Abstract: A wireless transmitter and receiver are used in a wireless telecommunication system and method including antennas having at least one antenna element with a relatively narrow beamwidth at both the transmitter and receiver for high data rate communication. The antenna element provides beam coverage in both azimuthal and elevational directions, and a processor is operatively connected to the antenna and is capable of determining a suitable communication path with respect to the at least one antenna element and predetermined communications conditions.

Abstract: A rail-to-rail voltage-to-current converter converts a variable differential voltage signal having first and second voltage signal components, to an output current signal. The converter includes a first voltage-to-current converter configured to receive a voltage signal component and a reference voltage signal to provide a substantially linear output current signal. A second voltage-to-current converter receives the other one of the voltage signal components and the reference voltage signal to provide a second substantially linear output current signal. An adder combines the first and second output current signals to provide a substantially linear voltage/current characteristic over a wide range of available voltage signals generated by a power supply.

Abstract: Packaging for a reflective optical device, methods for manufacturing the packaging, and use of the packaging in an optical communications system are disclosed. The optical package assembly includes an optical package and an optical package subassembly. The optical package receives the optical subassembly, which includes a packaging component attached to a reflective optical device. An end of the optical package receives a optical fiber that is delivered to a fiber alignment region in the packaging component that is in optical communication with the reflective optical device.

Abstract: The problem of tracking rapid changes in the echo signals associated with modems is eliminated by using an echo canceler consisting of cascaded adaptive filters. Each filter in the structure contributes to the modeling of the overall echo path impulse response, with a longer filter providing the ability to model long echo path impulse responses and a shorter filter providing the ability to track changes in the echo path impulse response over time.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method and apparatus for providing continuous speech-to-subtitles translation utilizing a video-based communications device but without speech synthesis at the output. Instead, a translation of each user's speech is displayed continuously in text form on the other user's screen. In the preferred embodiment, the sending party speaks into a conventional videophone. Speech recognition and translation of the transmitted signal are performed by a remote device at the receiving party's location. The audio portion of the signal is sent both to a speaker for audio output and to a speech recognizer and text-based translation system, the output of which is text translated into the target language. The video portion of the signal and the translated text are combined in a subtitle generator and sent to a display device for viewing by the receiving party.

Abstract: Remote call pick-up is provided for analog telephones. Upon receiving a call request for a first analog CPE, a first record associated with the first CPE is read. The record contains a directory number for a second analog CPE. The first CPE is rung with a standard ring pattern and the second CPE is concurrently rung with an alternate ring pattern signifying that the second CPE is not the original call destination. The call is completed to the second CPE if a remote call pick-up code is received from the second CPE before the first CPE goes off-hook.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for performing joint stereo coding of multi-channel audio signals using intensity stereo coding techniques. In particular, predictive filtering techniques are applied to the spectral coefficient data, thereby preserving the time structure of the output signal of each channel, while maintaining the benefit of the high bit rate savings offered by intensity stereo coding. In one illustrative embodiment of the invention, the input signal is decomposed into spectral coefficients by a high-resolution filterbank/transform; the time-dependent masking threshold of the signal is estimated using a perceptual model; a filter performing linear prediction in frequency is applied at the filterbank outputs for each channel; intensity stereo coding techniques are applied for coding both residual signals into one carrier signal; the spectral values of the carrier signal are quantized and coded according to the precision corresponding to the masking threshold estimate; and all relevant information (i.e.

Abstract: A message sender (104) is equipped with a facility (250, 251) that automatically addresses the sender's messages and/or message components expressed in different media to the appropriate different addresses of the intended message recipient, in response to receiving an identification, such as the name, of the intended message recipient from the message sender. The message sender has an electronic directory (250) that lists, for at least some message recipients, a plurality of different telephone numbers and indicates for each telephone number the message medium or media that can be received at that address.

Abstract: The present invention provides a speech recognizer that creates and updates the equalization vector as input speech is provided to the recognizer. The present invention includes a speech analyzer which transforms an input speech signal into a series of feature vectors or observation sequence. Each feature vector is then provided to a speech recognizer which modifies the feature vector by subtracting a previously determined equalization vector therefrom. The recognizer then performs segmentation and matches the modified feature vector to a stored model vector which is defined as the segmentation vector. The recognizer then, from time to time, determines a new equalization vector, the new equalization vector being defined based on the difference between one or more input feature vectors and their respective segmentation vectors.

Abstract: An optical probe microscope includes an optical fiber oriented in a vertical direction. The fiber has a tip that emits light onto a horizontal surface of a sample to be measured. This surface can have both desired and undesired departures from planarity. An electromechanical device for imparting dither motion to the fiber tip is superposed on another electromechanical device for imparting two-dimensional horizontal scanning motion to the fiber tip. The dither motion has a much higher frequency than that of the scanning motion. Between successive scannings, another device moves the sample itself from one horizontal position to another. A microscope receives the optical radiation either transmitted or reflected by the sample surface. The microscope forms a (magnified) image of this received optical radiation on the surface of an optical image position detector. The surface of this detector has a relatively large area compared with that of the (magnified) image.

Abstract: A linear actuator is used to push a spring-loaded ram. The loading force of the spring against a stationary workpiece is calibrated with the displacement of the ram once the load exceeds the spring preset value. At a preset loading position, an electrical contact opens, indicating that the spring load has reached or exceeded the preset value. A mechanical stop, acting in conjunction with the stall characteristics of the linear actuator, prevents the operating range from being exceeded. This device has applications where precise standoff from a surface, the application of a precise force to that surface, and a controlled rate of the application of the force is needed.

