density into divergence free and curl free parts, and the curl free parts are computed using a spanning tree. The method further includes combining the Green's functions and the basis functions to calculate a value representing a current density of said component. In one embodiment, the apparatus includes components configured to discretize the components, process Green's functions, compute basis functions, and combine the Green's functions and the basis functions to arrive at the value.

Abstract: Interacting call appearances are realized by enabling voice input/output to be simultaneously available on any combination of call appearances at a given time on a given terminal. Consequently, a user may, for example, listen to the voice output of one or more call appearances that are active at the terminal at a given time. Additionally, the user may direct voice input to one or more call appearances that are active at the terminal at a given time. Thus, the user, at any given time, may listen or speak to one or more parties on unrelated calls. Additionally, a user can employ more than one voice input/output device at his/her terminal. Specifically, the ability to simultaneously use more than one call appearance at a terminal at a given time is realized by separating call control from media routing and input/output control. Thus, the appearance of a call at a terminal is separated from the voice input/output that is required for the call.

Abstract: A system for providing coherent access to different versions of a group of documents stored in a file system and retrievable over the Internet from an HTTP server includes a state management server which stores registration data indicating the file paths of the documents in each version of the group and a set of index paths used by clients to reference documents in the group. State information identifying the version of said group previously accessed by a client is stored in a cookie which is associated with the domain of the state management server and the path of the group. A client requests a document from the group by issuing a request to an HTTP server including the index path of the desired document. The request and associated cookie, which is automatically transmitted by the client Internet software, is forwarded to the state management server. The state information stored in the cookie is extracted and used to determine which version of the group of documents should be accessed.

Abstract: An improved network housing device for protecting telecommunications and electrical systems disposed in the outdoors from foreign objects and influences of the weather and atmosphere comprises a dual enclosure device having an outer enclosure and an inner enclosure unit. With this dual structure, requirements imposed by outdoor use can be allocated among the outer and inner units, with the outer unit fulfilling weatherability and ultra-violet stability requirements, and the inner unit fulfilling low-flammability requirements. The device may be fabricated entirely with plastic to provide a reliable and low-cost housing.

Abstract: A memory cell of a non-volatile memory includes a tunnel oxide layer having graded portions with greatly reduced stress on a silicon substrate. The method of making the tunnel oxide preferably includes growing a first oxide portion by upwardly ramping the silicon substrate to a first temperature lower than a glass transition temperature, and exposing the silicon substrate to an oxidizing ambient at the first temperature and for a first time period. Also, the method includes growing a second oxide portion between the first oxide portion and the silicon substrate by exposing the silicon substrate to an oxidizing ambient at a second temperature higher than the glass transition temperature for a second time period. The second oxide portion may have a thickness in a range of about 2 to 50% of a total thickness of the graded, grown, tunnel oxide layer.

Abstract: A user can program the user's VCR when away from home by calling the user's home telephone number and remotely interacting with the user's telephone which is adapted for programming the VCR in accordance with the invention. A telephone answering device according to the invention thus includes an incoming call signal decoder adapted to decode a signal contained within an incoming call, and an output device adapted to output a control signal to a remotely controlled device in response to the decoded signal. In an alternative embodiment, a method of programming a video recording device includes steps of calling, from a telephone at a remote location, to a telephone answering device; and providing a programming signal to the telephone answering device, wherein the telephone answering device responds to the programming signal to program the video recording device.

Abstract: A slurry container includes an outer surface and a cavity within the outer surface. Slurry is deposited in the cavity of the container and subsequently used for a variety of different purposes. Air pockets occurring within the cavity of the container are reduced in order to regulate particle size of the slurry.

Abstract: A circuit board cooling system includes a thermally conductive element sandwiched between two circuit boards. The thermally conductive element of this thermal sandwich conducts heat away from both of the attached circuit cards. The thermally conductive element may be a solid slab of thermally conductive material, such as copper, it may be a hollow, substantially planar thermal conductor with an internally circulating cooling fluid, or it may be a substantially planar heat pipe, for example.