Abstract: A high efficiency resonant impedance transforming network for driving a high efficiency infrared LED and the associated method for decreasing the rise time and fall time of the LED to enable the LED to operate at higher frequencies than would ordinarily be possible. The resonant impedance transforming network includes an inductively coupled circuit that contains a primary winding and a secondary winding. The LED and at least one capacitor are coupled in parallel to the secondary winding of the transformer. The secondary winding charges the capacitors connected to it. During the rise time of the LED, the charge stored in the capacitors is discharged to the LED. The discharged charge supplements the current supplied by the secondary winding and the LED experiences a current spike during its rise time that significantly shortens the duration of the rise time. As the LED is conducting a space charge is contained within the LED.

Abstract: An outdoor electronics enclosure which provides both weather protection and heat dissipation. The plastic enclosure is divided into two compartments. The first compartment has apertures in its exterior walls and contains an inner metal heat radiating box containing active electronic components. The second compartment is weathertight and contains passive components.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for presenting a viewer with an overall representation of the present number of entertainment programs available for selection given one week of program schedule data for 300 or more channels and one or more filtering criteria to limit the number of items represented in the overall representation. Sequentially applied filters will filter the group of program schedule data items that has at least 100,000 half hour time slots offered by 300 channels each week into a smaller subgroup where individual consideration of each item of the subgroup can be made in a reasonable time. A set top box drives the display of overall representations or results of filtering criteria on a commercial TV set. Once a reasonable sized subgroup is obtained, other displays provide specific information of the program offerings of the subgroup.

Abstract: The invention uses a connection having a predetermined priority, switched through the existing call processing switch fabric, to connect between customer premise equipment (CPE). The connection is implemented such that the connection is disconnected if an incoming call to one of the CPEs or an outgoing request for service from one of the CPEs is made that has a priority higher than the predetermined priority. If the connection is disconnected due to a request for higher priority service, the system of the invention can automatically reestablish the connection after the higher priority service call has ended.

Abstract: An arrangement for adapting a PCM (pulse code modulation) switch to control and communicate with a CDMA (code division multiple access) cell site for communication the wireless CDMA stations that communicate with that cell site. A protocol converter converts between signals for controlling integrated services digital network (ISDN) stations and signals for controlling a cell site, so that the cell site operates as if it were being controlled by a wireless switching center and the switch acts as if it were controlling ISDN stations. In the switch, a switchable connection is established between land based inputs and intermediate ports and a separate set of permanent connections is established between the intermediate ports and the PCM/packet converters. Advantageously, a switch designed to serve ISDN stations can be readily adapted to serve cell sites for serving wireless CDMA stations.

Abstract: An amplitude and phase cancellation circuit for modifying or reducing the phase and amplitude of a signal includes a quadrature hybrid having four ports. A first port receives an input signal and a fourth port outputs an output signal derived from the input signal. The remaining two ports are connected to circuit sections having tuneable and adjustable components for selectively varying the phase and amplitude of the output signal. When the output signal is combined or mixed with an external signal, the circuit allows for selective adjustment or cancellation of components of the external signal by generating an output signal having a phase angle opposite to and amplitude equal to the external signal components for which cancellation is desired.

Abstract: In a DH-PHEMT the channel layer comprises InGaAs, the donor layers comprise In.sub.y Ga.sub.1-y P(0.15.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.0.85), and each of the spacer layers comprises an In.sub.0.5-q (Al.sub.x Ga.sub.1-x).sub.0.5+q P outer spacer layer (0.2.ltoreq.x) and an Al.sub.r Ga.sub.1-r As (0.ltoreq.r.ltoreq.0.3) inner spacer layer. In another embodiment, a similar InAlGaP layer forms a Schottky barrier gate contact with a barrier height of at least 1.0 eV and hence low leakage current. The devices exhibit the capability for both low noise and high power operation at low supply voltages.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for processing source code in a language processing system with improved parsing based on prefix analysis. A method in accordance with the present invention includes the steps of identifying a previously-parsed prefix of a source code translation unit; creating a parser in a parser state corresponding to the identified prefix; and parsing a remaining portion of the translation unit after the prefix using the parser in the parser state corresponding to the prefix. In one embodiment of the invention, the step of creating a parser includes retrieving stored level-one subtrees corresponding to the top-level statements in the prefix. The level-one subtrees corresponding to the prefix may be stored in the form of a prefix tree along with the text of the top-level source code statements represented by the prefix and a parser delta indicating the effect of the code statements on the parser state.

Abstract: Applicants have discovered methods for making, treating and using diamonds which substantially enhance their capability for low voltage emission. Specifically, applicants have discovered that defect-rich diamonds--diamonds grown or treated to increase the concentration of defects--have enhanced properties of low voltage emission. Defect-rich diamonds are characterized in Raman spectroscopy by a diamond peak at 1332 cm.sup.-1 broadened by a full width at half maximum .DELTA.K in the range 5-15 cm.sup.-1 (and preferably 7-11 cm.sup.-1). Such defect-rich diamonds can emit electron current densities of 0.1 mA/mm.sup.2 or more at a low applied field of 25 V/.mu.m or less. Particularly advantageous structures use such diamonds in an array of islands or particles each less than 10 .mu.m in diameter at fields of 15 V/.mu.m or less.